香茶菜茎叶与根茎的性状鉴别与成分比较

目的为开发香茶菜药材资源提供依据。方法通过茎叶与根茎的性状、薄层色谱试验及熊果酸含量的测定，对香茶菜和大萼香茶菜进行比较。结果香茶菜和大萼香茶菜成分相似，茎叶与根茎的主要成分相同。结论香茶菜和大萼香茶菜可以考虑同等应用。     

大萼香茶菜新二萜成分:大萼香茶菜甲素和乙素的结构

从大萼香茶菜Rabdosia macrocalyx(Dunn)Hara的干叶中得到三种成分,除乌苏酸外,其它两种为新二萜,分别命名为大萼香茶菜甲素(Macrocalin A)及乙素(Maerocalin B)。甲素及乙素对体外培养的Hela细胞有抑制作用,4μg/ml抑制率80%。用光谱法配合衍生物制备测定了它们的结构。     

大叶香茶菜辛素的结构

从大叶香茶菜Rabdosia macrophylla(Migo)C.W.Wu et H.W.Li干叶中提取、分离得十五种成分,其中数种为具有抗肿瘤或细胞毒活性的二萜。本文报道另一种新二萜成分大叶香茶菜辛素(rabdophyllin H)的结构,并由X线单晶衍射方法证实。大叶香茶菜辛素对QGY-7703肝癌细胞具有抑制作用。     

香茶菜甲素、大叶香茶菜丙及其衍生物的抗菌和细胞毒作用

通过对香茶菜属植物的两种二萜成分——香茶菜甲素、大叶香茶菜丙进行结构改造,观察它们的生物活性。结果表明,香茶菜甲素酰化物(Ⅱ)能显著提高抗菌作用,比原化合物提高2～3倍;大叶香茶菜丙水解物(Ⅴ)能显著提高细胞毒活性,比原化合物提高2.3倍。     

九种香茶菜属药用植物的形态组织学研究

目的:鉴别四川9种药用香茶菜,确保用药的安全有效.方法:采用形态组织学方法,比较观察了碎米桠、线纹香茶菜、狭基线纹香茶菜、毛萼香茶菜、瘿花香茶菜、细锥香茶菜、黄花香茶菜、显脉香茶菜、腺花香茶菜等的药材性状、茎和叶横切面、叶表面与药材粉末特征.结果:9种药用香茶菜的药材性状和显微特征不同,提供了特征图表和鉴别检索表.结论:提供了相关药用香茶菜品种真伪鉴别的方法.     

大叶香茶菜抗肿瘤成分的研究

大叶香茶菜[Rabdosia macrophylla(Migo)C.Y.Wu et H.W.Li]系唇形科香茶菜属植物,其成分研究尚未见报道。为寻找抗癌活性成分,我们从中分得十一种成分,通过体外肝癌细胞培养、抑菌试验和动物瘤谱筛选,证明丙、己、庚、辛、11号等二萜具有抗癌和抑菌活性。根据物理常数及光谱分析证明丙、戊、己分别为冬凌草素即Oridonin、β     

蓝萼香茶菜的毒理学研究

目的观察口服蓝萼香茶菜乙醇提取物对小鼠急性毒性反应及大鼠和犬的长期毒性反应情况。方法急性毒性实验采用小鼠一次灌胃和静脉注射给药测定LD50测定法。长期毒性实验为大鼠灌胃和犬口服给药的血液、血液生化、脏器系数及病理组织学检查。结果小鼠灌胃给药LD50为78.39g/kg;静脉注射给药LD50为12.26g/kg。大鼠和犬的血液、血液生化、脏器系数及病理组织学检查与对照组比较,均未见中毒及异常改变。结论蓝萼香茶菜在实验剂量范围内,人口服是安全的。     

大叶香茶菜化学成分抗肿瘤活性的初步评价

从唇形科香茶菜属大叶香茶菜植物中分得11种成分,本文对其中9种成分进行了抗肿瘤活性的初步评价。实验结果表明,5种成分能明显延长EAC小鼠的生命时间,同时对人体肝癌细胞株QGY-7702细胞也有明显的杀伤作用。2种新的二萜化合物显示出较高的抗肿瘤活性,对EAC小鼠的延命率分别为171.8％与111.8％。     

