Efficacy and safety of topical difluprednate in persistent diabetic macular edema

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment of diabetic macular edema (persistent type) with difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion 0.05 % (off label use). 20 patients with persistent diabetic macular edema were enrolled. In all subjects, more than 4 months had passed since prior treatment. All patients were treated with difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion 0.05 % three times daily for 3 months. At the end of 3 months the visual acuity had increased by two lines to a mean value of 0.61 ± 0.18 on logMAR from a baseline value of 0.885 ± 0.20 and the central retinal thickness had decreased from 423 ± 72.04 microns to 345 ± 68.7 microns. Hence, there was a total of 18.4 % decrease in retinal thickness on difluprednate. Major side effects included raised intraocular pressure in 20 %. Difluprednate is a potent and strong steroid which causes a rapid decrease in persistent diabetic macular edema. However, the potential side effect of raised intraocular pressure limits its use as an adjuvant therapy in non-steroid responders.     

Patterns of macular edema in patients with uveitis: qualitative and quantitative assessment using optical coherence tomography

PURPOSE: To describe the morphologic characteristics of uveitic macular edema by the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to investigate the correlation between tomographic features and visual acuity (VA). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Seventy consecutive patients with uveitis in a university-based practice with a clinical diagnosis of macular edema in at least one eye. Inclusion criteria were: (1) verification of macular edema by OCT, (2) adequate media clarity for fundus visualization, and (3) absence of coexisting ocular disease limiting visual potential. METHODS: Complete ophthalmic examination: best-corrected Snellen VA, slit-lamp examination, fundus biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and OCT. Fluorescein angiography was performed in selected cases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Best-corrected Snellen VA and tomographic features of the macula, including macular thickness measurement and correlation of macular thickness with VA. RESULTS: Eighty-four eyes of 60 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean VA (Snellen test) was 20/36. There were 3 patterns of macular edema: diffuse macular edema (DME), cystoid macular edema (CME), and serous retinal detachment (RD). Serous retinal detachment was detected in 17 eyes (20.2%). Patients were classified into the following groups: DME (46 eyes, 54.8%), CME (21 eyes, 25%), DME and RD (5 eyes, 5.9%), CME and RD (12 eyes, 14.3%). Epiretinal membrane was detected by OCT in 34 eyes (40.5%). Eight eyes (9.5%) demonstrated vitreomacular traction. The mean retinal thickness at the central fovea was 333+/-171 microm (mean +/- standard deviation). Macular edema was located mainly in the outer retinal layers. Eyes with CME had significantly greater retinal thickness measurements than eyes with DME (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that VA was negatively correlated with increased macular thickness, presence of CME, and RD (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Optical coherence tomography demonstrated 3 patterns of macular edema in patients with uveitis: DME, CME, and RD. Epiretinal membrane coexisted in a significant percentage of patients. In patients with uveitis with clear media, the morphologic features of macular edema and macular thickness correlated with VA.     

Ultrasound assessment of short‐term ocular vascular effects of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin®) in neovascular age‐related macular degeneration

Acta Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: 641–645

Abstract.

Purpose: Angiogenic inhibitors, alone or combined with other therapies, are believed to represent a promising treatment for neovascularization in age‐related macular degeneration (wet AMD). They can maintain or improve visual acuity (VA), at least for the first 2 years. However, evolution to retinal atrophy cannot be ruled out and it may be useful to assess the effects of antiangiogenic therapy on retinal and choroidal circulation. Methods: We carried out a pilot study in 15 patients with wet AMD. Time‐averaged mean blood flow velocities (BFVs) in the central retinal, temporal posterior ciliary and ophthalmic arteries (CRA, TPCA and OA) were measured by ultrasound imaging before and 4 weeks after a single intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg bevacizumab in 0.05 ml. Patients underwent two ophthalmic examinations, before and 4 weeks after injection, including VA measurement and optical coherence tomography (OCT3) examination. Results: In treated eyes, bevacizumab injection was followed by a significant improvement in VA (from 20/125 to 20/80; p = 0.0214), and a decrease in mean central macular thickness (from 392 ± 96 μm to 271 ± 50 μm; p = 0.0038). Mean BFV decreased by 10% in the CRA (p = 0.0226), 20% in the TPCA (p = 0.0026) and 20% in the OA (p = 0.0003). No effect was observed in fellow eyes. Conclusions: Intravitreal bevacizumab acutely improved VA and reduced central macular thickness in wet AMD. Ultrasound imaging revealed that BFVs decreased in all retrobulbar arteries, suggesting that after local diffusion, bevacizumab exerts a short‐term regional effect. Bevacizumab might therefore induce hypoperfusion of the whole eye, which may correspond to a vascular side‐effect.     

