充血性心衰患者血浆内皮素含量变化以及苯那普利对其影响

目的:探讨充血性心衰患者血浆内皮素(ET)的浓度和苯那普利对ET的影响。方法:用放免法测定79例心衰患者血浆ET含量并用苯那普利10mg/d,连服2周观察疗效。结果:心衰患者的血浆ET浓度较对照组明显升高,NYHA心功能Ⅳ级者的ET水平(94.7±20.0)pg/ml较NYHA心功能Ⅱ级(69.5±19.0)pg/ml和NYHA心功能Ⅲ级者(79.2±14.3)pg/ml明显升高(P均<0.01)。左室射血分数(EF)减低者的血浆ET浓度明显升高,经相关分析后,血浆ET浓度与EF呈显著的负相关(r=-0.35,P=0.02)。其中29例患者经苯那普利治疗后,血浆ET浓度由治疗前的(113.7±36.6)pg/ml下降至(81.1±43.1)pg/ml(P<0.001)。结论:ET参与了心衰的发病和病理过程,苯那普利可明显降低心衰患者的血浆ET浓度。     

门脉高压患者降钙素基因相关肽、神经肽y与醛固酮检测及意义

目的研究降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、神经肽y(NPY)与醛固酮(ALD)在门脉高压症发病中的作用.方法应用放射免疫学方法对30例门脉高压症患者、30名正常对照者的血浆以及20例门脉高压症患者的腹水进行CGRP、NPY与ALD的检测.结果门脉高压症组患者血浆CGRP、NPY与ALD水平分别为125.95±35.43pg/ml、88.49±52.51pg/ml及868.5±459.6pg/ml,正常对照组分别为69.14±23.29pg/ml、151.54±38.51pg/ml及306.4±124.3pg/ml,两组差别有显著意义(P＜0.05),腹水组分别为81.83±38.55pg/ml、61.47±28.35pg/ml及216.7±186.1pg/ml.腹水CGRP与正常对照组相比差异无显著意义,腹水NPY与ALD含量低于正常对照组(P＜0.05).其中有腹水者NPY低于无腹水者,而CGRP与ALD水平高于无腹水者(P＜0.05).结论血浆CGRP、NPY与ALD均在肝硬变门脉高压发病的病理生理机制中起作用.     

肝炎后肝硬化患者血浆内皮素的测定及其临床意义

为了解血浆内皮素(ET)水平在肝硬化及其发展中的变化，初步探讨其意义，应用放射免疫均相竞争法测定70例肝炎后肝硬化患血浆ET水平。结果示，(1)血浆ET水平在肝硬化肝功能Chile-Pugh评分分级A患(57．7±4.21．Spg/ml)、B级患(40．7±33．1pg／m1)和C级患(25．2±18．4pg／m1)均明显低于正常人(78．4±21．9pg/ml)(P＜0．01)。B级和c级患均低于A级患(P＜0.01)，C级患低于B级患(P＜0．01)。肝硬化患肝功能Child-Pugh评分分数与血浆ET水平呈负相关(r=-0.465，P＜0．05)。(2)有腹水的肝硬化患血浆ET水平明显低于无腹水的患(33．74±23．9pg/ml vs 52.6±20．3pg／ml，P＜0．01)。(3)肝硬化患血浆ET水平与血清白蛋白水平呈正相关（r=0．446，P<0．05)．与血清胆红素，尿素氧、血浆凝血酶原时间无明显相关。提示血浆ET的减少可能在肝炎后肝硬化体循环血管扩张的维持中起一定作用，是水钠潴留、腹水形成的因素之一。血浆ET水平与肝硬化的严重程度和循环高动力状态有密切关系。     

高血压不同并发症患者血浆内皮素变化及辛伐他汀干预对其影响

目的 了解原发性高血压(EH)不同合并症患者血浆内皮素(ET)浓度的变化及辛伐他汀干预对其影响.方法 入选EH患者149例,根据合并症的不同分为单纯EH组44例,EH合并左心室肥厚(EH-LVH)组40例,EH合并心房颤动(EH-AF)组36例,EH合并腔隙性脑梗死(EH-LI)组29例,同时选择30例健康体检者作为对照.149例EH患者按血压水平随机分为常规治疗组(主要应用钙拮抗剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、利尿剂、β受体阻滞剂等药治疗8周)和辛伐他汀干预组(常规治疗+辛伐他汀40 mg/d),药物治疗前后检测血浆内皮素.结果 (1)EH组ET浓度高于对照组[(71.42±6.62)pg/ml对(45.52±8.28)pg/ml,P<0.01]并与血压升高程度呈正相关(r=0.746,P<0.001),EH-LVH组、EH-AF组、EH-LI组ET浓度均高于EH组[(97.67±10.53)pg/ml、(102.15±12.96)pg/ml、(103.49±9.91)pg/ml对(71.42±6.62)pg/ml,P<0.01],ET浓度变化均与血压升高程度呈正相关(r=0.671,r=0.592,r=0.530,P均<0.001).(2)EH-AF组左心房内径与ET浓度呈正相关(r=0.684,P<0.001);EH-LVH组的左心室质量指数与ET浓度呈正相关(r=0.545,P<0.001).(3)EH-LVH组、EH-AF组、EH-LI组的3级高血压所占的百分比均高于EH组.(4)EH 3级辛伐他汀干预组治疗后血压水平较常规治疗组下降更为显著(P<0.05).(5)EH 2级辛伐他汀干预组治疗后ET水平较常规治疗组显著降低(P<0.05),EH 3级辛伐他汀干预组和常规治疗组治疗后ET水平均显著降低(P<0.05),但辛伐他汀干预组下降更为显著(P<0.05).结论 ET水平与EH的严重程度呈正相关,辛伐他汀干预能更显著降低EH患者ET水平和EH3级患者的血压,提示对EH患者在使用降压药物控制血压的同时合用他汀类药物可能更有益.     

