秦皇岛市北戴河区老年人群超重和肥胖现况调查

目的调查秦皇岛市北戴河区老年人群超重和肥胖现况,为降低老年人的超重和肥胖发生率,减少各种慢性疾病的危险因素提供依据。方法依据中国成人超重、肥胖筛查标准,对不同性别和年龄段的老年人的超重和肥胖率进行比较,用χ2检验;对不同的形态指标的比较,用t检验。结果北戴河区老年人总体超重率为43.52%,肥胖率为15.41%。男女的身高、体重、腰围、臀围形态指标,均差异有统计学意义(均P0.01)。不同性别和不同年龄段超重和肥胖没有统计学差异。结论北戴河老年人的超重和肥胖已成为普遍存在的、严重的公共卫生问题。     

Effectiveness of influenza vaccination in the elderly in a community in Italy

Objectives: Assess the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in reducing hospitalization due to pneumonia and influenza among elderly subjects in a community in central Italy. Estimate the hospitalization fraction preventable by extending the vaccination program. Methods: Case–control study. Cases were subjects aged 65+ at hospital admission (1 December 1994–31 March 1995). For each case two population controls were randomly chosen, matched by sex, age and residence. Variables of interest were recorded through a postal questionnaire and telephone interview. A matched-set analysis was carried out adjusting for concomitant chronic diseases, education, type of home heating, and smoking habits. The preventable fraction of hospitalization was computed through the application of the attributable risk estimate. The setting was 33 municipalities in central Italy including 169,370 residents aged 65 years or more. Results: Two hundred and seventy-five cases 550 controls were analyzed. Influenza vaccination was effective in preventing 33% of hospitalization due to pneumonia/influenza. The fraction of hospital admissions preventable by extending the vaccination was 17%. When the analysis was limited to self-respondents to the questionnaire (excluding next-of-kin) and to pneumonia/influenza as primary discharge diagnosis, protection from hospitalization by vaccination almost reached 50%, a better result in comparison with most case–control studies. Conclusions: Influenza vaccination was shown to be successful in reducing hospital admissions due to pneumonia and influenza. A large number of hospitalizations could be reduced extending the vaccination campaign.     

Prevalence of stroke and transient ischaemic attack in the elderly population of an Italian rural community

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of stroke and transient ischaemic attack in the elderly population, including the oldest residents, of a rural Italian community. Methods: A door-to-door survey was performed between April and October 2001 in 2390 subjects aged 65 years and over. A symptom questionnaire validated by medical records and neurological examination was employed. Results: Complete information was available for 2260 subjects. The overall prevalence of stroke was 8.2% in males and 5.1% in females. In the very elderly, this increased to 10.7% in males and 10% in females and decreased only in males aged 90 years or over. The overall prevalence of transient ischaemic attack was 7% in males and 4.9% in females. This, too, increased with age, reaching 10.2% in males and 7.4% in females and decreased only in subjects of both sexes aged 85 years or over. Conclusions: An actual estimate of the high prevalence of cerebrovascular disease in the elderly population, even in very old subjects, was thus achieved. Appropriate health care services consequently need to be planned.     

湖北省中老年人群超重与肥胖横断面调查

目的了解湖北省中老年人群超重和肥胖流行现状与影响因素,为进一步开展超重与肥胖人群防治和采取有效的干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,横断面调查湖北省10个县市35岁以上人群超重与肥胖病的流行情况及生活习惯等。结果湖北省35岁以上人群超重与肥胖标化患病率为4.4%,男性和女性分别为30.2%和29.6%,农村、城镇、城市分别为26.7%、29.7%和31.9%;超重肥胖率在女性、城市人群中为高;超重肥胖率随饮食消费增高而上升;超重肥胖组相关慢性病患病率除糖尿病外均高于非超重肥胖组。结论湖北省中老年超重肥胖现状不容乐观,超重肥胖现患率与性别、年龄、区域和饮食消费等因素相关。     

