HLA-DRB1*0826 and HLA-DQB1*0627, two novel class II alleles identified in blood stem cell donors of Caucasian origin

This report describes two novel HLA class II alleles, HLA-DRB1*0826 and HLA-DQB1*0627, that have been identified in two unrelated voluntary blood stem cell donors of Caucasian origin. HLA-DRB1*0826 is characterized by a nucleotide substitution (G to T) in exon 2 at position 163, leading to an amino acid exchange from argenine to leucine. The donor phenotype is HLA-A*0301,*2902; B*3501,*4403; Cw*0401,*1601; DRB1*0101,*0826; DQB1*0402, *0501. The HLA-DQB1*0627 alleles contain a nucleotide substitution at position 184 (T to C) resulting in an amino acid exchange from tyrosine to histidine. Family segregation analysis revealed that the HLA-DQB1*0627 allele belongs to the haplotype A*0101, B*1517, Cw*0701, DRB1*1302, DQB1*0627. The donor phenotype is HLA-A*0101; B*0801,*1517; Cw*0701; DRB1*1302,*1501; DQB1*0602,*0627.     

焦虑对体液免疫功能影响及其与HLA-DQB1等位基因的关系

目的:研究焦虑对体液免疫功能的影响及其与HLA-DQB1等位基因多态性的关系.方法:随机挑选某医院健康体检住院医生31名,选用状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI)来测量其焦虑状况,实验室检测IgG、IgA、IgM以及补体C3、C4水平,并利用PCR扩增各研究对象HLA-DQB1*02、*03、*04、*05和*06五个位点基因多态性.结果:状态焦虑 (Ta)和特质焦虑 (Tc)均同补体C3呈正相关,有统计学意义.HLA-DQB1*02位点阳性和阴性的个体状态焦虑的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而补体C3的差异不具有统计学意义(P＞0.05).HLA-DQB1* 04位点阳性和阴性的个体状态焦虑和特质焦虑的差异都有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而补体C3的差异不具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:焦虑可以引起某些体液免疫功能指标的改变并与HLA-DQB1等位基因表型有关.     

单个碱基变异致HLA-DQB1*03新等位基因的鉴定

目的确认1例HLA-DQB1新等位基因的序列,分析新等位基因的遗传学特征。方法应用PCR-序列特异性寡核苷酸探针分型技术(sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe,SSOP)及PCR-直接测序分型法(sequence-based typing,SBT)对1个白血病家系进行HLA常规检测,发现患者母亲及哥哥HLA-DQB1序列组合无完全匹配的基因型。应用二代测序(next generation sequencing,NGS)技术对该基因进行确认。结果PCR-SBT提示患者母亲及哥哥HLA-DQB1序列组合与已知基因型不完全匹配。NGS分析显示,与同源性最高的等位基因DQB1*03:02相比,该等位基因在第2外显子c.233T>G变异,导致46位编码氨基酸由缬氨酸变为甘氨酸(p.Val46Gly)。家系调查显示患者哥哥HLA-DQB1新等位基因来源于母亲。新等位基因序列已递交给GenBank数据库(MK729743)。结论应用NGS鉴定了1个HLA-DQB1新等位基因,该等位基因被世界卫生组织HLA因子命名委员会正式命名为HLA-DQB1*03:362。     

Intronic sequence motifs of HLA-DQB1 are shared between humans, apes and old world monkeys, but a retroviral LTR element (DQLTR3) is human specific