心力衰竭患者内皮素及降钙素基因相关肽的改变

目的　探讨充血性心力衰竭 (CHF)患者血浆内皮素 (ET )和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)含量及其在CHF发生、发展中的作用。方法　采用放射免疫分析法测定 42例CHF患者血浆ET及CGRP的水平。结果　对照组的血浆ET和CGRP分别为 (5 0 .83± 7.5 0 )pg/ml及 (5 6 .77± 16 .0 6 ) pg/ml;CHF患者的血浆ET和CGRP分别为 (5 9.71± 17.2 6 )pg/ml及 (46 .5 2± 12 .2 9)pg/ml,与对照组比较 ,CHF患者的血浆ET显著增高 ,CGRP显著降低 ,且与心力衰竭的严重程度相关 ,经强心、利尿、扩血管等综合治疗 ,心功能改善后 ,CHF患者的血浆ET降低 ,CGRP升高。结论　CHF患者的血浆ET含量增高 ,CGRP含量降低 ,且与病情严重程度相关 ,与治疗前相比 ,心力衰竭纠正后 ,ET降低 ,CGRP升高。提示ET和CGRP在CHF的发生和发展中具有重要作用     

肝肺综合征患者降钙素基因相关肽及内皮素含量检测

目的　肝肺综合征 (HPS)的发生与血循环或肺内扩张 /收缩血管物质失衡密切相关。检测HPS患者血浆中降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)和内皮素 (ET)含量 ,以探讨它们在HPS发病中的作用。方法　选择经肺灌注扫描及血气分析诊断的HPS患者 16例 ,无HPS的肝硬化患者 30例 ,用放射免疫分析法测定其血浆CGRP、ET含量 ,同时以 15名健康献血员作为对照。结果　HPS组血浆CGRP[(6 5± 15 )pg/ml]、ET[(78± 2 1) pg/ml]显著高于肝硬化组 [(5 1± 15 ) pg/ml,(6 0± 14 ) pg/ml,P <0 .0 1],也显著高于对照组 [(32± 12 ) pg/ml,(36± 11)pg/ml,P <0 .0 1];肝硬化组与正常对照组比较差异也有显著性(P <0 .0 1)。线性相关分析显示 ,HPS组患者血浆CGRP及ET含量与动脉血氧分压呈显著负相关 ,与肺内分流率大小无关。结论　HPS患者血浆CGRP、ET含量增高 ,其增高可能与HPS肺内血管扩张和动脉血氧分压下降有关。     

慢性肝病患者血浆内皮素水平变化的研究

探讨内皮素(ET)在慢性肝病患者中的变化规律.采用非平衡竞争性放射免疫法测定血浆中ET水平.128例慢性肝病患者中的ET水平分别为慢性轻度肝炎(50.46±32.74)pg/ml;慢性中度肝炎(51.16±30.69)pg/ml;慢性重度肝炎(63.61±24.86)pg/ml;肝硬化代偿期(43.78±18.97)pg/ml;肝硬化失代偿期(79.29±14.02)pg/ml;肝癌(77.00±59.20)pg/ml.各型慢性肝病的El水平与正常(32.33±3.70)pg/nl比较有显著性升高(P＜0.01).各型之间有显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论 ET随着肝脏损害程度加重而升高,与肝病的慢性化程度相关,ET越高,预后越差.     

