5.12汶川地震德阳地区伤员救治体会

回顾分析我院震后10天内收治的1 466例伤员救治情况,反映出组织、指挥在大批量伤员的救治中的重要性,提出平时应急演练是灾难救援的基础,建立创伤救治体系足今后灾难医学救援的发展方向.     

Diagnostic errors in the echography of the hip in newborns

Neonatal hip sonography according to Graf employs a standardized image in a frontal section plane ("3-point system") and a good scanner adjustment (the femoral head must be anechoic, like the hyaline cartilage roof triangle). Pathologic conditions can change some of these parameters. The authors examined 6,000 neonatal hips in order to point out the commonest causes of diagnostic error. Two types of error were considered: method errors and interpretation errors. Method errors: they are due to the choice of transducer and frequency, to scanner adjustment and definition of the standard section plane. Their incidence was 2.25% and supported by an uncorrect definition of the standard section plane. Interpretation errors: they come from the wrong localization of some reference points--i.e., lower iliac margin, labrum--, uncorrect evaluation of increased echogenicity of the cartilaginous roof, infant age, application of radiographic criteria and uncorrect measurements of alpha and beta angles. Interpretation errors had 5.5% incidence; they were all due to the uncorrect measurement of alpha (3.18%) and beta (2.33%) angles, especially in pathological hips (68%). To reduce the number of errors, the authors suggest to strictly apply Graf's method, to make a diagnosis based on the morphological changes of the cartilaginous and osseous acetabular roof and, only later on, to measure alpha and beta angles to confirm the diagnosis or in the follow-up.     

踝关节过度运动损伤的影像评估

踝关节过度运动损伤是常见的下肢损伤,包括骨损伤、骨软骨损伤、关节撞击综合征及肌腱、韧带损伤。上述损伤早期症状不明显,正确选择影像检查方法是早期发现损伤、评估损伤程度及指导治疗的重要环节。笔者结合典型影像图片对常见踝关节过度运动损伤的影像特点及损伤分型进行论述。     

Changes in the lymphatic system in the crush syndrome]

In vivo indirect electrolymphoroentgenography was conducted to study the reaction of lymphatics during prolonged compression syndrome (PCS). The studies were made on white rats, Wistar-line, males. It was found out that the early period of clinical course of PCS was characterized by lymphostasis. The intermediate period of PCS corresponds to the stage of the collateral lymphokinesis. At the edge of intermediate and late period of PCS the electrolymphoroentgenogram shows the removal of lymphostasis and recovery of main lymphokinesis.     

MRI in the diagnosis of cartilage injury in the wrist

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the accuracy of MRI in identifying articular cartilage abnormalities in the distal radius, scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum of patients with wrist pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-six MRI examinations of the wrist in 85 patients (41 indirect MR arthrograms and 45 unenhanced [nonarthrographic] MR images) were evaluated. The study population consisted of 47 male (54.7%) and 38 female (45.3%) patients with an average age of 37.5 years (range, 7-62 years). Three experienced musculoskeletal radiologists who were unaware of surgical findings retrospectively evaluated the MRI examinations for cartilage abnormalities in the distal radius, scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum. All patients underwent arthroscopy of the radiocarpal joint with inspection of the articular surfaces of the distal radius, scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum. The articular cartilage was evaluated on the basis of the 5-point scale of the Outerbridge classification system. RESULTS: When at least two of the three radiologists had concordant interpretations, sensitivity for abnormalities in the distal radius was 27%; the scaphoid, 31%; the lunate, 41%; and the triquetrum, 18%. Specificity for the distal radius was 91%; the scaphoid, 90%; the lunate, 75%; and the triquetrum, 93%. Weighted kappa values among the three observers showed only fair agreement (0.279-0.360). High-grade more extensive cartilage lesions were no more accurately identified than low-grade lesions. Indirect MR arthrograms were not statistically more sensitive, specific, or accurate than unenhanced studies. No bone was more frequently or less frequently graded correctly or incorrectly with statistical significance. The variables of sex, age, and the presence of multiple bones with lesions did not affect accuracy. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that MRI of the wrist with the techniques described is not adequately sensitive or accurate for diagnosing cartilage defects in the distal radius, scaphoid, lunate, or triquetrum.     