Foveal thickness reduction after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment in chronic diabetic macular edema

AIM: To report foveal thickness reduction in eyes with resolution of macular edema and recovery of a foveal depression after one-year of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy for center-involving diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS: Foveal thickness was assessed with optical coherence tomography to determine the central subfield foveal thickness (CSFT) and macular volume in 42 eyes with DME (CSFT>275 µm). Evaluations also included measurement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and were performed at baseline, and upon foveal depression recovery achieved after 12 monthly intravitreal injections of either 1.5 mg/0.06 mL bevacizumab (n=21) or 0.5 mg/0.05 mL ranibizumab (n=21). Data was compared to 42 eyes of normally sighted, non-diabetic, healthy individuals with similar age, gender and race distributions. RESULTS: Mean baseline BCVA was 0.59±0.04 and 0.32± 0.03 logMAR (P<0.001) after treatment and resolution of DME, with all, but 3 eyes, showing BCVA improvement. Mean CSFT before treatment was 422.0±20.0 µm, and after treatment, decreased to 241.6±4.6 µm (P<0.001), which is significantly thinner than CSFT found in control subjects (272.0±3.4 µm; P<0.001). Moreover, in 33/42 DM eyes (79%), CSTF was thinner than the matched control eye. Macular volume showed comparable results, but with lower differences between groups (control: 8.5±0.4 mm3; DME: 8.2±1.0 mm3; P=0.0267). CONCLUSION: DME eyes show significantly lower foveal thickness than matched controls after DME resolution achieved with one-year anti-VEGF therapy. Further investigation into the reasonsfor this presumable retinal atrophy using fluorescein angiography and functional parameters as well as establishing possible predictors is warranted. This finding should be considered during the treatment of DME.     

Steroid eye drop treatment (difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion) is effective in reducing refractory diabetic macular edema

Purpose  

To evaluate the efficacy of treatment of refractory diabetic macular edema (DME) after vitrectomy with difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% (Durezol^TM), and to compare this treatment with sub-Tenon’s injection of triamcinolone (STTA).     

Combined intravitreal bevacizumab and triamcinolone in exudative age‐related macular degeneration

Acta Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: 630–634

Abstract.

Purpose: We report on the combined application of intravitreal bevacizumab and triamcinolone acetonide for treatment of exudative age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: The clinical interventional case‐series study included 16 patients (16 eyes) with exudative AMD who had previously received 3.5 ± 1.8 mono‐injections of bevacizumab (1.5 mg) without significant improvement in visual acuity (VA) or reduction in macular exudation. All patients underwent a combined intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (1.5 mg) and triamcinolone acetonide (about 20 mg). Main outcome measures were VA and macular thickness as determined by optical coherence tomography. All patients were re‐examined at 2–3 months after the intervention. Results: Visual acuity improved significantly (p = 0.03) from 0.80 ± 0.40 logMAR prior to the combined injection to 0.65 ± 0.42 logMAR at 3 months after the injection. An improvement of ≥ 1 Snellen line was found in eight subjects, an increase of ≥ 2 lines in five subjects, and an improvement of ≥ 3 lines in two subjects. One patient lost 1 line and one patient lost 3 lines. Central retinal thickness decreased significantly from 272 ± 62 μm to 220 ± 47 μm (p = 0.03). At the 6‐month follow‐up examination, central retinal thickness had increased again to 319 ± 142 μm, which was not significantly (p = 0.30) different from baseline measurements. Conclusions: The combined intravitreal application of bevacizumab and triamcinolone may temporarily be helpful in the treatment of exudative AMD if previous intravitreal bevacizumab mono‐injections have failed to improve vision and reduce macular oedema.     

