比色法测定黄芪总皂苷的含量

目的：建立黄芪总皂苷的含量测定方法。方法：采用比色法测定黄芪总皂苷。结果：总皂苷在0.06～0.6 mg范围内具有良好的线性关系（R=0.9998）,回收率为98.25%,RSD为0.44%。结论：该方法操作简便、快速、有效、灵敏、准确、具有良好的重复性和回收率,可作为黄芪总皂苷的含量测定方法。     

固相萃取-比色法测定扶正注射剂中黄芪总皂苷的含量

目的确定扶正注射剂中黄芪总皂苷的含量测定方法。方法采用固相萃取(SPE)柱色谱法除去干扰成分,以5%香草醛冰醋酸溶液和高氯酸为显色剂,测定波长为571nm,比色法测定扶正注射剂中黄芪总皂苷的含量。结果SPE-比色法测定的线性范围为29.5~235.2μg/mL,相关系数r=0.999 8;平均回收率为99.28%,RSD为0.92%(n=9)。结论本法简便,准确,灵敏度高,重复性好,此方法可用于扶正注射剂的质量控制。      

黄芪饮片中黄芪皂苷Ⅰ、黄芪皂苷Ⅲ和黄芪甲苷的含量测定分析

目的:探讨黄芪饮片中黄芪皂苷Ⅰ 、黄芪皂苷Ⅲ和黄芪甲苷的含量测定方法和结果.方法:本次医学研究对黄芪饮片中黄芪皂苷Ⅰ 、黄芪皂苷Ⅲ和黄芪甲苷的含量进行了测定 ,并对各类成分对于黄芪饮片药效峰面积的影响进行了分析.结果:黄芪饮片药物治疗效果的发挥 ,会直接受到黄芪皂苷Ⅰ 、黄芪皂苷Ⅲ和黄芪甲苷等含量的影响.结论:对黄芪饮片中黄芪皂苷Ⅰ 、黄芪皂苷Ⅲ和黄芪甲苷的含量进行分析 ,有助于提高药物治疗效果.     

不同生长年限黄芪中总皂苷、黄芪甲苷、总黄酮及多糖含量比较

[目的]比较不同生长年限黄芪中总皂苷、黄芪甲苷、总黄酮及多糖的含量.[方法]采用比色法测定黄芪中总皂苷、总黄酮及多糖的含量,采用薄层扫描法测定黄芪中黄芪甲苷的含量.[结果]1,2,3年生黄芪中总皂苷的含量分别为0.793,0.803,0.991mg/g,黄芪甲苷分别为0.163,0.170,0.203mg/g,总黄酮分别为0.303,0.353,0.527mg/g,多糖分别为32.12,23.42,16.68mg/g.[结论]不同生长年限黄芪中主要成分含量差异较大,随着生长年限的增加,黄芪中的总皂苷、总黄酮及黄芪甲苷含量均增高,而多糖含量则降低.     

HPLC-ELSD法测定黄芪中黄芪皂苷Ⅲ、黄芪皂苷Ⅳ的含量

目的建立HPLC-ELSD法测定黄芪中黄芪皂苷Ⅲ和黄芪皂苷Ⅳ的含量。方法采用Dimonsil C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,乙腈—水为流动相梯度洗脱,流速为1 mL·min-1,柱温为30℃;ELSD参数:漂移管温度为100℃,空气流速为2.5 L·min-1,撞击器关闭。结果黄芪皂苷Ⅲ在进样量范围为0.016~1.150μg时,进样量的自然对数与峰面积积分值的自然对数成良好线性关系(r=0.999 2),平均回收率为98.09%,RSD为1.02%(n=6)。黄芪皂苷Ⅳ在进样量范围为0.093~0.816μg时,进样量的自然对数与峰面积积分值的自然对数成良好线性关系(r=0.999 3),平均回收率为97.39%,RSD为1.13%(n=6)。结论本方法简便、准确,可用于黄芪的质量控制。     

黄芪总皂苷提取工艺研究

目的研究黄芪总皂苷最佳提取工艺.方法采用正交设计法优选,以黄芪甲苷、黄芪总皂苷和总提取物为检测指标.结果最佳提取条件为:70%乙醇回流提取2次,每次2小时,第1次加8倍量,第2次加6倍量.结论醇提工艺中黄芪甲苷和总皂苷的得率高于水提工艺.     

