踝部B型、C型骨折的手术治疗

目的：讨论踝部B型，C型骨折手术治疗的重要性，方法：手术复位，内固定外踝，骨踝或后踝骨折，有胫腓关节分离者用长螺钉或骨栓固定，以维持踝穴的稳定，结果：全部病例随访2年以上，均获得骨性愈合，优良率达96．67％，结论：解剖复位外踝和稳定下胫腓关节对踝关节的稳定和防止发生创伤性关节炎具有重要.意义。     

手术治疗严重闭合性踝关节骨折及脱位

[目的]探讨外科手术治疗严重闭合性踝关节骨折及脱位的手术操作技巧,总结其临床疗效。[方法]回顾性分析本院2005年6月～2010年12月行骨折切开复位内固定手术治疗的103例严重闭合性踝关节骨折及脱位患者,男76例,女27例;年龄18～71岁,平均40.8岁。根据Lauge-Hanson分型:旋前-外旋型18例,旋前-外展型27例,旋后-外旋型46例,旋后-内收型12例。合并后踝骨折38例,合并下胫腓联合分离48例。受伤至手术时间5～15 d。术前101例行跟骨骨牵引,78例行踝关节CT平扫及三维重建。[结果]98例患者得到随访,随访时间6～56个月,平均20.5个月。骨折愈合时间12～24周。1例下胫腓固定患者在术后第24周随访时发生固定钉断裂,于术后12个月完整取出;47例下胫腓固定钉于术后12周单独取出。所有患者于术后12～18个月完整取出内固定装置。术后发生创伤性关节炎2例,未发生感染、骨不连、骨折畸形愈合的并发症。末次随访疗效评定根据美国足踝外科评分系统评定疗效:优48例,良31例,中16例,差3例,优良率80.6%。[结论]术前准确及全面的评估,正确的手术入路及方法,术中精确及牢固的解剖复位固定是...     

后踝骨折钢板内固定治疗16例临床疗效分析

目的探讨一种有效内固定后踝骨折的方法使踝关节能够早期功能锻炼,恢复踝关节功能。方法 2007年1月至2009年12月收治三踝骨折中的后踝骨折患者16例行钢板内固定,手术疗效做回顾性分析总结。16例患者,男10例,女6例;年龄19～70岁,平均55岁。车祸伤2例,重物砸伤2例,高处坠落伤10例,扭伤2例。闭合性骨折14例,开放性骨折2例。按Denis-Weber的AO分型,B型10例,C型6例。结果 16例患者均得到较完整的随访,随访时间为6～18个月,平均12个月。按Leeds标准进行功能评定,优15例,良1例,优良率100%。结论良好的复位和坚强的内固定是踝关节早期功能锻炼的必要条件之一。     

手术治疗涉及后踝的踝关节骨折

目的 探讨涉及后踝的踝关节骨折的手术方法及临床疗效.方法手术治疗36例涉及后踝骨折的踝关节骨折患者.结果 36例均获随访,时间12～21个月.骨折愈合时间10～16周.根据美国足与踝关节协会（AOFAS）评分：优19例,良13例,可4例,优良率为88.9%.结论 根据骨折类型选择手术方式和固定方法,切开复位内固定治疗涉及后踝的踝关节骨折,可保证踝关节获得解剖复位,最大限度地恢复踝关节功能.     

Early weight bearing after posterior malleolar fractures: An experimental and prospective clinical study

The distribution of axial load to the lower end of the tibia at different positions of the ankle joint for the anterior, middle, and posterior part of the joint was studied in both photoelastic models and fractured ankle joints in cadaveric specimens. Synthetic models were used to simulate both normal ankle joints and ankles with fractures of the posterior lip of the tibia. Tests were performed with the ankle at dorsiflexed, neutral-flexed, and plantarflexed positions of the ankle joint. The clinical portion of the study evaluated 15 patients with fracture of the posterior malleolus that comprised 0% to 33% of the articular surface. All patients had open reduction and internal fixation through a posterolateral or posteromedial approach, and were allowed full weight bearing in a cast within 7 days of surgery. In the simulated models, the posterior one fourth of the ankle joint remains unloaded in the majority of the cases. The stresses are greatly increased when the load is doubled and are mainly distributed to the 2 central quadrants. With additional axial load, the fourth quadrant sustained little increase in the load bearing. All patients have had an uneventful recovery. By the second postoperative month, they were able to walk normally and had a painless range of motion of the ankle. By the third month, all patients were able to undertake their daily activities, and all fractures were consolidated. The clinical relevance of this study is early weight bearing, after open reduction internal fixation of posterior malleolar fracture of the ankle joint, facilitates recovery, promotes fracture union, and allows the patient to assume normal activity by the third month after surgery.     

