急性心肌梗死与左室重构

急性心肌梗死(AMI)后左室发生细胞学,分子学及细胞间质的变化,进而引起左室在大小、形态、组织结构和功能状态的改变,此即目前许多研究所提及的AMI后的左室重构.AMI后左室的重构贯穿于整个病程的始终,成为影响AMI患者近远期预后的主要原因之一.     

急性心肌梗死后左室重构临床研究

目的　探讨溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死后左室结构和功能的影响。方法　对 36例首发急性心肌梗死患者于梗死后 4周和 12周进行超声心动图观察。分别测定左室舒张末期容积指数 (LVEDVI)、左室收缩末期容积指数 (LVESVI)、射血分数 (EF) ,作为反映左室结构和功能变化的指标。结果　急性心肌梗死后LVEDVI、LVESVI均明显增高 (分别为P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 )。 4周和 12周检查发现 ,溶栓组LVEDVI、LVESVI无明显差异 (分别P>0 0 5 ,P >0 0 5 ) ,EF值明显增大 (P <0 0 5 ) ;未溶栓组LVEDVI、LVESVI明显增大 (分别为P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,EF值无明显变化 (P >0 0 5 ) ;对 4周和 12周的检查结果作组间比较发现 ,溶栓组LVEDVI、LVESVI均小于未溶栓组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,EF值溶栓组高于未溶栓组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　溶栓治疗能有效地抑制急性心肌梗死后左室重构 ,改善心功能。     

多普勒超声心动图评价急性心肌梗塞后左室重构及心功能改变

应用多普勒超声心动图对56例不同部位急性心肌梗塞（AMI）后患者及40例正常人左室结构（LVR）、收缩舒张功能参数进行对比分析研究。结果显示AMI后患者左室舒张及收缩末期内径、左心室舒张末期容积、左心室收缩末期容积、左室射血前期与射血时间比、舒张晚期峰值血流速度、A峰面积增大；射血分数、短轴缩短率、舒张早期峰值血流速度、E峰／A峰面积则降低，两组间比较有极显著性差异（P＜0．01）。认为AMI后患者心脏不同程度的发生了LVR及收缩舒张功能减退。     

卡托普利联合美托洛尔对急性心肌梗死晚期左心室重构的影响

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)后应用卡托普利联合美托洛尔治疗与单用卡托普利治疗对晚期左心室重构的影响。方法将121例AMI患者随机分成治疗组(卡托普利联合美托洛尔)63例和对照组(卡托普利)58例,采用彩色多普勒心动超声仪分别于发病后早期(<24 h)、3、6个月末连续随访并测量、计算左心室形态、构型等多项指标。结果进行治疗组早期到6个月末前后比较,左心室形态均呈逐渐扩大,6个月末最大,对照组扩大程度更明显。对照组与治疗组同期对应比较,左心室形态逐渐扩大,6个月末最明显,且差异有显著性意义。同时左心室射血分数同组和两组间对应比较,均有明显改善(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论AMI后应用卡托普利联合美托洛尔对晚期左心室重构的抑制作用明显优于单用卡托普利。     

急性心肌梗死后左心室重构及其防治

本文简述了急性心肌梗死后左心室重构的发生机制、时间、后果、影响因素及防治措施等     

Effect of hepatocyte growth factor on left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction in canine

Background and objectives To investigate the effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on left ventricular (LV) remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods AMI was produced by ligation of proximal left anterior descending coronary artery(LAD) in 12 mongrel canines. These animals were randomized into 2 groups. In HGF group (n=6), canines were injected with pcDNA3-HGF lml (about 300ug) at the margin of infarcted myocardium; in control group (n=6) canines were injected with equal volume of normal saline. Cardiac function and left ventricular remodeling were evaluated with echocardiography at 1, 4, 8 weeks after MI. LV myocardium specimens were obtained at 8 weeks and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological examination or with sirius red to assess the collagen content. Results Compared with control group, LVEF in HGF group was significantly higher at 4 weeks (49.61+6.66 vs 39.84+6.39; P＜0.05) and at 8 weeks (51.57+8.53 vs 40.61+7.67; P＜0.05) after AMI, while LVESV was significantly lower in HGF group than that in control group at 8 weeks after AMI (18.98+3.47 vs 25.66+5.86; P＜0.05). Posterior left ventricular wall thickness decreased significantly from 1 wk to 8 wks after AMI in control group, while remained unchanged in HGF group. Compared with control group, histological examination showed more neovascularization and less scar, and sirius red staining indicated higher volume of type Ⅲ collagen (7.10&#177;4.06% vs 3.77&#177;1.09%; P＜0.05) and lower collagen Ⅰ/Ⅲ ratio value (1.11&#177;0.52 vs 2.94&#177;2.48; P＜0.05)in HGF group. Conclusion HGF gene transfer might improve cardiac function and LV remodeling after acute myocardial infarction by stimulating angiogenesis, reducing fibrosis, and reducing myocardial scarring.     