Long terminal repeats (LTRs) of the human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) family have been found at several sites within the human genome, of which one is located in the vicinity of HLA-DQB1. Since this DQLTR3 is only present on some haplotypes, we performed a linkage analysis in 130 Caucasian families. In order to date the integration event we also investigated the presence of this DQLTR3 in apes and Old World monkeys. Additionally, we sequenced the adjacent region of DQLTR3-positive and -negative haplotypes in humans, apes and old world monkeys to elucidate their evolution. Linkage analysis revealed a differential integration of DQLTR3 on specific HLA-DQ haploypes: there was a high frequency of this LTR on haplotypes containing HLA-DQB1*0302 (0.96) and a moderate frequency on HLA-DQB1*0402 (0.78), HLA-DQB1*0303 (0.44), HLA-DQB1*0502 (0.38) and HLA-DQB1*0301 (0.35). HLA-DQB1*0201 (0.18), HLA-DQB1*0503 (0.15), HLA-DQB1*0603 (0.15), HLA-DQB1*0602 (0.04), HLA-DQB1*0501 (0.03) and HLA-DQB1*0604 were rarely positive or devoid of DQLTR3. In apes and Old World primates there was no DQLTR3 rendering it a human specific insertion. Sequence analysis of the adjacent region showed two different motifs in humans corresponding to either presence or absence of DQLTR3. Two different motifs were observed within three sequences of Macaca mulatta: One motif is closely related to the sequence from Macaca nemestrina and Macaca fascicularis whereas the other sequence is more closely related with that of Papio papio and Cercopithecus aethiops. Therefore the analysis of retroviral elements as well as intronic sequences of MHC-DQB1 could help to clarify the evolution of this gene region as well the phylogenic relationship between humans, apes and Old World monkeys.     

Association of HLA-DQ with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in a northern Chinese Han population

Autoimmune mechanisms are likely involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC)and components of MHC may serve as markers for the propensity to develop immune-mediated myocardialdamage.This study was conducted to investigate the possible association between HLA-DQA1,-DQB1 allelesand IDC in Han population from northern China by using PCR-based sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP)technique for HLA genotyping.Among 68 unrelated IDC patients,4 probands of IDC pedigrees and 100healthy controls,we found that the alleles of HLA-DQA1*0501 and HLA-DQB1*0303 conferred susceptibilityto IDC while HLA-DQA1*0201 and HLA-DQB1*0502,*0504 alleles were in negative association with IDC.Theserine at position 57 (SER~(57)) in the exon of HLA-DQB1*0502 and *0504 was confirmed in our experiment as amarker for resistance to IDC.The results suggest that HLA-DQ polymorphism may be involved in thepathogenesis of IDC.Cellular & Molecular Immunology.2004;1 (4):311-314.     

Novel associations among HLA-DQA1 and -DQB1 alleles, revealed by high-resolution sequence-based typing (SBT)

Althought it is a valuable tool for the identification of HLA alleles, sequence-based typing (SBT) presents difficulties when used to determine HLA-DQA1 and -DQB1 alleles. Specifically, some HLA-DQA1 alleles have a three-base deletion at codon 56 of exon 2 that interferes with the sequencing read. Moreover, the frequently used primers for HLA-DQB1 may co-amplify the HLA-DQB2 pseudogene. To overcome these problems, we amplified DQA1 exon 2 using five group-specific polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) which allowed separation of deleted from non-deleted DQA1 alleles. DQB1 exon 2 was amplified using two group-specific amplifications. To increase typing resolution, we also analyzed DQA1 exons 1, 3 and 4 and DQB1 exon 3 by PCR using sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) or SBT analysis. Using this method we found some important associations between DQA1 and DQB1 alleles: DQA1*05011 and DQB1*0201, DQA1*0505 and DQB1*03011, DQA1*01021 and DQB1*06, DQA1*01022 and DQB1*0502.     

Description of the new allele HLA-DQB1*04:03:02

A new variant of HLA-DQB1*04:03 allele officially designated as HLA-DQB1*04:03:02 was detected in two unrelated Caucasoid individuals by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primers and SBT. The new allele nucleotide sequence differs from HLA-DQB1*04:03:01 for a single silent point mutation in exon 2 at position 159, codon 21.     