三角韧带损伤在旋后一外旋型踝关节骨折治疗中的意义

背景：旋后-外旋型踝关节骨折临床常见,三角韧带是否损伤是判定损伤严重程度与影响预后的重要因素。同时三角韧带是否修补与如何修补一直是大家争论的问题。目的：探讨三角韧带的解剖与组织特性,探讨损伤之后的诊断与治疗方法。方法：新鲜尸体标本10具,将内踝与距骨内侧结节之间的软组织由浅至深逐层解剖,胫后肌腱深层部分送检,HE染色后显微镜观察。记录2007年1月至2008年12月,旋后-外旋踝关节损伤患者40例的临床资料。结果：位于胫后肌腱深层的软组织,无论大体解剖还是显微结构,均分为两层、表面是胫后肌腱腱鞘鞘膜,深层是位于内踝后丘与距骨结节之间的三角韧带,宽10．8±1．5mm,长10．4±1．9mm,厚6．4±0．5mm。40例患者没有内侧切开处理三角韧带,随访终点结果良好。结论：三角韧带损伤临床常见,建议必要的辅助检查,分清内踝前丘、后丘与三角韧带的损伤情况。选择合适的手术方式,恢复踝关节的稳定性与关节面平整。     

Medial and Lateral Rotatory Dislocations of the Ankle After Trivial Trauma—Pathomechanics and Management of Two Cases

Pure frontal plane rotatory dislocation of the ankle joint without an associated fracture is an extremely rare injury. We report one such case of an eversion rotatory dislocation and one case of an inversion rotatory dislocation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an eversion injury resulting in dislocation of the ankle without fracture. Both patients had low energy trauma, predisposing ligamentous injuries, and recurrent sprains. In the patient with lateral rotatory dislocation, medial malleolar hypoplasia was also a contributing factor. Both patients healed the presenting index injury with nonoperative treatment, whereas the lateral rotatory dislocation had a lateral ankle stabilization to prevent subsequent injury.     

不稳定踝关节骨折手术疗效相关因素Logistic回归分析

[目的]探讨不稳定性踝关节骨折手术疗效的相关因素。[方法]回顾性分析本院2002年1月～2009年6月经手术治疗的不稳定性踝关节骨折患者103例,根据Mazur踝关节症状与功能评分标准,分为术后踝关节功能优良组82例,可、差组21例。采用非条件Logistic回归分析可能影响术后踝关节功能的因素。[结果]单因素分析显示年龄(t=3.01,P=0.003)、骨折类型(x2=8.61,P=0.013)、受伤到治疗时间(t=2.93,P=0.004)和手术方式(x2=8.14,P=0.047)与术后踝关节功能有关;非条件Logistic回归分析显示年龄(OR=11.87,P=0.040)、手术方式(OR=0.15,P=0.004)是影响踝关节术后功能的独立因素。[结论]影响踝关节骨折术后功能的主要因素为年龄和手术方式,因此,根据患者骨折情况选择恰当的手术方式是避免术后踝关节功能不良的关键。     

关节镜下治疗踝关节骨折脱位术后踝关节撞击综合征

目的探讨关节镜下治疗踝关节骨折脱位术后踝关节撞击综合征的方法及疗效。方法 2008年3月-2010年4月,收治38例踝关节骨折脱位术后发生踝关节撞击综合征的患者。男28例,女10例;年龄18～42岁,平均28岁。患者内固定术后至该次入院时间为12～16个月,平均13.8个月。踝关节前外侧和前侧有局限性压痛;关节背伸—20～—5°,平均—10.6°;跖屈30～40°,平均35.5°。根据美国矫形足踝协会(AOFAS)踝与后足评分标准,总分为(48.32±9.24)分,疼痛评分为(7.26±1.22)分。X线片检查示胫骨前缘和距骨均有骨赘增生,MRI显示22例有胫、距关节软骨面损伤。关节镜下行胫骨前缘或距骨骨赘磨削,刨削清理前外踝的瘢痕和增生滑膜组织,清除剥脱软骨;其中22例胫、距关节软骨面损伤者行微骨折术治疗。结果术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。38例均获随访,随访时间10～26个月,平均16个月。末次随访时,26例踝关节活动基本恢复正常,背伸达15～25°,平均19.6°;跖屈35～45°,平均40.7°。8例轻度受限,背伸5～15°,平均7.2°;跖屈35～45°,平均39.5°。4例持续行走3～4 h后踝关节出现疼痛,关节活动轻度受限,背伸0～5°,平均2.6°;跖屈35～40°,平均37.5°。AOFAS踝与后足评分总分为(89.45±9.55)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=21.962,P=0.000);疼痛评分为(1.42±1.26)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=16.762,P=0.000)。结论关节镜下治疗踝关节骨折脱位术后踝关节撞击综合征手术操作简便,可获得较好疗效。     