大叶香茶菜抗肿瘤成分大叶庚的研究(Ⅱ)

鉴定了从大叶香茶菜Rabdosia macrophylla中分得的另外四种成分。三种为已知成分乌苏酸,香茶菜甲素(AmethystoidinA)及Enmenol。另一大叶庚为新的B-seco-ent-kaurene二萜,命名为RabdophyllinG,能延长荷艾氏腹永癌小鼠的生命并能抑制体外肝癌细胞的生长。     

心脑脉通胶囊的微乳薄层色谱鉴别

目的 探讨微乳薄层色谱法同时分离鉴别心脑脉通胶囊中多种有效成分。 方法 以聚酰胺薄膜为固定相,微乳液为展开剂,对处方中蓝萼香茶菜、葛根、丹参、川芎四味药材进行定性鉴别,并考察了十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、油相、水相等因素对分离效果的影响。 结果 以含水量 75% 的微乳液[SDS-正丁醇-正庚烷-水,g/g]-甲酸-丙酮(5:1:1) 为展开剂,可同时分离鉴别心脑脉通中的蓝萼香茶菜、葛根、丹参、川芎,斑点清晰,且阴性对照无干扰,分离效果理想。 结论 微乳薄层色谱法操作简便,结果准确,重现性好,可同时分离鉴别中成药中的多种有效成分。     

竹节参根和茎叶中总皂苷抗血栓活性研究

目的：研究竹节参根和茎叶是否具有抗血栓活性。方法利用体外溶栓法,以血凝块加药前后的重量变化为指标,研究竹节参根和茎叶是否具有体外抗血栓活性;利用小鼠肺血栓模型,以造模后小鼠的存活率为指标,研究竹节参根和茎叶是否具有体内抗血栓活性。结果竹节参根总皂苷和茎叶总皂苷的高、低剂量组均有极显著性的体内、体外抗血栓作用。结论竹节参根和茎叶中总皂苷具有极显著地抗血栓作用。     

Role of metabolomics assisting the pharmacological activity and molecular mechanism in Panax notoginseng

OBJECTIVE The strategy and techniques of metabolomics was applied for the pharmacology and molecular mechanism research of Panax notoginseng(PN)in traditional Chinese medicine.METHODS The global metabolic profiles of PN were investigated by the NMR-based metabolomics.The different parts of PN were scanned into metabolic profiles by 1H-NMR.The significant differences of these metabolic profiles were analyzed by PCA,PLS-DA,PLS-R,etc.The pharmacological effects including free radical scavenging activity(FRSA),anti-proliferation to human colorectal cancer cell line(HCT116),xanthine oxidase inhibition,were followed in vitro.Additionally,the molecular mechanism of xanthine degrading process by PN was attempted by 1H-NMR.RESULTS The NMR-based metabolic profiles of different parts(upper part of root,middle part of root,lower part of root,hairy root,leaf and stem)of PN presented significant differences by multivariate statistical analysis.The hairy root and leaf revealed highest anti-proliferative effect to HCT116;the leaf and stem of PN showed highest level of FRSA;the leaf,stem,hairy root effected the xanthine degrading 1 metabolic pathway.And the H-NMR based molecular mechanism experiment showed that the xanthine metabolic pathway degraded by PN depended on the direct inhibition to xanthine.CONCLUSION The metabolomics strategy provided complementary chemical profiling to medicinal herbs,which accelerated the development of pharmacology and mechanism of action in traditional medicine.The subsidiary parts of PN,as leaf,stem and hairy root,have the potential to develop new drugs in curing cancer,inflammation and gout.     

Simultaneous determination of Saikosaponin a,c and d in different parts of wild bupleurum from Shanxi Province

Asa traditional Chinese herbal medicine exhibiting analgesic, fever-reducing and anti-inflammatory effects, Radix Bupleuri (Chai-Hu) is commonly used for the treatment of influenza, which is derived from the dried roots of Bupleurum chinense DC. and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. Among of diverse chemical components, saikosaponins are the key active components of the herb medicine. In the present study, we established a method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) for simultaneous determination of saikosaponin a, c and d in root, stem, leaf and flower of Bupleurumchinense (B chinense) collected from different areas of Shanxi Province, China. The results from 16 samples of root, stem, leaf and flower of B chinense demonstrated that the total contents of the three saikosaponins in the root of B chinense collected from Dongshan Taiyuan, Xishan, Tianlongshan and Pangquangou were 4.26 mg/g, 3.22 mg/g, 4.23 mg/g and 3.05 mg/g, respectively. However, there was scarcely any saikosaponins in the stem, leaf and flower of B chinensecollected from above-mentioned areas. The method of HPLC coupled with ELSD was suitable for quality control of Radix Bupleuri. The result also confirmed that the root of B chinense was the best medicinal part.     