应用图象定量分析研究大肠癌的血管生成

目的：探讨血管生成与大肠癌的发生、发展的关系，评估图象定量分析系统在对血管生成程度（MVD值）分析的应用价值。方法：取45例大肠癌石蜡标本和10例正常大肠组织标本，以抗Ⅷ因子相关抗原抗体对所选的标本的血管内皮细胞进行免疫组化染色，应用计算机图象分析系统和人工计数的方法测定微血管密度。结果：微血管人工计数和图象定量分析均反映，在正常大肠组织、大肠癌组织之间血管生成程度有明显的差别，并且MVD值与大肠癌的临床分期、转移有关。结论：血管生成是大肠癌的发生、发展的一个重要阶段，应用图象定量分析系统可以更精确、更客观地对血管生成程度进行评估。     

Thermography findings in the hands in relation to the age of the examined individual

The authors compared thermographic findings of hands in two groups of apprentices (average age 15 and 16 years) with a group of students (average age 21 years) and a group of young workers (average age 29 years). There was a highly significant difference in the number of cold hands before and after vibration test in the apprentices and adults (29 years). The authors arrive at the conclusion that 1) thermoregulation reaches its final shape only after 20 years of age, 2) in the apprensitive thermographic finding must be verified by regular thermographic control examinations.     

MRI in the assessment of the supportive soft tissues of the cervical spine in acute trauma in children

We carried out a retrospective analysis of imaging and clinical findings in 52 children with a history of cervical spinal trauma. No patient had evidence of a fracture on plain films or CT. All had MRI at 1.5 T because of persistent or delayed symptoms, unexplained findings of injury or instability, or as further assessment of the extent of soft-tissue injury. Clinical follow-up ranged from 6 months to 3.5 years. MRI was evaluated for its influence on therapy and outcome. MRI was positive in 16 (31 %) of 52 patients. Posterior soft-tissue or ligamentous injury was the most common finding in the 10 patients with mild to moderate trauma, while acute disc bulges and longitudinal ligament disruption, each seen in one case, were uncommon. MRI was superior to CT for assessment of the extent of soft-tissue injury and for identification of spinal cord injuries and intracanalicular hemorrhage in the six patients with more severe trauma. MRI specifically influenced the management of all four patients requiring surgery by extending the level of posterior stabilization. No patients with normal MRI or any of the 10 with radiographically stable soft-tissue injury on MRI, developed delayed clinical or radiographic evidence of instability or deformity. Received: 5 August 1997 Accepted: 13 October 1997     

影响体外受精-胚胎移植临床妊娠的因素分析

目的 :探讨IVF -ET中影响临床妊娠率的因素。方法 :对 149例不孕夫妇 16 0周期IVF -ET治疗的资料进行回顾性分析。结果 :妊娠组与非妊娠组的女性患者平均年龄、使用促性腺激素 (Gn)量、移植优质胚胎数、移植后移植管带血率有显著性差异 ,P <0 0 5 ;两组的使用Gn天数、取卵数、hCC日子宫内膜厚度及类型、移植胚胎数、原发性不孕率、移植时困难度、血清免疫性抗体阳性率均无显著性差异 ,P >0 0 5。结论 :女性年龄、优质胚胎移植数目、移植后移植管带血是影响IVF -ET成功的重要因素。     

Secondary changes in the bones of the foot in lupus vulgaris

The case of a seventy-year old lady is presented who, forty-five years ago, had dermal tuberculosis of the left lower limb and foot. After removal of the infected skin areas with an electric cauter the patient developed massive skin indurations, besides the typical scarification. Actual X-rays showed a decrease in seize of metatarsal bones and digits without lytic or porotic signs. Furthermore, dorsal luxation of the digits was visible. These alterations were interpreted as secondary bone remodelling resulting from long-term traction due to the extensive scarring.