Foresight交锁髓内钉在踝关节骨折中的应用

目的探讨ForesigHT交锁髓内钉治疗踝部骨折的临床疗效。方法对我院2006年5月至2008年1月的18例踝关节骨折（AO分型B型和C1型）的患者应用该交锁髓内钉治疗并进行随访。结果经过6～24个月的随访,18例患者全部骨性愈合,2例患者出现浅表皮肤的感染,二次清创后伤口愈合,1例患者出现创伤性关节炎,采用Baird-Jackson评分系统进行评分,其中优6例,良9例,可2例,差1例,优良率达到了83%。结论正确应用Fore-sigHT交锁髓内钉并严格掌握其适应证治疗B型和C1型踝关节骨折是一种简单、安全、有效的微创手术方法。     

Closed posterior dislocation of the ankle without fracture

Closed posterior dislocation of the ankle without a fracture is a rare injury. We are reporting a case in a young male on his motorbike, being hit at the right ankle from behind. The mechanisms of injury along with MRI findings are being discussed.     

Weber-B型踝关节骨折修复下胫腓前韧带的生物力学研究

目的评价踝关节骨折修复下胫腓前韧带的生物力学稳定性。方法采集国人新鲜足标本一具,截取踝关节以上15cm下肢小腿横行截断,暴露下胫腓前韧带。载荷实现分级加载,选用小腿极限载荷（踝关节负重力为4.5BW）20%作为生理载荷,即以0、100、200、300、400、500N为分级载荷。万能材料试验机（WD-5）的加载速率为1.40 mm/min,以准静态方式加载,载荷施加于下肢胫腓骨上。并模拟足运动中立位、跖屈位（30°）、背屈位（20°）、旋后外旋位等四种生理运动状况,正常足及切除下胫腓前韧带测定踝关节的应力变化、距骨的移位变化及轴向刚度数据。结果标本在正常足及切断下胫腓前韧带的不同功能位上,踝关节的应力变化、距骨的移位变化及轴向刚度,统计学有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论在对内、外踝满意固定后,下胫腓前韧带的修复能更好恢复踝关节的生物弹性,最大限度恢复其原来的结构和功能,避免晚期创伤性关节炎的发生。     

一种特殊类型的Maisonneuve损伤的诊断和治疗

目的:报道一种特殊类型的Maisonneuve损伤的诊断和治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院骨科自2015年1月至2019年7月收治的4例Maisonneuve损伤患者资料。男3例,女1例;年龄34~61岁,平均45.3岁;患者均为闭合性损伤。所有患者初始X线片表现为踝关节后脱位,手法复位后复查X线...     

Isolated Dislocation of the Posterior Tibial Tendon in an Amateur Snowboarder: A Case Report

Isolated dislocation of the posterior tibial tendon is an uncommon pathologic entity that typically occurs in the setting of acute trauma. The diagnosis remains challenging and is often delayed second to the rarity of the injury and symptoms similar to that of medial ankle sprains and other routinely diagnosed injuries about the ankle. The factors that predispose this tendon to dislocation include a hypoplastic retromalleolar groove, flexor retinaculum insufficiency, chronic repetitive trauma, and a structural abnormality from a previous medial malleolar fracture, or a combination thereof. Dislocation has also been cited as a complication of multiple local steroid injections and tarsal tunnel release. The mechanism of injury appears to involve forced dorsiflexion and eversion of the ankle when the posterior tibial tendon is contracted. Most cases do not respond well to conservative treatment and will require surgery to restore function and eliminate symptoms. We report a case of posterior tibial tendon dislocation related to a snowboarding injury and offer our technique for surgical correction.     