芪芍方有效部位中黄芪甲苷和黄芪总皂苷质量控制方法的建立

目的建立HPLC-ELSD法测定芪芍方有效部位中黄芪甲苷含量和可见分光光度法测定黄芪总皂苷含量的方法,有效控制芪芍方有效部位质量。方法黄芪甲苷含量测定,采用HPLC-ELSD法,Hypersll-C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水(31:69),流速1.0mL/min,柱温30℃,漂移管温度101℃,空气流速2.7L/min。黄芪总皂苷含量测定,采用可见分光光度法,MCI柱层析技术分离黄芪总皂苷类,再经反相C18固相萃取小柱纯化,5%香草醛冰醋酸溶液和高氯酸为显色剂,于543nm处测定。结果HPLC法及可见分光光度法中,黄芪甲苷分别在1.30～7.80μg、0.0108～0.065g/L的范围内呈现良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率分别为95.95%、96.58%,RSD分别为2.46%、2.28%。结论本试验建立的方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于芪芍方有效部位中黄芪皂苷类的质量控制。     

正北芪中总皂苷的鉴别与含量测定

目的：鉴别正北芪中皂苷类成分并测定总皂苷含量。方法：用甲醇提取黄芪皂苷，AB-8大孔树脂吸附纯化，以香草醛-浓硫酸比色法于540nm波长处测定总皂苷含量。结果：在6．75～33．75μg／ml浓度范围内吸光度与皂苷含量呈线性关系(r=0．9983，n=5)。平均回收率为98．37％，RSD=1．12％。正北芪中总皂苷含量为8．78mg／g。结论：此法简便易行，结果可靠。     

黄芪注射液浓缩液微乳的制备及其体外释放实验评价研究

目的:制备黄芪注射液浓缩液微乳,并对其质量及体外释放进行评价。方法:采用伪三元相图法,结合稳定性考察,优选处方;采用HPLC法测定黄芪注射液浓缩液微乳中黄芪甲苷的含量;采用紫外分光光度法测定黄芪总皂苷的含量,并对微乳的类型、载药量、体外释放等进行考察。结果:优选黄芪注射液浓缩液微乳处方为:OP为乳化剂,丙三醇为助乳化剂,油酸乙酯为油相,四者比例为4∶4∶2∶2.58。线性范围:0.0041456~0.0404560 mg/ml,r=0.9991,平均回收率为96.60%,RSD为0.76%。平均载药量:黄芪总皂苷含量为13.54 mg/ml,黄芪甲苷含量为0.3885 mg/ml。微乳在24 h内缓慢释放。结论:该剂型稳定,方法简单,重现性好;体外释放有一定程度的缓释作用。     

黄芪散中黄芪的质量控制

目的：建立黄芪散黄芪药材中皂苷类成分及毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷的质量控制方法。方法以毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、黄芪甲苷为对照品,采用HPLC法、HPLC-ELSD法、UV法控制黄芪散中黄芪的质量。结果采用HPLC法及HPLC-ELSD法测定毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、黄芪甲苷的质量分数,各有效成分完全分离,峰面积与其质量浓度分别在0.68~4.52μg、1.96~9.8μg范围内呈良好的线性关系,加样回收率分别是98.85%、98.43%,RSD分别是1.08%、1.31%( n=6)。采用UV法测定黄芪散中总皂苷的质量分数,吸光度与其对照品的质量浓度在4.9~49.0μg范围内呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为97．90%,RSD为1.35%( n=6)。结论本方法准确、简便、重复性好,可较好控制黄芪散中皂苷类成分及毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷的质量。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.