广东汉族人十二指肠溃疡和HLA-DQB1等位基因的关联研究

目的探讨广东地区汉族人人类白细胞抗原-DQB1（human leukocyte antigen-DQB1，HLA-DQB1）等位基因与十二指肠溃疡（duodenal ulcer，DU）的遗传关联。方法应用聚合酶链反应．序列特异性引物核苷酸分型技术，对105例DU患者、105名正常人的HLA-DQB1等位基因进行分析。结果DU患者HLA-DQB1 ＊0602等位基因频率与正常对照组比较明显增高，差异有统计学意义（P=0．001，RR=4．533，Pc：0．014）。结论HLA-DQB1＊0602与十二指肠溃疡有一定关联，HLA-DQB1等位基因分布在十二指肠溃疡患者与正常人之间存在着差异。     

HLA-DQB1 allele typing by a new PCR-RFLP method: Correlation with a PCR-SSO method

We have developed a new PCR-RFLP method for HLA-DQB1 typing. This method was easy to follow, requiring only one DQB1 generic amplification and 5 endonucleases to assign 14 out of 15 HLA-DQB1 alleles. In addition, we determined that by using one generic amplification and two enzymes (Sau96 I and Hae III) it was possible to type the generic specificities: DQw2, DQw4, DQw5, DQw6, and DQw7, DQw8-9, providing a practical alternative for serological HLA-DQ generic typing. We also performed a side-by-side correlation with a PCR-SSO typing method and found an almost 100% concordance between the methods. The limitations of these methods were: 1) the PCR-RFLP method did not allow the differentiation between the HLA-DQB1*0602 and *0603 alleles; 2) the PCR-SSO method gave crosshybridization signals in the detection of *0302 or *0303 alleles. Our results suggested that both methods, PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSO, are useful alternatives for HLA-DQB1 typing.     

Identification and characterization of three novel HLA alleles, HLA-A*240214, HLA-A*3215 and HLA-DQB1*060302

We describe three novel human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles found in three different Caucasians, HLA-A*240214, HLA-A*3215 and HLA-DQB1*060302. As compared with HLA-A*24020101, HLA-A*240214 has a synonymous nucleotide (nt) exchange in codon 132. HLA-A*240214 may have arisen from intergenic recombination between HLA-A*24020101 and an HLA-B or HLA-C allele. The second novel allele, HLA-A*3215, has three nucleotide exchanges as compared with HLA-A*320101. These variations result in amino acid exchanges in codons 62 and 63, generating the public epitope of the serological HLA-A10 group. The third novel allele, HLA-DQB1*060302, has one synonymous nucleotide exchange within codon 38 as compared with HLA-DQB1*060301. In a family segregation study, we found that HLA-DQB1*060302, similar to the known HLA-DQB1*060301 allele, cosegregates with HLA-DRB1*1301.     

HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 polymorphisms in Pacific Islands populations

Allele frequency distributions of the HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 genes were investigated in four Pacific Islands populations from the Cook Islands, Samoa, Tokelau and Tonga. Limited diversity was observed for both the HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 loci. Five HLA-DRB1 alleles were observed to be the most frequent amongst all the studied Pacific Islands populations. They were: HLA-DRB1*0403, HLA-DRB1*08032, HLA-DRB1*09012, HLA-DRB1*11011 and HLA-DRB1*1201. Cook Islanders had the largest number of low frequency DRB1 alleles followed by Samoans, Tokelauans and Tongans, most of which may be attributed to reported non-Polynesian admixture. The most frequently observed DQB1 alleles in the four studied Pacific Islands populations were those of the DQ3 subgroup of alleles HLA-DQB1*03011, HLA-DQB1*0302 and HLA-DQB1*03032 as well as HLA-DQB1*05031 and HLA-DQB1*06011. Cook Islanders had the highest number of rare HLA-DQB1 alleles, the distibution being similar to that of the HLA-DRB1 allele. While, in general, the values of homozygosity for DRB1 and DQB1 were observed to be lower then expected under neutrality, a statistical significance was observed in Tongans, Samoans and Tokelauans for the DQB1 locus and in Tongans for the DRB1 locus. Differences were observed between allele frequency distributions for Tokelauans compared to the other three populations. This was also demonstrated by principal component analysis of DRB1 and DQB1 allele frequencies, which separated the Tokelauan population from Cook Islanders, Tongans and Samoans. Tongans and Samoans were separate from the other Polynesian populations in the phylogenetic trees. Observed allele and haplotype frequencies were found to be in agreement with previously published HLA-DRB and HLA-DQB Polynesian data.     