Intravitreal bevacizumab treatment for refractory diabetic macular edema

To evaluate the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) on visual function and retinal thickness in patients with refractory diabetic macular edema (DME). Eyes with DME treated with IVB which were resistant to different previous treatments were enrolled in this retrospective, non-randomized series study. Each patient underwent a complete ophthalmic examination including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit-lamp examination, intraocular pressure measurement, fundus examination, retinal thickness measurement with optic coherence tomography at baseline and at each visit. Digital fundus fluorescein angiography was performed at baseline for each patient. A total of 71 eyes of 59 patients (36 male and 23 female) were included in the study. All eyes had focal laser photocoagulation (71 eyes, 100 %) and had one other additional treatment including an intravitreal (23 eyes, 32 %) or subtenon (18 eyes, 25 %) injection of triamcinolone acetonide. The mean follow-up period was 9.79 ± 8.6 months and the mean number of IVB treatments was 2.01 ± 1.06 (min–max, 1–4). Mean logMAR BCVA was 0.88 ± 0.4 at baseline, 0.78 ± 0.4 at 4 weeks and 0.79 ± 0.4 at the last visit (p = 0.036). The mean central foveal thickness was 515.4 ± 150.3 μm at baseline which significantly decreased to 367.01 ± 166.6 μm at 4 weeks (p = 0.0001) and 338.1 ± 159.7 μm at the last visit (p = 0.0001). Sixteen percent of the eyes did not respond to IVB treatment. IVB treatment for refractory DME seems to be effective and safe and repeated treatments are necessary for a significant portion of the cases.     

Morphological and Functional Retinal Assessment in Epiretinal Membrane Surgery

Purpose: To analyze functional and morphological findings after surgery for idiopathic epiretinal macular membrane (IEMM). Materials and Methods: Twenty eyes of 20 patients affected by IEMM underwent 23-Gauge surgery. Morphological and functional examinations were assessed at baseline and at 30, 90, and 180 days after surgery. SD-OCT evaluated foveal morphology and thickness, photoreceptor inner/outer segment junction, and external limiting membrane. Functional assessment evaluated visual acuity, retinal sensitivity, and fixation patterns. Statistical analysis was performed with the Student’s t test and Pearson correlation test. Results: Mean central retinal thickness (CRT), visual acuity (VA), and retinal sensitivity (RS) at baseline were respectively 494.90 ± 38.73 µm, 0.55 ± 0.08 LogMAR, and 11.13±1.02; after surgery, at day 180, we observed a significant decrease in mean CRT to 326.90±32.68 µm, an increase in mean VA to 0.33 ± 0.05 LogMAR (p < 0.05), and in mean RS to 13.25 ± 0.73 dB (p < 0.05). A stable fixation increased from 40% of patients at baseline to 75% of patients at day 180 (p < 0.05). Discussion: IEMM surgery results in continuous improvement in visual function, not only at month one but also beyond month six, due to the progressive reduction of residual intraretinal edema and recomposition of retinal layers.     

Optical coherence tomography features during the evolution of serous retinal detachment in patients with diabetic macular edema

PURPOSE: To characterize the evolution of serous retinal detachment (SRD) combined with diabetic macular edema (DME) using optical coherence tomography (OCT). DESIGN: Observational retrospective case series. METHODS: In our institution, 64 eyes of 40 diabetic patients who had SRD combined with DME were studied. All patients had fluorescein angiography and several OCT3 examinations during follow-up. Foveolar neuroretinal thickness (NRT) and SRD height were measured. The evolution of OCT macular profiles was qualitatively assessed. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 11.8 months. DME was focal in 10 eyes (15.6%), diffuse in 17 (26.6%) and both diffuse and focal in 37 (57.8%). Mean initial decimal visual acuity (VA), NRT, and SRD height (+/- standard deviation) were 0.35 +/- 0.21, 346.88 +/- 138.61 and 199.48 +/- 139.8 microm, respectively. SRD height did not correlate with VA (P = .23) or NRT (P = .31). In 13 eyes (20.3%), NRT above the SRD was normal. In the 19 eyes where DME improved during follow-up, SRD disappeared before the maximal reduction of retinal thickness in seven eyes (36.8%) and after or simultaneously with this reduction, in 12 eyes (63.2%). Among the 45 eyes where DME worsened during follow-up, SRD disappeared from 15 eyes (33.3%). CONCLUSION: In this series, SRD height did not correlate with retinal thickening. The latter may appear before central neuroretinal thickening and disappear before or after its regression. Consequently, SRD does not seem to be related either to the severity of DME or to its resorption.     