冬凌草的化学成分

目的 从冬凌草（Rabdosia rubescens Hemsl.） 中提取分离活性成分。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱等分离方法对冬凌草乙醇冷浸提取物进行分离,并通过NMR﹑ESI-MS和TLC等多种方法对分离得到的化学成分进行结构鉴定。结果分离得到15个化合物,分别鉴定为：α-香树脂醇（1）、胡萝卜苷（2）、乌索酸（3）、β-谷甾醇（4）、enmenol-glucoside（5）、lasiodonin（6）、葡萄糖（7）、2α,3α-二羟基-12-烯-28-乌索酸（8）、冬凌草甲素（9）、胡麻素（10）、肌醇（11）、冬凌草乙素（12）、dayecrystals B（13）、尿嘧啶（14）、邻苯二甲酸-二(2-乙基-2己基)酯（15）。结论 化合物14为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物8、13为首次从该植物中分离得到;邻苯二甲酸二-(2乙基-2己基)酯为实验材料中所引入的化合物。     

Chemical characteristics for different parts of Panax notoginseng using pressurized liquid extraction and HPLC-ELSD

The chemical characteristics for different parts of Panax notoginseng, including root, fibre root, rhizome, stem, leaf, flower and seed, were determined using high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). Eight major saponins, namely notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3 and Rd were also quantitatively compared among the different parts of P. notoginseng. The chromatograms showed that there was significant difference between underground (root, fibre root, rhizome) and aerial (leaf and flower) parts from P. notoginseng, though the similarities of entire chromatographic patterns among tested samples from underground (0.965 ± 0.029, n = 12) and aerial parts (0.987 ± 0.014, n = 5) were similar, respectively. Especially, no saponin was detected in the seed of P. notoginseng. Hierarchical clustering analysis based on eight investigated saponins or the ratios of contents for ginsenoside Rg1/Rb1 and ginsenoside Rb3/Rb1 showed that the samples from different parts of P. notoginseng were divided into three main clusters. One cluster was underground parts, which contained rich protopanaxatriol and protopanaxadiol types saponins. The leaf and flower were in the same cluster, which contained protopanaxadiol type saponins only. Especially, ginsenoside Rc, Rb2 and Rb3, rare in the underground parts, were rich in aerial parts of P. notoginseng. The stem of P. notoginseng was another cluster. Based on the cluster analysis, the chemical characteristics for different parts of P. notoginseng were revealed. They are composite cluster (underground parts), protopanaxadiol cluster (aerial parts) and interim (stem) cluster, which was the one between the two typical clusters, respectively. The result shows that chemical characteristics of underground parts and aerial parts from P. notoginseng are obviously different, which is helpful for pharmacological evaluation and quality control of P. notoginseng.     

沙蓬的组织构造和显微鉴定

目的对蒙药沙蓬的组织构造和显微特征进行研究。方法对沙蓬根和茎横切面的组织构造进行显微鉴定,并对根、茎、叶以及果实的粉末显微特征进行鉴别。结果沙蓬根的横切面呈现异常生长的三生组织构造特征,轴器官为双螺旋状式样结构类型,异常维管束为外韧型维管束。茎的横切面组织构造呈现异常生长的三生构造特征,轴器官为同心环状式样结构类型,皮层附加异常维管束为外韧型维管束,3、4轮同心环状排列。异常维管束之间的结合组织结构式样为径向厚壁木质化型,束间薄壁组织细胞高度木质化,轮层间的薄壁组织细胞较大。根的粉末可见大量草酸钙簇晶,螺纹、网纹、孔纹等多种类型导管,薄壁细胞高度木质化,纤维细长高度木质化,细胞腔明显。茎部粉末可见不等式或不定式气孔,草酸钙簇晶数量众多,导管为螺纹、网纹、孔纹。叶部粉末亦可见不等式或不定式气孔,草酸钙簇晶数量众多,散在或镶嵌于薄壁细胞中,薄壁细胞细长。果实粉末可见大量分支状非腺毛和胚乳细胞,草酸钙簇晶存在于薄壁细胞腔内或镶嵌于细胞间隙,数目极多。结论该研究成果可用于沙蓬药材的显微鉴定,为制定沙蓬药材的质量标准打下基础。     