Identification of a novel HLA-DQB1*03:03:04 allele by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing in a Chinese leukemia patient

Nucleotide sequence of HLA-DQB1*03:03:04 allele was different from that of HLA-DQB1*03:03:02 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 603 C>T.     

The roles of HLA-DQB1 gene polymorphisms in hepatitis B virus infection

Background

Infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an independent risk factor for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, polymorphisms in HLA-DQB1 play an important role in HBV infections.

Methods

This study examined the relationships between HLA-DQB1 alleles and HBV infection susceptibility among 256 HBV carriers and 433 healthy controls. Venous blood samples were subjected to DQB1 high-resolution typing and testing for interferon-gamma, interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10, and DQB1 mRNA expression. A meta-analysis was also performed using relevant case–control studies that evaluated the associations of HLA-DQB1 alleles with HBV infection and clearance.

Results

We found that HLA-DQB1*06:03 protected against HBV infection. Levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 were significantly elevated in HBV cases with HLA-DQB1*06:05 (vs. HLA-DQB1*05:03), and the HBV group had higher DQB1 mRNA expression than the healthy control group with HLA-DQB1*05:03 and HLA-DQB1*06:02. The meta-analysis revealed that HLA-DQB1*04:01, HLA-DQB1*05:02, HLA-DQB1*05:03, and HLA-DQB1*06:01 were risk factors for HBV infection susceptibility, while HLA-DQB1*05:01, HLA-DQB1*06:03, and HLA-DQB1*06:04 protected against HBV infection. Spontaneous HBV clearance was associated withHLA-DQB1*06:04, while chronic HBV infection was associated with HLA-DQB1*02:01 and HLA-DQB1*05:02.

Conclusion

DBQ1 typing can be used to identify patients who have elevated risks of HBV infection (i.e., patients with HLA-DQB1*04:01, HLA-DQB1*05:02, HLA-DQB1*05:03, and HLA-DQB1*06:01) or elevated risks of chronic HBV infection (i.e., patients with HLA-DQB1*02:01 and HLA-DQB1*05:02).

     

HLA-DQB1等位基因与皮肌炎/多发性肌炎相关性研究

目的　探讨 HL A- DQB1等位基因与皮肌炎 /多发性肌炎 (dermatomyositis/polymyositis,DM/PM)的相关性。方法　采用聚合酶链反应 -序列特异性引物技术 ,检测了 DM/PM患者的 HL A- DQB1等位基因。结果　与 16 0名正常对照比较 ,在 5 2例 DM/PM患者中 HL A- DQB1* 0 4 0 1等位基因频率明显增高 ,且差异有显著性 (RR=3.5 6 ,P=1.79× 10 - 3,Pc<0 .0 5 ) ;HL A- DQB1* 0 30 3的检出频率在 DM/PM患者组中有降低倾向 ,但两组差异无显著性。结论　DM/PM与 HL A- DQB1* 0 4 0 1基因有显著性相关 ,为揭示 DM/PM的发病中免疫遗传学机理所起的作用提供了重要线索和依据。     

Sequence-based typing of HLA class II DQB1

Due to the expanding number of known HLA class II DQB1 alleles, high-resolution oligotyping is becoming ineffective, therefore a sequence-based typing (SBT) strategy was developed to provide rapid and definitive typing of HLA-DQB1. HLA-DQB1*02, *03, *04, *05, and *06 alleles were individually amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using exon 2 group-specific primers. Forward and reverse PCR primers were tailed with M13 universal and M13 reverse sequences, respectively. Subsequent bi-directional cycle-sequencing was carried out using Cy5.5-labeled M13 universal primer and Cy5.0-labeled M13 reverse primer. Automated sequencing was performed in 30 min using a Visible Genetics, Inc. (VGI) MicroGene Clipper Sequencer. Full concordance was observed between this SBT method and oligotyping among 151 individuals.     