太原地区3 173名老年人睡眠障碍现况调查

目的 了解太原地区老年人各种睡眠障碍的流行病学特点及失眠的相关因素.方法 采用多级抽样方法,对太原地区3173名60～100岁的老年人进行人户调查,筛选出有睡眠障碍症状者,由专科医生复查并作出诊断.结果 (1)3173名老年人中,有各种睡眠障碍症状者2132例,患病率为67.2%;其中失眠症、多梦、习惯性打鼾、日间嗜睡的患病率均较高,分别为39.65%、38.58%、26.66%、34.32%.(2)随着年龄的增长,男性老年人早醒、起夜次数多、日间嗜睡、睡眠呼吸障碍及睡眠节律紊乱的患病率有明显上升趋势(P＜0.01);随着年龄的增长,女性老年人早醒、日间嗜睡及睡眠节律紊乱的患病率也有明显上升趋势(P＜0.01).(3)经logistic回归分析,独居、情绪障碍、躯体疼痛、夜尿次数多(P＜0.01)与男性老年人失眠的发病有关;独居及麻/瘙痒等感觉异常(P＜0.01)、情绪障碍(P＜0.05)与女性老年人失眠的发病有关.结论 太原地区老年人中各种睡眠障碍的患病率有上升趋势;应注重老年人情绪、躯体疾病对睡眠的影响.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the prevalence rates of sleep disorders and the correlatives in the elderly from Taiyuan city.Methods All of the 3173 elderly (aged 60 years to 100 years) in Taiyuan city were investigated at home through questionnaires,regarding their sleep condition.Subjects with sleep disorders were then screened through questionnaires and reexamined/diagnosed by special doctors.Results (1) Among the 3173 elderly,2132 subjects complained of having sleep disorders.The total prevalence of sleep disorders was 67.2%.The prevalence rates of chronic insomnia,multi-dreams,habitual snoring and daytime drowsiness were 39.65%,38.58%,26.66% and 34.32% respectively.(2)In the male elderly,the prevalence rates of being awaken early,having more urination at night,daytime drowsiness,sleep-respiratory disturbance and indiscriminate sleep rhythm increased with age(P＜0.01).However,in the female elderly,the prevalence rates of being awaken early,having daytime drowsiness and indiscriminate sleep rhythm also had a tendency of increase (P＜0.01).(3) Living alone,emotional disorder,pain and nocturia (P＜0.01) were the risk factors of chronic insomnia in the male elderly while living alone,numbness/pruritus(P＜0.01),emotional disorder (P＜0.05),were the risk factors of chronic insomnia in the female elderly.Conclusion The prevalence rates of some sleep disturbances in the elderly in Taiyuan city were generally correspondent with prevalence rates reported elsewhere that called for more attention be paid to the effect of mood disturbance and diseases related to sleep condition among the eldexly.     

上海市区中老年男性吸烟状况与肥胖关系的横断面研究

目的 评价上海市区中老年男性吸烟状况与肥胖的关系.方法 利用2002-2006年开展的上海市男性健康队列基线调查资料,分析61 491名40～74岁研究对象的吸烟情况与身体测量数据、体重变化等的关联.吸烟状况和体重变化数据采用问卷方式进行收集,身高、体重、腰围、臀围由调查员面访时对被访者进行测量而得.多元回归模型用于估计吸烟与肥胖间的关联强度,并调整可能的混杂因素.结果 调整年龄等可能的混杂因素后,吸烟组的体质指数(BMI)(23.4±3.1)和成人期体重增加值[(11.6±9.7)kg]均低于从未吸烟者组的BMI(24.0±2.9)和成人期体重增加值[(12.7±8.9)kg],两组平均BMI相差0.60(95%CI:-O.67～-0.54),体重增加相差1.46 kg(95%CI:-1.65～-1.27).吸烟组腰围臀围比(WHO)高于不吸烟组,平均差值达0.006 08(95%CI:0.005 08～0.007 09),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).开始吸烟年龄越早,日吸烟支数越多,吸烟年数越长,总吸烟包年数越高,两组WHR的差值越大(趋势检验,P＜0.05).戒烟者的BMI、WHR和体重增加z值在戒烟的头几年均高于从未吸烟者,但随后可恢复至未吸烟者的水平.结论 吸烟与体重呈负相关,但可能加重中心性肥胖.戒烟虽伴暂时的体重上升,但随戒烟时间的延长,该效应消失.     