肝细胞生长因子对急性心肌梗死后左室重构的预测作用

目的: 探讨血清肝细胞生成因子(HGF)对急性心肌梗死(AMI)后早期左室重构的预测价值。方法: 36例AMI患者入院时及发病7 d测定血清HGF水平;AMI其中的26例分别于发病后7~10 d及发病后3个月行超声心动图检查,3个月时左室舒张末期容积指数（LVEDVI）与7~10 d时比增加≥5 ml/m2定义为左室重构组(n=11),对两组血清HGF值进行比较。结果: AMI患者入院时血清HGF浓度较对照组明显升高［(809±288)ng/L vs.(620±162)ng/L,P<0.01］,7 d时升高更显著［(1 607±1 355)ng/L,P<0.01］。发病7 d时血清HGF浓度在左室重构组较非左室重构组升高［(2 216±1 522)ng/L vs.(1 176±593)ng/L,P<0.05］,而入院时两组浓度则无显著差异。结论: AMI时血清HGF浓度升高,AMI后7 d时增高的血清HGF可能预示心室重构。     

Early mitral regurgitation after acute myocardial infarction does not contribute to subsequent left ventricular remodeling

BACKGROUND: It is well known that mitral regurgitation may lead to left ventricular dilation; however, the relationship between progressive left ventricular dilation after acute myocardial infarction (MI) and mitral regurgitation has not yet been clarified. HYPOTHESIS: This study tested the hypothesis that early mitral regurgitation contributes to left ventricular remodeling after acute MI. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 131 consecutive patients by serial two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography on Days 1, 2, 3, and 7, after 3 and 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months, and 1 year following acute MI. Patients were divided into two groups: those with mitral regurgitation in the first week after acute MI (Group 1, n = 34) and those without mitral regurgitation (Group 2, n = 81). RESULTS: Over 1 year, a significant increase in end-diastolic volume index (from 62.1 +/- 12.9 to 70.5 +/- 23.6 ml/m2, p = 0.001) with a strong linear trend (F = 15.1, p < 0.001) was noted. Initial end-diastolic volume index was higher in Group 1 (65.6 +/- 13.3 vs. 60.4 +/- 12.5 ml/m2, p = 0.047), but this difference remained constant throughout the study (F = 1.76, p = NS). Therefore, the pattern of end-diastolic volume changes was similar in both groups during the period of observation. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that early mitral regurgitation after acute MI does not contribute to subsequent left ventricular remodeling in the first year after myocardial infarction.     

氯沙坦对急性心肌梗死后心室重构的影响

目的:研究氯沙坦对急性心肌梗死后心室重构的影响。方法:符合入选标准的120例急性心肌梗死患者被随机均分为三组:氯沙坦组(A组)。卡托普利组(B组),常规治疗组(C组),分别于治疗前,治疗后6个月进行超声心动图检查。结果:对照组常规治疗后.左室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、每搏量(SV)均进一步恶化(P<0.05),A、B组的LVEDV、LVEF、SV较C组则无显著恶化(P<0.05～<0.01).A组又好于B组(P<0.05)。结论:氯沙坦能明显改善急性心肌梗死后心室重构。     