康柏西普单次玻璃体内注射对糖尿病黄斑水肿患者黄斑形态与功能的影响

目的　观察糖尿病黄斑水肿（diabetic macular edema,DME）患者接受康柏西普单次玻璃体内注射治疗后黄斑形态与功能的恢复情况。方法　回顾性分析23例（25眼）DME患者临床资料。按照是否接受康柏西普玻璃体内注射治疗分为治疗组和对照组。观察并比较两组患者观察起点与终点（治疗组术前与术后1个月比较,对照组入组与随访观察1个月比较）最佳矫正视力（best corrected visual acuity,BCVA）、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度（central retinal thickness,CRT）和微视野计检测的视网膜光敏感度等。结果　治疗组观察起点CRT为(448.73±193.25)μm,观察终点CRT为（300.60±74.93）μm,二者比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.768,P=0.010)。所有患者经康柏西普玻璃体内注射治疗后均无手术并发症发生。所有研究对象4°内注视点均>75%,治疗组和对照组4°与8°的视野视网膜光敏感度观察终点与观察起点比较差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）,两组间4°与8°视野视网膜光敏感度在观察起点及观察终点比较差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）;两组12°平均视网膜光敏感度比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.011）。结论　玻璃体内单次注射康柏西普治疗DME安全有效,能够有效地减轻黄斑水肿及提高视力,形态学恢复早于功能学恢复。     

Intravitreal injection of conbercept for diabetic macular edema complicated with diabetic nephropathy

AIM: To observe the therapeutic effect of conbercept on diabetic macular edema (DME) complicated with diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS: In this retrospective study, 54 patients (54 eyes) that diagnosed as DME from January 2017 to October 2021 were collected. The patients were divided into two groups: DME patients with DN (25 eyes), and DME patients without DN (29 eyes). General conditions were collected before treatment, laboratory tests include fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, microalbumin/creatinine, serum creatinine. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to check the ellipsoidal zone (EZ) and external limiting membrane (ELM) integrity. Central macular thickness (CMT), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and retinal hyperreflective foci (HF) as well as numbers of injections were recorded. RESULTS: There were significant differences between fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, serum creatinine, urinary microalbumin/creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between the two groups (all P<0.05). EZ and ELM continuity in the DME+DN group was worse than that in the DME group (P<0.05). BCVA (logMAR) in the DME group was significantly better than that in the DME+DN group at the same time points during treatment (all P<0.05). CMT and HF values were significantly higher in the DME+DN group than that in the DME group at the all time points (all P<0.05) and significantly decreased in both groups with time during treatment. At 6mo after treatment, the mean number of injections in the DME+DN and DME group was 4.84±0.94 and 3.79±0.86, respectively. CONCLUSION: Conbercept has a significant effect in short-term treatment of DME patients with or without DN, and can significantly ameliorate BCVA, CMT and the number of HF, treatment efficacy of DME patients without DN is better than that of DME patients with DN.     

Trans-Tenon's retrobulbar triamcinolone acetonide infusion for refractory diabetic macular edema after vitrectomy

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of trans-Tenon's retrobulbar triamcinolone acetonide (TA) infusion for the treatment of refractory diabetic macular edema (DME) after vitrectomy. Methods After topical anesthesia, 20 eyes from 20 patients with persistent DME after pars plana vitrectomy were treated with trans-Tenon's retrobulbar infusion of 40 mg TA through an inferotemporal approach. The mean duration (±SD) between vitrectomy and trans-Tenon's retrobulbar TA infusion was 11.4±7.9 months. The mean follow-up period (±SD) after trans-Tenon's retrobulbar TA infusion was 13.3±2.8 months. Results At 1 week after trans-Tenon's retrobulbar TA infusion, the mean central retinal thickness (±SD) measured by optical coherence tomography was 381±99 μm, which was a statistically significant decrease in comparison with the preoperative thickness (555±112 μm) (P<0.001). Additional trans-Tenon's retrobulbar TA infusions were performed in ten eyes (50%), due to the recurrence of DME at 6.6±3.0 months after the first TA infusion. At the final examination, macular edema resolved in 13 (65%), improved in four (20%), and remained unchanged in three (15%) of the 20 eyes. At 1 month after trans-Tenon's retrobulbar TA infusion, the mean laser flare value (±SD) was 9.6±3.0 photon/ms, which was a statistically significant decrease in comparison with the preoperative value (15.5±5.9 photon/ms) (P<0.01). Furthermore, in ten eyes (50%) with recurrent DME, re-elevated laser flare values were observed prior to the recurrence of DME. The final best-corrected Snellen visual acuity improved by two or more lines in nine eyes (45%), and remained unchanged in 11 eyes (55.0%). IOP elevation equal to or higher than 21 mmHg was observed in three (15%) of the 20 eyes with TA infusion, and was controlled by topical medications. No other injection-related complications were observed. Conclusion Trans-Tenon's retrobulbar TA infusion is an effective and safe method for the treatment of refractory DME, which is present even after vitrectomy.     