2010年我国≥60岁老年人超重/肥胖流行特征

目的 了解我国/>60岁老年人超重/肥胖流行特征。方法 利用2010年中国慢病监测收集的相关信息,将项目中所有年龄≥60岁的19882人作为研究对象。对样本进行复杂加权后,按性别及年龄、城乡、地区、教育程度、经济收入等分组分别计算BMI均值、百分位数、超重率和肥胖率。结果 我国≥60岁老年人平均BMI为23.8±3.6kg/m²;超重率为32.1%,男、女性分别为31.O%和33.3%(f=15.23,P<0.05),城市和农村分别为38.3%和29.1%(Z2=29.05,P<0.05);肥胖率为12.4%,男、女性分别为9.3%和15.3%(C=152.75,P60岁老年人中超重者(25kg/m²<一BMI<30kg/m²)比例为29.3%,肥胖者(BMI>一30kg/m²)比例为5.3%。结论 2010年我国≥60岁老年人中,有接近一半的人体重超过正常标准。老年人平均BMI、超重率及肥胖率均为女性高于男性、城市高于农村、随年龄增长而下降,随教育程度及家庭平均经济收入增加而上升。     

中国成年人高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗和控制状况

目的　评估中国成年人高血压的患病率、高血压知晓率、治疗和控制状况。方法　亚洲国际心血管病合作研究 (InterASIA)于 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 1年进行 ,应用多阶段抽样方法选择有代表性的样本。共调查了 35～ 74岁的成年人 15 838人。测量血压时 ,先让调查对象休息 5min ,由经过培训合格的调查人员应用标准水银柱血压计测量 3次血压。应用标准问卷询问高血压病史及高血压的治疗情况。高血压定义为收缩压≥ 140mmHg、舒张压≥ 90mmHg或正在服用降压药。结果　 35～ 74岁的中国成年人的高血压患病率为 2 7 2 %,即全国约有 1 3亿高血压患者。 35～ 44、45～ 5 4、5 5～ 6 4和 6 5～ 74岁年龄组的高血压患病专率分别为男性 17 4%、 2 8 2 %、 40 7%和 47 3 %;女性为 10 7%、2 6 8%、38 9%和 5 0 2 %。在高血压病人中 ,44 7%知道自己患有高血压 ,2 8 2 %正在服用降压药 ,8 1%的人血压得到了控制 ( <140 / 90mmHg)。在过去 10年中 ,高血压知晓、治疗和控制率的增长百分率分别为 86 2 %、92 6 %和 145 4%。结论　在过去的 10年中 ,高血压知晓、治疗和控制率有显著的提高。中国成年人高血压的患病率比较高 ,而高血压的知晓率偏低 ,治疗率和控制率又非常低。在我国迫切需要改善高血压的预防、检测和治疗状况     

Prevalence and determinants of obesity in an urban sample of Portuguese adults

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and the determinants of obesity, and the associated cardiovascular risk factors in a random sample of non-institutionalised adults. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: A random sample of 1436 habitants of Porto (873 women and 563 men) aged 18-90 years. MEASUREMENTS: All participants answered a structured questionnaire comprising information on social, demographic, behavioural and clinical aspects. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure and fasting blood samples were obtained. Diet was assessed using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire, and physical activity was evaluated using a questionnaire exploring all professional, domestic and leisure-time activities. When the body mass index was > or =30 kg/m2, the subject was considered as 'obese'. Proportions were age adjusted for the European population. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity was significantly higher in women (26.1%) than men (13.9%). Regardless of gender, obesity increased with age, decreased with education, and was more frequent in married blue-collar workers and unemployed subjects. Smoking was more prevalent in subjects of normal weight, and a higher proportion of those reporting no regular exercise were obese. In men, obesity prevalence increased with increasing quartiles of energy intake, but no such changes were found in women. Compared with subjects of normal weight, obese men showed a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension (53.3 vs 26.1%) and hypertriglyceridaemia (23.4 vs 9.0%). Also, hypertension (43.7 vs 30.7%), diabetes (7.6 vs 2.7%), hypertriglyceridaemia (27.1 vs 5.0%), and abnormal low-density lipoprotein (30.4 vs 21.4%) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (15.0 vs 5.3%) were more frequent in obese women. CONCLUSION: Obesity is a major public health issue in urban Portuguese populations, and obese individuals have many features of metabolic syndrome. Education and relative deprivation are modifiable factors that are significantly associated with obesity. However, no clear-cut relationship was found between physical activity and energy intake.     

