慢性乙肝血清肝纤维化标志物检测临床意义

目的:评价血清肝纤维化标志物(透明质酸、Ⅲ型前胶原、Ⅳ型胶原、层粘蛋白)在诊断慢性乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)患者肝纤维化程度中的价值. 方法:应用放射免疫法检测111例慢性乙肝患者血清肝纤维化标志物:透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(CⅣ)和层粘蛋白(LN);采取肝穿刺活检对肝组织进行病理诊断,判断肝组织纤维化程度,分析HA、PCⅢ、CⅣ和LN变化与患者病情及肝脏病变程度的关系. 结果:HA、PCⅢ和CⅣ异常率随肝炎发病程度及肝组织纤维化程度加重而显著升高,呈显著正相关;LN异常率与肝炎发病程度及肝组织纤维化程度无显著关系.双向有序列连表统计提示,血清肝纤维化标志物联合检测在肝组织纤维化程度判断中具有显著意义(χ2=14.277,P=0.002),血清肝纤维化标志物联合检测异常数量与肝组织纤维化程度为正相关(r=0.499,P=0.001). 结论:血清HA、PCⅢ、CⅣ联合检测可用于肝组织纤维化程度的判断.     

声脉冲辐射力成像技术联合肝纤维化指标评估肝硬化程度的诊断价值

目的:探讨声脉冲辐射力成像技术(ARFI)联合肝纤维化指标评估肝硬化程度的诊断价值.方法:选取本院90例肝硬化患者作为观察组,按照Child-Pugh(CP)评分对患者肝硬化程度进行分级;选取45例健康体检者作为对照组.检测所有研究对象的肝纤维化4项指标:透明质酸(HA)、层黏蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C),并行ARFI技术检测,测得肝实质硬度值(LS).观察不同CP评分分级的LS值与肝纤维化4项指标(HA、LN、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C),采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析LS值与血清肝纤维化4项指标单用或联用对肝硬化的诊断价值.结果:观察组CP评分A、B、C三级患者的LS值和血清肝纤维化4项指标水平均明显高于对照组,且C级＞B级＞A级,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CP评分与LS值、HA、LN、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C均呈正相关(r=0.782,P＜0.01;r=0.147,P＜0.05;r=0.485,P＜0.01;r=0.421,P＜0.01;r=0.262,P＜0.05).ROC曲线显示:不同CP等级的LS值的AUC均高于血清肝纤维化4项指标;而LS值与血清肝纤维化4项指标联用对不同CP等级肝硬化诊断的AUC、敏感性及特异性均高于其单用.结论:ARFI检测的LS值联合血清肝纤维化4项指标对肝硬化程度的诊断效能较高,具有重要的临床应用价值.     

拉米夫定治疗活动性肝炎肝硬化临床疗效观察

目的:探讨拉米夫定治疗活动性肝炎肝硬化的临床疗效.方法:随机选择40例活动性肝炎肝硬化患者,口服拉米夫定100mg/d,连用1年,动态观察服药0、6、12个月的肝功能、HBV-DNA定量、Child-Pugh评分、血清肝纤维化指标透明质酸(HA)、层粘蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)和Ⅳ型胶原(ⅣC)及治疗前后彩色多普勒超声指标观察情况.结果:治疗组较对照组ALT、AST、HBV-DNA定量、Child-Pugh评分均下降, 4项血清肝纤维化指标随着治疗时间延长不断下降,较对照组有显著的意义(P＜0.01),彩色多普勒超声仪观察的各项指标治疗前后明显改善(P＜0.05).结论:拉米夫定治疗活动性肝硬化有较好的临床效果,是抗肝纤维化的有效药物.     

肺结核患者血清纤维指标检测的临床意义

目的探讨肺结核患者血清纤维指标变化的临床意义。方法采用放免法检测82例肺结核病人及40例健康体检者的血清透明质酸(HA)、层粘连蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(CⅣ)含量。结果肺结核患者血清Ⅲ型前胶原和血清Ⅳ型胶原非常显著升高(P<0.01);血清层粘连蛋白显著升高(P<0.05)。结论检测血清纤维指标对肺结核患者肺纤维化的动态观察和早期诊断具有重要意义。     

肝硬化患者血浆凝血酶原时间和血清肝纤维化指标与Child—Pugh分级的关系

目的探讨肝硬化患者血浆凝血酶原时间（PT）、血清肝纤维化指标（PC-Ⅲ、Ⅳ-C、LN、HA）与Child—Pugh肝功能分级的关系。方法按Child—Pugh分级标准将100例肝硬化患者分为A、B、C三级组,测定血浆胛、血清肝纤维化4项指标（PC-Ⅲ、Ⅳ-C、LN、HA）水平。结果A、B、C三级组血浆町、血清肝纤维化标志物水平随Child—Pugh积分增加而呈上升趋势,三组比较均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）,血浆胛、血清肝纤维化指标与Child—Pugh分级之间均存在显著正相关性（r=0．359～0．604,P〈0．05）。结论联合检测肝硬化患者血浆PT和血清肝纤维化4项指标对指导肝功能Child—Pugh分级具有很好的参考价值,是较理想的实验室诊断肝硬化的指标。     

丹红注射液联合甘利欣治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的临床研究

目的探讨丹红注射液联合甘利欣注射液治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的临床疗效。方法选取192例慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化患者,随机分为治疗组110例,对照组82例,治疗组用丹红注射液联合甘利欣注射液治疗,对照组单用甘利欣注射液。观察疗程结束前后患者血清透明质酸（HA）、血清Ⅲ型前胶原（PC-Ⅲ）、层粘蛋白（LN）、Ⅳ型胶原（Ⅳ-C）、肝功能指标变化及临床疗效。结果治疗组血清肝纤维化指标、肝功能指标下降明显,而白蛋白有明显升高,与对照组相比有显著性差异（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论丹红注射液联合甘利欣注射液治疗慢性乙型肝炎,可有效减轻和延缓肝纤维化的发生与发展,对肝纤维化指标和肝功能有明显改善作用。     