左室造影对急性心肌梗死后左室重构发生的评价

目的 :探讨左室造影对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)后左室重构发生的评价及其临床意义。方法 :用左室造影投影系统计算出心肌梗死 (MI)急性期及恢复期左室容积指标 ,根据左室容积指标将患者分为重构组和非重构组 (均为 2 0例 ) ;用漂浮导管测定血流动力学指标 ;用99m 锝心血池扫描测定左室射血分数 (LVEF) ;用2 0 1铊心肌血流扫描测定梗死的面积积分 (ES)和重症度积分(SS)。结果 :重构组恢复期左室舒张末期及收缩末期容积均显著高于非重构组 (P <0 .0 1) ,亦显著高于该组急性期左室容积 (P <0 .0 1)。重构组急性期肌酸磷酸激酶峰值、急性期及恢复期肺小动脉嵌压、恢复期左室舒张末压力以及恢复期ES和SS均显著高于非重构组 ,而LVEF显著低于非重构组。重构组恢复期左室收缩末期容积及舒张末期容积与LVEF之间存在有意义的相关关系 (r =- 0 .72 ,P <0 .0 1;r =- 0 .6 7,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :AMI后进行左室造影能较准确地评价左室重构的发生及严重程度。发生左室重构的患者其心肌坏死量较大 ,且其恢复期左室功能显著降低。恢复期左室功能与左室容积指标之间存在密切相关。     

EflFect of hepatocyte growth factor on left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction in canine

Background and objectives To investigate the effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on left ventricular (LV) remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods AMI was produced by ligation of proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in 12 mongrel canines. These animals were randomized into 2 groups. In HGF group (n=6), canines were injected with pc-DNA3-HGF 1 ml (about 300ug) at the margin of infarcted myocardium; in control group (n=6) canines were injected with equal volume of normal saline. Cardiac function and left ventricular remodeling were evaluated with echocardiography at 1,4, 8 weeks after MI. LV myocardium specimens were obtained at 8 weeks and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological examination or with sirius red to assess the collagen content. Results Compared with control group, LVEF in HGF group was significantly higher at 4 weeks (49.61 6.66 vs 39.84 6.39; P<0.05) and at 8 weeks (51.57 8.53 vs 40.61 7.67; P<0.05) after AMI, while LVESV was significantly lower in HGF group than that in control group at 8 weeks after AMI (18.98 3.47 vs 25.66 5.86; P<0.05). Posterior left ventricular wall thickness decreased significantly from 1 wk to 8 wks after AMI in control group, while remained unchanged in HGF group.Compared with control group, histological examination showed more neovascularization and less scar, and sirius red staining indicated higher volume of typeⅢcollagen (7.10±4.06% vs 3.77±1.09%; P<0.05) and lower collagenⅠ/Ⅲratio value (1.11±0.52 vs 2.94±2.48; P<0.05) in HGF group. Conclusion HGF gene transfer might improve cardiac function and LV remodeling after acute myocardial infarction by stimulating angiogenesis, reducing fibrosis, and reducing myocardial scarring.     

急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后辛伐他汀对早期左心室重构的影响

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)急诊直接PCI术后使用辛伐他汀对早期左心室重构的影响。方法选择AMI接受急诊直接PCI患者245例,随机分为辛伐他汀治疗组(治疗组)123例和对照组122例。比较2组术后即刻TIMI分级、计算校正TIMI计帧数(cTFC)和心肌Blush分级。采用彩色多普勒超声心动仪分别于发病早期(<24h)、1、2、3周末连续测量、计算左心室形态、构型等指标并进行分析。结果与基线比较,对照组1周末左心室收缩末内径(LVESD)、左心室短轴前半径(Ra)/内径(D)明显升高,2周末左心室舒张末内径(LVEDD)、LVESD、Ra/D、左心室前部心内膜弧长(ASL)、后部心内膜弧长(PSL)明显升高,3周末LVEDD、LVESD、Ra/D、ASL、PSL、LVEF明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);治疗组2周末LVEDD、LVESD、PSL、LVEF明显升高,3周末LVEDD、LVESD、ASL、PSL、LVEF明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与对照组比较,治疗组2周末、3周末LVEDD、LVESD、Ra/D、ASL、PSL明显降低,LVEF明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 AMI患者急诊直接PCI术后,使用辛伐他汀对早期左心室重构有抑制作用。     

急性心肌梗塞静脉溶栓治疗改善左心室功能的作用

为评价急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）静脉溶栓再灌注对左心室功能及重塑的影响，应用二维超声心动图（２ＤＥ）对６１例ＡＭＩ接受静脉溶栓治疗的患者，分别在急性期及６个月后随访时测量并计算左心室容积（ＥＳＶ和ＥＤＶ），射血分数（ＥＦ），左心室内膜弧长（ＡＳＬ和ＰＳＬ）以及室壁运动指数（ＧＷ－ＭＩ和ＲＷＭＩ）。结果显示，以上各项指标急性期时两组比较差异均无显著性，在６个月后的随访中，再通组ＥＦ值明显高于未通组，再通组左室容量减小、变形减轻。急性期两组的心功能无差异，随访时再通组心功能较未通组显著改善。提示溶栓再灌注能明显减轻左心室的扩张及抑制左心室重塑，改善患者的心功能和预后。     