美丽胡枝子不同部位总黄酮含量测定

目的测定美丽胡枝子不同部位总黄酮的含量。方法采用紫外分光光度法,以芦丁为对照品,三氯化铝为显色剂,测定波长为272 nm。结果美丽胡枝子不同部位的总黄酮含量分别为:叶1.43%、茎0.40%、根0.39%。结论美丽胡枝子各部位总黄酮的含量从高到低顺序为叶>茎>根。     

Screening of Panamanian Medicinal Plants for Brine Shrimp Toxicity,Crown Gall Tumor Inhibition,Cytotoxicity and DNA Intercalation

Crude extracts from 20 Panamanian plants used in traditional medicine have been screened for brine shrimp toxicity, tumor inhibition, DNA-intercalation and cytotoxicity tests in a clonogenic assay in V79 suspension culture gassed with air or nitrogen. Of the 20 plant extracts, 8 (40%) proved active in DNA intercalation. The most active were the methanol extracts of Bidens pilosa (root), Jatropha curcas (leaf), Pereskia bleo (whole plant), Isertia hypoleuca (leaf), Cyperus luzulae (root), Vernonia patens (leaf and stem), Alibertia edulis (stem) and Justicia graciliflora (aerial parts). Sixteen (80%) of the 20 methanol plant extracts were active in potato disc tumor inhibition assay; Cyperus luzulae (root), Justicia graciliflora (aerial parts), Pereskia bleo (whole plant) and Vernonia patens (leaf and stem) being the most active. Cytotoxicity in the clonogenic assay was observed only in three plant extracts: Cyperus luzulae, Piper auritum and Psychotria correae, whereas high brine shrimp toxicity (LC 50 <100 p.p.m.) was observed in 13(65%) of the 20 plant extracts tested. These results appear to show a good correlation between the three bioassays: brine shrimp toxicity, tumor inhibition and DNA intercalation. The latter bioassay is rapid, economical, and can be used in activity guided fractionation of plant extracts.     

Chemical characteristics for different parts of Panax notoginseng using pressurized liquid extraction and HPLC-ELSD

The chemical characteristics for different parts of Panax notoginseng, including root, fibre root, rhizome, stem, leaf, flower and seed, were determined using high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). Eight major saponins, namely notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3 and Rd were also quantitatively compared among the different parts of P. notoginseng. The chromatograms showed that there was significant difference between underground (root, fibre root, rhizome) and aerial (leaf and flower) parts from P. notoginseng, though the similarities of entire chromatographic patterns among tested samples from underground (0.965 ± 0.029, n = 12) and aerial parts (0.987 ± 0.014, n = 5) were similar, respectively. Especially, no saponin was detected in the seed of P. notoginseng. Hierarchical clustering analysis based on eight investigated saponins or the ratios of contents for ginsenoside Rg1/Rb1 and ginsenoside Rb3/Rb1 showed that the samples from different parts of P. notoginseng were divided into three main clusters. One cluster was underground parts, which contained rich protopanaxatriol and protopanaxadiol types saponins. The leaf and flower were in the same cluster, which contained protopanaxadiol type saponins only. Especially, ginsenoside Rc, Rb2 and Rb3, rare in the underground parts, were rich in aerial parts of P. notoginseng. The stem of P. notoginseng was another cluster. Based on the cluster analysis, the chemical characteristics for different parts of P. notoginseng were revealed. They are composite cluster (underground parts), protopanaxadiol cluster (aerial parts) and interim (stem) cluster, which was the one between the two typical clusters, respectively. The result shows that chemical characteristics of underground parts and aerial parts from P. notoginseng are obviously different, which is helpful for pharmacological evaluation and quality control of P. notoginseng.