肝纤维化与血浆肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6和白细胞介素-10水平的关系

 目的 探讨肝纤维化患者血浆中促炎细胞因子与抗炎细胞因子水平的变化及其与肝纤维化指标的关系.方法 检测137例肝纤维化患者血浆肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6) 、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)及透明质酸(HA)、层黏蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型前胶原N端肽(PⅢNP)、Ⅳ型胶原-C(Ⅳ-C)水平,并进行Child-Pugh分级和分析.结果 肝纤维化患者血浆TNF-α、IL-6、HA、LN、PⅢNP、Ⅳ-C水平较对照组均明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),IL-10水平较对照组均明显降低(P<0.05),并随Child-Pugh评分增加而递增或递减(P<0.05或P<0.01).TNF-α、IL-6与HA、LN、PⅢNP、Ⅳ-C水平间均呈显著正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),IL-10与HA、LN、PⅢNP、Ⅳ-C水平间均呈显著负相关(P<0.05).结论 TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10与肝纤维化密切相关,在肝纤维化的早期诊断中具有一定的临床价值;抑制TNF-α、IL-6的活性,加强IL-10的作用,可能是治疗肝纤维化的有效途径和手段.     

丹黄汤治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的临床研究

目的观察中药丹黄汤(丹参、黄芪、大黄)抗慢性乙肝肝纤维化的疗效。方法将179名慢性乙肝患者随机分为4组:Ⅰ组50例;Ⅱ组49例,Ⅲ组40例,Ⅳ组40例。Ⅰ组服用丹黄汤;Ⅱ组肌注IFNα-2b;Ⅲ组服用复方丹参滴丸;Ⅳ组为对照组,按常规给予护肝降酶治疗。疗程均为3个月。常规检测肝功能,放射免疫方法检测透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原肽(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)和层黏蛋白(LN)等血清肝纤维化指标,彩色多普勒检查肝脾形态、门静脉主干(Dpv)、脾静脉内径(Dsv)、门静脉血流速度(Vpv)和脾厚度(st)等肝纤维化相关血流动力学指标。结果治疗3月后,各组肝功能较治疗前均有明显改善,但治疗组与对照组比较无显著差别;各组血清纤维化指标(LN,PCⅢ,HA和Ⅳ-C)较治疗前均有显著下降,治疗组与对照组比较,有显著性差异(P<0.01),其中,Ⅰ组的作用优于Ⅱ,Ⅲ组(P<0.01),停药6月后仍优于Ⅲ组(P<0.01),对LN,HA和Ⅳ-C的作用优于Ⅱ组(P<0.05);彩色多普勒观察发现,各组对肝脾形态和肝纤维化相关血流动力学指标的作用较治疗前均有改善,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组的效果相当,明显强于对照组(Ⅳ组),Ⅰ组对Dpv和st的作用强于Ⅲ组(P<0.05),停药6个月后,Ⅰ组药物对Dpv和Vpv的影响仍可保持。结论中药丹黄汤能有效地改善肝功能,减轻肝纤维化程度,且疗效稳定、持久。     

Effect of Reducing Chemotherapy Drug Doses on the Level of Index of Liver Fibrosis 、TGF-β1 and Recent Curative Effect of HPC

目的 探索减少经导管动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)中化疗药剂量对原发性肝癌(PHC)患者肝纤维化指标、血清转化生长因子-β1( TGF-β1)水平及短期疗效的影响.资料与方法 36例不可手术切除的PHC患者接受超选择性TACE,按入选标准随机分为两组,A组(n=15,小剂量组)给予小剂量化疗药物;B组(n=21,常规剂量组)给予常规剂量化疗药物.结果 两组患者治疗前后血清学指标比较,常规剂量组术后三项纤维化指标透明质酸(HA)、人Ⅲ型前胶原(hPC-Ⅲ)、Ⅳ-C型胶原(Ⅳ-C)及TGF-β1水平均明显高于手术前(P＜0.01),层粘连蛋白(LN)水平较术前升高(P＜0.05);小剂量组术后四项肝纤维化指标较术前无显著性差异(P＞0.05),TGF-β1水平较术前升高(P＜0.05);近期疗效比较两组无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 TACE治疗PHC,适当减少化疗药物剂量可减轻肝纤维化的发生,有利于保护肝功能,而并不影响到患者近期疗效.     

苦参素对慢性乙型肝炎患者血清TGF-β1、TNF -α及肝纤维化指标的影响

 目的探讨苦参素在慢性乙型肝炎中抗肝纤维化的作用机制.方法采用ELISA和RIA方法对治疗Ⅰ组(对照组)和治疗Ⅱ组(苦参素组)患者治疗前及治疗3月后的慢性肝炎轻度、中度、重度及肝硬化患者171例血清转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PcⅢ)、Ⅳ胶原(C-Ⅳ)、层连蛋白(LN)含量进行测定,并设立30例健康献血人员作为正常组.结果治疗前两组患者血清TGF-β1、TNF-α、HA、PcⅢ、C-Ⅳ、LN均不同程度的升高,与正常组相比差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);治疗后均有不同程度的降低,治疗Ⅱ组治疗后与治疗前相比明显下降(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),并与治疗Ⅰ组在慢性肝炎中度、重度、肝硬化间差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论苦参素具有逆转肝纤维化的作用,有部分机制通过抑制TGF-β1、TNF-α的分泌,并且具有良好的耐受性.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.