大剂量缬沙坦治疗急性心肌梗死后心室重构的临床效果

目的探讨大剂量缬沙坦治疗急性心肌梗死后心肌重构的临床效果。方法纳入急性心肌梗死患者73例,患者入院后采用随机数表法将患者分为对照组(给予常规剂量的缬沙坦,n=36,80 mg/日)和观察组(给予大剂量的缬沙坦,n=37,160 mg/日),比较两组左心室结构参数,包括左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、室间隔厚度(IVSD)和左室后壁厚度(LVPWD)以及左心室功能参数,包括左心室收缩末容量(LVESV)、左心室舒张末容量(LVEDV)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、心输出量(CO)的差异。结果两组患者经治疗后左心室结构(LVESD、LVEDD、IVSD及LVPWD)、左心功能(LVESV、LVEDV、LVEF及CO)与治疗前比较均有显著改善(P均0.05);与对照组治疗后相比,观察组改善更为显著(P均0.05);观察组患者不良反应发生率为13.5%,与对照组8.1%相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论大剂量缬沙坦治疗急性心肌梗死可显著改善患者的梗死后心室重构。     

Left ventricular remodeling in patients with stress hyperglycemia after acute myocardial infarction

Background To investigate the association between left ventricular remodeling and stress hyperglycemia (SH) inpatients with acute anterior wall myocardial Infarction. Methods Patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction and a successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled and divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of SH. Patients with diabetes mellitus were excluded. Echocardiographic studies were performed on discharge and at 6 month follow-up. Left ventricular (LV) ejection fractions (EF), LV end-diastolic volume (EDV) and LV end-systolic volume (ESV) were obtained at baseline and at 6 month. Differences between changes of ESV (ΔESV) and changes of EDV (ΔEDV) in the two groups as well as EF improvement rate (ΔEF %) over six month were obtained. Correlation between SH and LV remodeling was investigated. Results (1) At baseline, the level of hemoglobin A1c was significantly higher in SH group (6.9±1.4 vs 6.2±0.8 P=0.04). Other baseline characteristics, including peak serum creatine kinase MB and LV function, were similar between two groups; (2) EF increased significantly over 6 months in both group with SH((41.1±7.2)% vs (52.7±8.4)%, P=0.02) and group without SH. ((43.6±8.7)% vs (54.5±9.3)%, P=0.03) (3) Only in SH group, EDV increased significantly at 6 month (139.6±26.7 vs 126.1±26.7 P=0.04); (4) There was a weak correlation between ΔEDV and the level of fasting plasma glucose on admission.(Pearson's r=0.35, P0.01). Conclusions (1) Previous glucose metabolism disorder is at least partially responsible for hyperglycemia on admission; (2) Given successful primary PCI within recommended time interval, left ventricular function improved regardless of whether SH is present or not; (3) The degree of glucose metabolic dysfunction on admission is weakly associated with the remodeling process in 6 months     

急性心肌梗死后左室重构的诊断及干预

急性心肌梗死（AMI）后左室重构（VR）是梗死后心肌组织结构和心室功能变化的病理生理过程,影响梗死后患者的心脏血流动力学状态,并且是决定梗死后心脏事件发生率和远期预后的主要因素。     

急性心肌梗死后左室重构的临床危险因素探讨

目的对急性心肌梗死后左室重构的临床危险因素进行评估。方法将进入本观察的５１例病人,按溶栓治疗后,有无Ｑ波形成,分为Ｑ波组和非Ｑ波组,全部病人入住ＣＣＵ,并在入院即刻及入院后８、１６、２４、４８和７２小时分别进行血清心肌酶学检查。对其中３４例病人在心梗后１周和６周行超声心动图检查,并测定左室质量指数。结果Ｑ波组血清ＣＰＫ峰值（１３４７５８±２２０３３）ＩＵ,左室质量指数在心梗后１周和６周分别为（２３４２８±９２３６）ｇ·ｍ－２、（２７１５２±９３１２）ｇ·ｍ－２,均明显高于非Ｑ波组,随访半年表明新近出现心衰亦明显高于非Ｑ波组。结论溶栓后的有Ｑ波出现,血清ＣＰＫ峰值高于５００ＩＵ,左室质量指数＞２２０ｇ·ｍ－２,是急性心肌梗死后左室重构的危险因素。     