Diode laser, vitrectomy and intravitreal triamcinolone. A comparative study for the treatment of diffuse non tractional diabetic macular edema

PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness and safety of diode laser, pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with gas tamponade, and intravitreal triamcinolone (IVT) as possible treatments for diffuse diabetic macular edema (dDME). To determine whether the new macular edema Classification previously proposed by some of the authors may help as a guide in the choice of treatment. METHODS: A retrospective, comparative study of 169 eyes with dDME that underwent treatment. The eyes divided into 3 groups: in the PPV Group, 59 eyes received PPV with gas tamponade; in the DIODE Group, 53 eyes received a laser grid; in the IVT Group, 57 eyes received an intravitreal injection of 4 mg of triamcinolone acetonide. The follow up ranged from 6 to 24 months. The eyes were classified according to the new DME Classification based on OCT. MAIN OUTCOMES: Change in foveal thickness as determined by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT); change in visual acuity; intra and postoperative complications. RESULTS: Mean visual acuity (VA) improved at 3 months with every treatment. At one year only eyes which underwent PPV still had better VA than the pre-op value, while eyes which underwent IVT and laser treatment showed regression. PPV show the greater percentage of eyes which gain 3 or more lines of VA at one year (17%). Mean foveal thickness improved at 3 months with every treatment. Only the eyes into the PPV Group showed relatively low foveal thickness at one year. Better final VA and foveal thickness were obtained if preop VA is > or = 0.3 and if earlier stages of DME were treated according to the new DME Classification. PPV was the treatment which offered the most stable results with at one year or longer. Similar results were observed into the PPV Groups as a whole and into a subgroup of eyes with preoperative PVD. No complications were encountered with laser diode treatment. Long term complications into the IVT Group were elevated IOP (8%), retinal detachment (3.5%) and posterior cataract (15%). Long term complications into the PPV Group were retinal detachment (3.4%) and cataract (90%). CONCLUSIONS: Diode laser, PPV with gas tamponade and IVT are effective alternative treatments to decrease foveal thickness and improve visual acuity in eyes with DME. However while the results of PPV are stable in the long term follow-up, diode laser and IVT do not offer stable results. Complications may be severe with PPV and IVT. It is necessary to carefully select cases which would benefit from these types of treatments. The authors think that the OCT Classification may serve as a guide for the choice of treatment.     

Central corneal thickness in patients with meibomian gland dysfunctiona

Purpose: The aim was to evaluate central corneal thickness in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction. Methods: The study group was made up of 40 eyes of 20 patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (mean age, 40.55 ± 10.7 years). Forty eyes of 20 healthy individuals (mean age, 39.25 ± 11.1 years) without any ophthalmic or systemic pathology were used as a control group. The central corneal thickness was measured with ultrasonic pachymetry. Results: The mean central corneal thickness was 541.45 ± 24.68 µm in the study group and 544.30 ± 22.16 µm in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean central corneal thickness measurements in the meibomian gland dysfunction group in comparison with the control group (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Central corneal thickness measurements do not differ in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction compared with healthy control subjects.     

Effect of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin®) in neovascular age‐related macular degeneration using a treatment regimen based on optical coherence tomography: 6‐ and 12‐month results

Purpose: To study the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab therapy on visual and anatomical outcomes in patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) within a follow‐up period of 6 and 12 months. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 102 eyes of 102 consecutive patients with neovascular AMD evaluated repeated intravitreal bevacizumab (1 or 2.5 mg) injections. Retreatment was performed following an optical coherence tomography (OCT)‐based regimen. Ophthalmic examination included best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), dilated fundus examination and OCT imaging. Data were analysed at baseline, 6 months (24 weeks) and 12 months (48 weeks) after treatment initiation. Results: BCVA remained stable at 6 months (mean: 0.00 ± 0.41 logMAR; p = 0.95) and 12 months (mean: +0.02 ± 0.43 logMAR; loss of ～ 1 letter; p = 0.70) after the first treatment. OCT retinal thickness decreased by a mean of ?37.8 ± 101.6 μm (p < 0.05) compared to baseline at month 6 and ?38.6 ± 93.3 μm (p < 0.05) at month 12. A mean of 2.6 ± 1.2 injections were needed to obtain absence of fluid by OCT, and the time to recurrence was 23 ± 11 weeks thereafter. There was no difference in BCVA and OCT outcomes between treatment‐naive eyes and eyes that had undergone prior treatment. Conclusion: The 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up of repeated intravitreal bevacizumab therapy in eyes with neovascular AMD demonstrated stabilization of vision and no safety concerns. An OCT‐based retreatment strategy appears appropriate in the management of patients treated with intravitreal bevacizumab.     