糖尿病伴高血压患者血浆心肌营养素-1的变化及作用

目的探讨糖尿病伴高血压患者血浆心肌营养素-1(CT-1)的变化及作用.方法应用生物素-链霉亲和素酶联免疫吸附测定法(BSA-ELISA)测定35名正常健康人、25例2型糖尿病患者及57例2型糖尿病伴高血压患者血浆CT-1水平.结果3组间血浆CT-1水平差异有显著性,糖尿病伴高血压组血浆CT-1水平(269.3±65.3)pg/mL显著高于2型糖尿病组(99.5±27.2)pg/mL及正常对照组(31.5±9.7)pg/mL(P＜0.001);2型糖尿病组高于正常组(P＜0.05).Pearson相关分析结果显示血浆CT-1水平与收缩压(r=0.660,P＜0.001)、舒张压(r=0.428,P＜0.001)、甘油三酯(r=0.403,P＜0.001)、载脂蛋白B(r=0.335,P＜0.001)、载脂蛋白A(r=0.189,P＜0.001)、总胆固醇(r=0.183,P＜0.05)、低密度脂蛋白(r=0.171,P＜0.05)相关.多元逐步回归分析发现影响血浆CT-1水平的最显著因素为收缩压、舒张压及载脂蛋白B.结论糖尿病患者血浆CT-1水平升高表明糖尿病发生发展过程中已开始有心血管病变的进行,糖尿病伴高血压患者更为明显.     

高血压不同并发症患者血浆内皮素变化及辛伐他汀干预对其影响

Objective To observe the association between plasma endothelin (ET) concentration and blood pressure level in essential hypertensive (EH) patients with or without complications and possible impact of statins on ET concentration. Methods From Sep 2007 to Mar 2009, 149 patients with EH were analyzed [44 EH, 40 EH complicated by left ventricular hypertrophy (EH-LVH), 36 EH complicated by atrial fibrillation (EH-AF), and 29 EH complicated by lacunar infarction (EH-LI)], 30 healthy persons were selected as controls. EH patients were randomly divided into routine treatment group (calcium antagonists, ACEI, diuretics, β-receptor blocker for 8 weeks) and simvastatin intervention group (routine treatment + simvastatin 40 mg/d for 8 weeks), plasma ET concentrations before and after drug intervention were measured. Results (1) ET concentration was higher in EH group than that in control group[ (71.42 ±6.62) pg/ml vs. (45.52±8.28) pg/ml, P < 0.01 ]. ET concentration was higher in EH-LVH group, EH-AF group and EH-LI group than that in EH group [ (97.67±10.53) pg/ml, (102.15±12.96 ) pg/ml, (103.49±9.91) pg/ml vs. (71.42±6.62) pg/ml, P<0.01]. The degrees of elevated blood pressure was positively correlated with ET concentrations(all P < 0.001). (2) The left atrial diameters of EH-AF group were positively correlated with ET concentration (r = 0.684, P < 0.001). The left ventricular mass index of EH-LVH group were positively correlated with ET concentration (r = 0.545, P < 0.001). (3) The percentages of class 3 hypertension in EH-LVH group, EH-AF group and EH-LI group were higher than that in EH group (57.5%, 50.0%, 62.1% vs. 25,0% ,all P <0.05). (4) Blood pressure in class 3 hypertension patient treated with simvastatin decreased more significantly than that in routine treatment group(P <0.05). (5)ET concentration of class 2 hypertension patient treated with simvastatin decreased significantly than that in routine treatment group(P < 0.05). ET concentrations of class 3 hypertension patient treated with simvastatin and routine treatment patient decreased significantly after treatment (P < 0.05), and the former was lower (P < 0.05). Conclusion The level of ET were positively correlated with the severity of EH. Simvastatin could decrease the ET levels of patients with EH and blood pressure levels of patients with class 3 hypertension. It suggested that therapeutic alliance of antihypertensive drugs and statins could be benefit to patients with EH.     

心衰患者伴肝脏肿大时血浆内皮素水平的变化

检测24例重度心衰(NYHAⅢ～Ⅳ)患者和20例健康对照者的血浆内皮素(ET)浓度,发现前者明显高于后者(102.4±26.3pg/ml,55.5±17.4pg/ml,P<0.001)。心衰病人伴肝大者(n=11)较无肝大者(n=13)血浆ET浓度显著降低(82.8±13.6pg/ml,121.5±21.1pg/ml,P<0.001)。其机制可能是钠水潴留致ET浓度稀释。     

State of knowledge of helminth fauna of freshwater fishes of Poland

A total 89 fish and lamprey species has been recorded from Polish freshwater habitats. Twenty-seven of them (30.3%) have not been surveyed for parasitic helminthes. Some of the latter fishes are either rare or not easily accessible. Other live only in specific habitats in scattered localities. An important obstacle for studying parasite faunas of some fishes may be their status on an endangered species. Among the non-surveyed fishes, are those which have been relatively recently introduced to Poland or migrated there on their own. The present paper attempts to review all hitherto not studied helminthologically fish species, their habitats, localities and current protection status.     

高血压降压治疗目标的再认识

根据传统的高血压水平的定义,1993年WHO高血压治疗指南提出血压控制目标为<140/90mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa),但是并非所有患者都必须将血压降至同一水平,而应根据患者情况进行个体化治疗。Framingham进行的一项长达10～12年的心血管事件研究发现,第5年后,正常上限血压[收缩压(SBP     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.