昆明白族和彝族人群HLA-DRB1/DQB1等位基因遗传特点及频率分布比较

目的研究昆明白族和彝族儿童HLA-DRB1／DQB1等位基因多态性,分析比较昆明白族和彝族人群的遗传特点。方法采用PCR-SSP基因分型技术,分别对70名白族儿童和70名彝族儿童进行HLA-DRB1／DQB1基因分型。结果昆明白族儿童在HLA-DRB1位点上共检出13种等位基因,依次为DRB1*08(20．7％)、*04(16．4％)、*12(16．4％)、*15(8．57％)、*0901(8．57％)、*14 (6．43％)、*11(5．71％)、*16(5．00％)、*13(4．29％)、*07(2．86％)、*03(2．86％)、*01 (1．43％)、*10(0．71％);HLA-DQB1位点上共检出7种等位基因,依次为DQB1*0301(23．6％)、*06(21．4％)、*05(18．6％)、*04(18．6％)、*0303(7．14％)、*0302(6．43％)、*0201(4．29％)。彝族儿童在HLA-DRB1位点上共检出12种等位基因,依次为DRB1*12(33．57％)、*0901 (11．43％)、*04(11．43％)、*01(8．57％)、*11(7．86％)、*14(7．14％)、*15(7．14％)、*08 (5．00％)、*03(2．83％)、*13(2．14％)、*07(1．43％)、*16(1．43％);HIA-DQB1位点上共检出7种等位基因,依次为DQB1*0301(45％)、*05(22．14％)、*0303(12．14％)、*04(6．43％)、*06 (6．43％)、*0201(4．29％)、*0302(3．57％)。组间比较HLA-DRB1／DQB1等位基因总体分布及诸多等位基因频率均有显著差异。结论昆明白族和彝族人群HLA-DRB1／DQB1等位基因分布具有各自遗传特点。     

Identification of a novel HLA-DQB1*03:38 allele by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing in a Chinese bone marrow donor

HLA-DQB1*03:38 differs from HLA-DQB1*03:03:02:01 at nucleotide position 184 T>C in exon 2.     

先兆子痫患者HLA-DQA1、-DQB1、-DPA1基因多态性

目的:探讨人类白细胞抗原HLA-DQ-A1、DQB1、DPA1基因多态性与先兆子痫发病的关系。方法:采用序列特异性引物技术(PCRSSP)对46例先兆子痫患者和105例正常孕妇及其新生儿进行HLA-DQ-DPA1等位基因分型。结果:所有标本共检出11种HLADQA1基因表型、16种HLADQB1基因表型、6种HLADPA1基因表型。先兆子痫患者HLA-DQ-B10301基因频率高于正常孕妇,差异有显著性(Pc=0.032,RR=2.43,AR=0.30),其余各基因表型频率两组比较差异均无显著性。结论:HLADQB10301基因可能是一种先兆子痫发病的易感基因。     

A new HLA-DQB1 sequence, DQB1*02:01:04, discovered during an external quality assessment exercise

HLA-DQB1*02:01:04 differs from DQB1*02:01:01 by one nucleotide (G>A) at position 303 in exon 2 resulting in a silent substitution (codon 69 - GAG >GAA), conserved glutamate.     

Analysis of children with type 1 diabetes in Korea: high prevalence of specific anti-islet autoantibodies, immunogenetic similarities to Western populations with "unique" haplotypes, and lack of discrimination by aspartic acid at position 57 of DQB

This study analyzed the expression of anti-islet autoantibodies and HLA-DR and -DQ genotypes in Korean children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The positivity of the anti-ICA512, anti-GAD65, and anti-insulin autoantibodies in the newly onset T1DM patients (n = 15) was 66.7%, 86.7%, and 46.7%, respectively, and all of them had one or more of the autoantibodies. HLA analysis showed higher frequencies of HLA-DRB1*0301, *0405, *09012 and -DQB1*0201, *0401, *03032 alleles in T1DM patients compared to controls (P(c) < 0.05). Because HLA-DQB1*0401, *03032 alleles carry aspartic acid at position 57 of DQB, susceptibility to T1DM in Korean children was not related to the presence of aspartic acid at position 57 of DQB1 locus. We suggest this unique HLA-DR, -DQ allele distribution might be an important factor for the low incidence of T1DM in Korea, and the combined anti-islet autoantibody assays could be valuable screening markers for the early detection of T1DM in Korea.