阿柏西普治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿患者多焦视网膜电图明视负反应变化

目的:观察糖尿病性黄斑水肿(DME)患者接受阿柏西普治疗前后多焦视网膜电图(mf-ERG)明视负反应(PhNR)的变化。方法:回顾性队列研究。收集2019-05/2022-06在武汉大学附属爱尔眼科医院(武汉爱尔眼科医院)就诊的DME患者37例37眼,每月注射阿柏西普0.05mL,连续注射3mo。并选取排除相关眼部疾病的体检正常者20例20眼作为对照组。比较两组参与研究者治疗前后mf-ERG的PhNR振幅,最佳矫正视力(BCVA)(LogMAR)、中央视网膜厚度(CRT)、黄斑区毛细血管丛血管密度(CPVD)。结果:治疗前DME患者mf-ERG PhNR振幅(201.69±80.92nV)明显低于正常对照组(398.87±77.92nV)(P<0.01)。治疗后6mo DME患者mf-ERG的PhNR平均振幅与治疗前明显升高(P=0.036),但在治疗后6mo时仍明显低于正常对照组(P=0.031)。治疗后6mo DME患者BCVA(LogMAR)从0.64±1.33提高到0.37±1.39(P=0.021),CPVD较治疗前明显增加(P=0.029)。治疗后6mo DME患者m...     

玻璃体切割治疗弥漫性糖尿病黄斑水肿疗效观察

目的:研究玻璃体切割治疗弥漫性糖尿病黄斑水肿的临床效果。方法:收集2004-03/2006-07在我院因弥漫性糖尿病黄斑水肿性行玻璃体切割方法治疗的患者23例(23眼),所有患者均严格控制血糖、血压,术前均详细检查视力、眼压、裂隙灯、检眼镜眼底、荧光血管造影(fluorescein fundus angiography,FFA)、光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT),分别记录术前术后1,3,6,12mo视力及黄斑厚度,进行对比,并观察手术后并发症,平均随访14.5±1.2mo。结果:所有患者均顺利进行玻璃体手术治疗,其中有8例患者在曲安奈德(triamcinolone acetonide,TA)辅助下完成玻璃体手术,术前患者平均视力0.24±0.15,术后1,3,6,12mo平均视力0.19±0.14,0.25±0.16,0.28±0.15,0.32±0.19,术后12mo与术前矫正视力对比有显著性差异,术前黄斑厚度平均OCT值438±169μm,术后1,3,6,12mo平均OCT值为317±123,263±87μm,237±6,228±41μm,与术前分别对比均有显著性差异。术中2例出现医源性网膜裂孔,激光封口,无患者术后出现玻璃体出血,虹膜新生血管,视网膜前膜,无患者行白内障手术。结论:玻璃体切割手术治疗弥漫性黄斑水肿可在短期内明显减轻黄斑水肿,并逐步改善患者视功能,其远期效果需进一步观察。     

Efficacy of dexamethasone intravitreal implant for the treatment of persistent diffuse diabetic macular edema