螺内酯抑制急性前壁心肌梗死患者的左室重构

目的探讨急性前壁心肌梗死患者口服螺内酯对于左室重构的影响。方法将急性前壁心肌梗死患者随机分为两组。对照组30例,接受血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、β-受体阻滞剂、抗血小板、调脂药物等常规处理。螺内酯组30例,在常规治疗基础上加用螺内酯（40mg,每日1次）。随访1年,并检测脑钠尿肽（BNP）及超声心动图以评价左室功能和左室容积。结果6和12月时螺内酯组血清BNP水平明显低于对照组[（355±74）ng/Lvs（418±77）ng/L,P<0.05和（316±72）ng/Lvs（389±67）ng/L,P<0.05],且12月时螺内酯组较对照组左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左室收缩末期内径（LVESD）明显缩小[LVEDD:（49±6）mmvs（53±5）mm,P<0.05;LVESD:（37±5）mmvs（40±4）mm,P<0.05]。结论螺内酯可抑制急性前壁心肌梗死患者左室重构。     

Predictors of early and late ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: The determinants of the early and late stages of the ventricular remodeling process after infarction are not well defined. HYPOTHESIS: The study was undertaken to evaluate the factors that condition the time course of left ventricular dilation during the first 6 months after infarction. METHODS: The study group consisted of 74 patients with a first intermediate-large (> or = 4 Q waves) acute myocardial infarction. Contrast left ventricular and coronary angiograms were performed at 7 +/- 1 and 175 +/- 25 days after infarction. Left ventricular volumes, regional function and infarction artery status were quantified. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed in the early angiogram in 31 patients. RESULTS: In the early angiogram, 13 patients showed ventricular remodeling (end-diastolic volume > 90 ml/m2). A larger extent of dysfunction was the only predictor (p < 0.002) of early remodeling. At 6 months, a smaller, early end-diastolic volume (p < 0.0001) and a poorer regional function recovery (p < 0.05) were independently related to late diastolic enlargement, and a poorer regional function recovery (p < 0.0001) and a smaller, early end-systolic volume (p < 0.009) were independently related to late systolic enlargement. One patient with compared with 20 patients without early remodeling (p < 0.04) presented with late remodeling (increment of the end-diastolic volume > 20% at 6 months). In patients with early remodeling, the end-diastolic volume did not change significantly (101 +/- 13 vs. 94 +/- 22 ml/m2, NS) at 6 months; despite this, they maintained larger diastolic volumes than patients with late remodeling (81 +/- 12 ml/m2, p < 0.04) at 6 months. Infarction artery status did not influence the evolution of ventricular volumes and regional function. CONCLUSIONS: (1) A large infarct size is the main determinant of postinfarction remodeling. (2) Such infarct size-dependent ventricular dilation occurs early and does not tend to increase in late stage; in contrast, some cases of intermediate-large size infarcts without early remodeling exhibit late remodeling associated with a poor late recovery of regional function. (3) Recovery of regional function (indicating myocardial viability) rather than infarction artery status plays a role in the late ventricular remodeling process.     

急性前壁心肌梗死介入治疗后左心室重构状况及相关危险因素分析

目的:探讨急性前壁心肌梗死患者通过经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI),开通梗死相关血管(IRA)后左心室重构状况及心脏扩大的相关危险因素。方法:连续入选符合本研究入选标准的406例急性前壁心肌梗死患者,采集住院期间临床资料,查阅出院后门诊电子病历,记录用药情况、化验、检查结果。回顾性分析患者出院6个月后左心室重构状况,Logistic多元回归分析心脏扩大的相关危险因素。结果:354例患者完成随访,随访率87.2%,平均随访时间6.2个月。247例患者接受早期再灌注治疗。出院6个月后103例患者发生心脏扩大。心脏扩大的独立危险因素包括:住院期间心脏扩大、心电图Q波导联数及UCG室壁运动异常节段数目较多,住院期间心功能较差(killip分级),ACEI/ARB终剂量低于指南建议起始剂量的2倍。结论:尽管实施了有效PCI治疗,仍有部分患者发生心脏扩大,理想药物治疗应引起重视,尤其对于高危患者。