Primary Ankle Arthrodesis for Neglected Open Weber B Ankle Fracture Dislocation

Primary ankle arthrodesis used to treat a neglected open ankle fracture dislocation is a unique decision. A 63-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a 5-day-old open fracture dislocation of his right ankle. After thorough soft tissue debridement, primary arthrodesis of the tibiotalar joint was performed using initial Kirschner wire fixation and an external fixator. Definitive soft tissue coverage was later achieved using a latissimus dorsi free flap. The fusion was consolidated to salvage the limb from amputation. The use of primary arthrodesis to treat a compound ankle fracture dislocation has not been previously described.     

Fracture of the Medial Tubercle of the Posterior Process of the Talus: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearance with Clinical Follow-Up

Fractures of the medial tubercle of the posterior process of the talus are rare injuries. They are often misdiagnosed, resulting in increased morbidity and symptoms of chronic ankle pain and instability. When undetected, these fractures may become displaced, with potential additional injuries such as to the flexor hallucis longus tendon which may become interposed between the fracture fragments. We report a case of a clinically unsuspected fracture of the medial tubercle of the posterior process of the talus seen on magnetic resonance imaging, treated conservatively, with interval satisfactory healing of the fracture at 6 weeks follow-up.     

后路行陈旧性后踝合并腓骨骨折畸形愈合重建的疗效

目的 治疗陈旧性后踝合并腓骨骨折畸形愈合时,总结联合后路行切开复位、重建踝关节的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2015年12月至2021年12月,共收治的18例陈旧性后踝骨折合并腓骨骨折畸形愈合的患者,均经联合后内+后外入路行后踝、腓骨骨折畸形愈合切开复位、并重建踝关节解剖对位;其中男11例,女7例;平均年龄41岁（19～61岁）;初次受伤至最终切开复位术平均间隔10个月（8～30个月）,术前后常规行X线及CT检查以评估骨折复位、踝关节解剖对位及骨折愈合情况,记录并发症发生情况,并应用美国骨科足踝外科协会（AOFAS）踝关节与后足功能评分、VAS疼痛评分及踝关节活动度来评估临床疗效。结果 共11例患者获随访,平均随访32个月（14～48个月）。术后经X光、CT评估,所有患者踝关节解剖对位较术前均有较明显的改善,且力线恢复良好;AOFAS踝关节与后足功能评分从术前平均40分提高到术后平均84分;VAS评分从术前平均5.3分改善到术后1.5分;踝关节活动度从术前平均15°提高到术后平均35°。结论 对于陈旧性后踝合并腓骨骨折畸形愈合患者,联合后路切开解剖复位后踝及腓骨骨折,重建踝关节解剖对位,...     

Split Fracture of the Posteromedial Tubercle of the Talus: Case Report and Proposed Classification System

We describe a rare case of a fracture of the medial tubercle of the posterior process of the talus in a 16-year-old male athlete who fell during basketball practice. The patient presented to our orthopedic clinic when pain and swelling had persisted despite 2 weeks of anti-inflammatory medication and rest. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed a fracture of the posteromedial tubercle of the talus and a small amount of retained fluid in the joint. Immobilization with a below-the-knee cast and non-weightbearing for 4 weeks, with a gradual return to full activity, was successful. At the 1-year follow-up evaluation, the patient expressed no complaints. Fracture of the posteromedial tubercle of the talus will usually result in a misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis owing to the insidious onset of symptoms. We believe the present fracture configuration resulted from the vertical compression force that occurred on landing by posterior medial ankle impingement in plantarflexion-supination, modifying the conventional concept of the posteromedial tubercle fracture. We also present a suggested classification with a flowchart diagram.     

累及后踝的踝关节骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨累及后踝的踝关节骨折的损伤机制、手术方法和治疗效果。方法自2008年7月至2012年3月间,手术治疗累及后踝的踝关节骨折共42例,男30例,女12例,应用Lauge-Hansen分类,旋后外旋型21例,旋前外旋型12例,旋前外展型9例。后踝骨折根据CT分类,Ⅰ型22例,Ⅱ型12例,Ⅲ型8例。后踝骨折根据骨块大小和关节面的塌陷情况,采用后侧支撑钢板或多枚拉力螺钉固定。结果 42例均获随访,随访时间12~24个月,骨折愈合时间10~18周。根据美国足与踝关节协会(American orthopaedic foot and ankle society,AOFAS)评分,优21例,良15例,可6例,优良率为85.7%。结论累及后踝的踝关节骨折,常伴有胫骨远端关节面塌陷和踝关节后脱位或半脱位,根据骨折类型选择手术方式和固定方法,可保证踝关节获得解剖复位,最大限度恢复踝关节功能。