To investigate the efficiency and safety of a single injection of intravitreal dexamethasone implant in eyes with persistent diffuse diabetic macular edema (DME). In this retrospective study, 25 eyes of 20 patients, who underwent a single injection of intravitreal dexamethasone implant for the treatment of persistent diffuse DME, were reviewed. Main outcome measures included the changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) from baseline at scheduled visits following injection. The mean BCVA showed improvement from baseline (0.97 ± 0.26 logMAR) at every visit; the difference was significant at day 7 (0.85 ± 0.3 logMAR, p = 0.003), month 1 (0.77 ± 0.32 logMAR, p < 0.001), month 3 (0.77 ± 0.34 logMAR, p = 0.001), and month 4 (0.85 ± 0.31 logMAR, p = 0.014). The mean CMT was significantly lower than baseline (616 ± 132 μm) at day 1 (518 ± 144 μm), day 7 (414 ± 134 μm), month 1 (306 ± 95 μm), month 3 (339 ± 88 μm), month 4 (420 ± 116 μm), and month 6 (494 ± 128 μm) following the injection (p < 0.001, for all). Thirteen eyes on the 4-month follow-up and ten eyes on the 6-month follow-up experienced recurrence of macular edema requiring retreatment. No serious ocular and systemic adverse events were observed. In patients with persistent DME, switching to intravitreal dexamethasone implant injection provides functional and anatomical improvement, and might be an effective therapeutic option for long-standing diffuse DME.     

曲安奈德辅助玻璃体切割及常规玻璃体切割治疗弥漫性糖尿病黄斑水肿临床疗效观察

目的 对比研究曲安奈德辅助玻璃体切割与单纯玻璃体切割手术治疗弥漫性糖尿病黄斑水肿的临床效果.方法 回顾性收集2004年6月至2007年9月因弥漫性糖尿病黄斑水肿性行玻璃体切割治疗的29只眼28例病人,分为:单纯玻璃体切割及TA辅助玻璃体切割两组.所有患者均严格控制血糖、血压,术前均详细检查视力、眼压、裂隙灯、检眼镜眼底、荧光血管造影(FFA)、光学相干断层扫描(OCT),分别记录术前术后1月、3月、6月、12月视力及黄斑厚度,进行对比,并观察手术后并发症,全部患者术后平均随访(13.8±1.2)月,结果所有患者均顺利进行玻璃体手术治疗,单纯玻璃体切割组:术前患者平均视力0.15±0.09,术后1月、3月、6月、12月平均视力0.13±0.08、0.16±0.11、0.22±0.09、0.26±0.12,术前黄斑厚度平均OCT值(434±121)μm,术后1月、3月、6月、12月平均OCT值为(358±108)μm、(322±86)μm、(284±69)μm、(246±75)μm,TA辅助玻璃体切割组:术前患者平均视力0.13±0.07,术后1月、3月、6月、12月平均视力0.12±0.06、0.15±0.09、0.21±0.11、0.24±0.10,术前黄斑厚度平均OCT值(452±106)μm,术后1月、3月、6月、12月平均OCT值为(295±113)μm、(276±77)μm、(261±52)μm、(233±58)μm,两组患者术后12月视力均较术前明显提高,有统计学差异,黄斑中心凹厚度变化,各观察时间点均较术前有统计学意义下降.对比两组患者术前术后各观察时间点视力及黄斑中心凹厚度变化显示,TA辅助玻璃体切割组术后早期黄斑中心凹厚度下降程度,较单纯玻璃体切割组明显,有统计学意义.术中TA辅助玻璃体切割组3例出现医源性网膜裂孔,激光封口,无患者术后出现玻璃体出血,虹膜新生血管,视网膜前膜,无患者行白内障手术.结论 两种方法显示,玻璃体切割手术可显著减轻弥漫性糖尿病黄斑水肿并逐步改善患者视功能,TA辅助玻璃体切割手术增加了术中透明玻璃体可视性,有利于后极部玻璃体切除,术后可较快恢复黄斑组织结构,对于手术治疗减轻黄斑水肿机制及手术远期效果还需大样本多中心临床观察.     

Single intravitreal ranibizumab injection in eyes with acute non‐arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy

Background: The aim was to evaluate the effect of a single intravitreal ranibizumab injection in eyes with non‐arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. Methods: Four eyes of four patients comprised the study group. In addition to a standard ocular examination, visual field testing and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness analysis were performed prior to injection and one and three months after the injection. Results: Mean time between visual loss and the intravitreal injection was 7.8 days (range, 2–15 days). The mean age of patients was 58.2 years (range, 45–63 years). After a single dose of ranibizumab injection, all patients experienced a visual gain. Mean visual acuity (VA) was 1.15 ± 0.26 logMar before the injection and improved to 0.37 ± 0.09 logMar at the third post‐injection month. The mean retinal nerve fibre layer thickness measured with spectral domain optical coherence tomography significantly decreased after the injection in all eyes. No complication related to the injections was observed during the following three months. Conclusion: Intravitreal ranibizumab injection may be a treatment option in eyes with non‐arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and a short disease history.