球结膜图像边缘检测研究

目的为了洲最球结膜微循环的指标,研究适宜的球结膜图像边缘检测方法,以提取血管边缘特征。方法采集球结膜图像,用VC＋＋编程实现各种方法（如：Canny、Susan、M—H算子）对球结膜图像边缘检测,并对比边缘图像。结果对于球结膜图像,M—H算子边缘检测性能优越,提取的边缘比较完整、位置准确,能够检测出图像较细的边缘部分,噪声抑制效果较好。结论M—H算子是比较适合球结膜图像特点的边缘检测方法。     

Canny边缘检测算子在布-加综合征中的应用研究

目的 探索Canny边缘检测算子在布-加综合征中的应用.方法 给出了Canny边缘检测算子的理论分析,并将其应用于布-加综合征DSA图像的边缘检测.结果 通过调节Canny边缘检测算子的参数,能够显示阻塞血管的边缘图像.结论 利用Canny算子进行图像边缘检测,可以为布-加综合征的分型研究提供依据.     

数字乳腺X线照片CAD中可疑密度区域的自动分割

目的 提出一种对数字乳腺影像计算机辅助诊断中可疑密度分割更为有效的分割方法。方法 使用基础的边缘分割算子sobel和离散形式的动态轮廓模型对乳腺影像中的可疑密度区域（肿块）进行两步法分割，边缘检测进行带阈值选择的轮廓初步提取，然后采用部分边缘点作为动态轮廓模型的计算点，获得能量收敛的最终轮廓。结果 实现对数字乳腺影像库和乳腺体模影像的分割，并对分割轮廓进行与人工分割轮廓的重叠率计算和ROC曲线计算，对算法进行评价。结论 最终分割结果有效降低假阳性概率，提高了分割的特异性。     

基于Canny算子的医用X光图像边缘检测算法研究

为了进一步加强数字图像处理技术在医学图像领域的应用,提供一种基 Canny算子的医用X先图像边缘检测方法.首先介绍边缘检测算法的理论基础,然后结合Canny算子的实现过程,说明边缘检测的所遵循的基本原则,最后对该算法进行了实验验证.从实验的结果可以看出,这种方法对医用X光图像非常有效,对利用计算机进行图像处理有着重要的现实意义.     

一种改进的Kirsch边缘检测方法

Kirsch边缘检测算子在医学图像处理中有重要应用,它在保持细节和抗噪声方面都有较好的效果.但Kirsch算子得到的图像边缘仍存在连续性较差的问题.本文利用边缘连接算法对Kirsch边缘检测方法进行了改进,获得较好的检测结果.     

图像边缘识别技术在医学中的应用

图像边缘识别技术在医学中有很重要的应用,Roberts、Sobel、Prewitt、Krisch、Gauss—Laplace边缘检测算子及轮廓提取或轮廓跟踪、利用平滑技术提取图像边缘、利用小波分析技术提取图像边缘等是常用的方法。     

基于MATLAB的CR图像处理在四肢骨边缘检测中的应用

目的：探讨经过Matlab处理后的计算机摄影（CR）图像在四肢骨边缘检测中的应用．方法：利用Matlab工具箱中的Sobel,Roberts,Laplacian,Canny算子对于四肢骨进行边缘检测处理,并比较它们的效果．结果：采用中值滤波处理后,Canny算子获得的图像在骨骼边缘检测的连续性及线条平滑度上效果最好,Sobel算法则在显示骨骼边缘上最直观．直接灰度化处理则均不能满足实际需要．结论：使用Matlab工具箱做四肢骨边缘检测,中值滤波后使用Canny算子得出的边缘检测效果要优于其他处理方法．     

Laplacian增强算子在X光图像处理中的应用研究

为进一步加强对X光图像的处理,本文通过对Laplacian算子检测图像的边缘、纹理等细节信息的分析,将改进后的Laplacian增强算子应用X光图像处理中去,有效地提取了图像的边缘特征,同时较好地保护本身的图像信息。实验证明,将Laplacian增强算子与X光图像处理有机地结合起来,对提高诊断率、增强治疗效果有着重要的现实意义。     

基于分形技术的乳腺X射线影像中簇形微钙化点增强技术的研究

乳腺X线影像中的簇形微钙化点是早期乳腺癌的重要症状。微钙化点的增强是乳腺X线影像中微小钙化点提取的重要处理技术。本文提出了一种乳腺微钙化点增强检测的新方法。首先,通过Kirsch方法提取乳腺微钙化点的边缘,利用分形技术来获得钙化点连续的边缘;然后利用种子填充算法来填充微钙化点闭合轮廓,用原始图像的像素值替换被填充部分的像素值,最后通过被填充图像与原始图像的融合增强乳腺X线影像中的微钙化点。用DDSM数据库中含乳腺簇形微钙化点的50幅图像的感兴趣区的仿真实验验证了CAD检测系统有更好的增强效果。     

医学数字图像边缘增强方法的探讨

目的 探讨医学图像中强化病灶边缘、提高图像清晰度及明确病变范围方法.方法 采用VC++6.0编程,分别用Laplace、Prewitt、Sobel、Roberts等几个算子对医学图像进行边缘增强,找出各种方法的优势和不足.结果 Laplacian和Roberts算子增强效果好,但是降噪效果差;Prewitt、Sobel算子降噪效果好,增强能力差.结论 对于结构复杂、噪声影响大的部位应多采用Prewitt、Sobel算子;对于结构简单、噪声影响小的部位应多采用Laplace、Roberts算子.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.