老年男性体检人群精神症状自评量表评定结果分析

目的探讨老年男性体检人群心理问题的患病水平及主要影响因素,为早期开展针对性防治措施提供数据支持。方法 2015年3月~7月在北京市某部队三甲医院常规体检的老年男性人群进行横断面调查,采用精神症状自评量表进行心理问题评估。结果本研究纳入1 132名老年男性体检对象,年龄60~99岁,平均(75.2±9.5)岁,其中80岁及以上共有405人,占35.8%;共有101名研究对象精神症状自评量表(SCL-90)阳性,阳性率为8.9%,其中,80岁及以上高龄老年人的阳性率为9.9%;SCL-90总分均值为24.5±23.2;影响老年男性体检人群心理健康的主要因子分别是强迫症状(9.9%)、躯体化(8.6%)和附加因子(8.6%),除了躯体化因子外,老年男性体检人群的SCL-90因子分显著低于军人与地方常模分数(P0.01);离异/丧偶、饮食偏好和睡眠障碍是影响老年男性人群心理健康问题的危险因素,其OR值分别为1.44(95%CI为1.29~1.76)、2.12(95%CI为1.38~3.24)和3.37(95%CI为2.31~4.93),而经常体育锻炼是老年男性人群心理健康的保护因素,其OR值为0.58(95%CI为0.31~0.86)。结论老年男性人群的精神心理问题患病率较低,婚姻状况、饮食偏好、体育锻炼和睡眠障碍是影响心理健康问题的重要因素。这提示需要重视老年人群尤其是离异/丧偶、存在睡眠障碍等的人群,并早期开展针对性的措施,以减少严重精神心理问题的发生。     

中国7城市老年人高尿酸血症患病率调查

目的 分析中国城乡老年人高尿酸血症（HUA）患病情况及人口学特征。方法 采用按类分层分阶段整群抽样方法,在南北方7个城市调查城乡社区≥60岁老年人,共5 376人。入户采用统一调查问卷和体格检查获得样本基本信息及健康状况,并抽血测定血尿酸（UA）水平。采用χ²检验分析不同特征老年群体之间HUA患病率的差异。结果 共完成5 351例城乡社区老年人健康调查,UA平均水平为302.8 μmol/L。其中男性329.5 μmol/L,女性282.7 μmol/L;农村272.4 μmol/L,城市315.5 μmol/L;HUA总患病率达13.1%（加权值）,女性（14.1%）高于男性（12.0%）（P<0.05）;城市（15.8%）高于农村（6.9%）（P<0.01）;南方（16.0%）高于北方（11.6%）（P<0.01）;≥60岁UA平均水平及HUA患病率随年龄增长呈上升趋势,在60～、65～、70～、75～、80～岁5个年龄段的HUA患病率及UA平均水平（μmol/L）分别为9.5%（287.7）、11.9%（295.9）、14.5%（308.1）、16.4%（311.6）、21.9%（323.3）（P<0.01）。结论 中国城乡老年人HUA患病率女性高于男性,城市高于农村,南方高于北方,且随年龄增加患病率呈增长趋势。     

Appending Epidemiological Studies to Conventional Case–Control Studies (Hybride Case–Control Studies)

This paper summarizes several studies that can be appended to conventional case-control studies especially in the context of case-control studies that focus on etiologic questions. Appending studies to case-control studies may further add to the understanding of the epidemiology of diseases under investigation. We explain their uses, implications and limitations. One can append the following studies to a case-control study: (1) case-only study, (2) case crossover study, (3) case cross-sectional study, (4) control cross-sectional study, (5) case follow-up study, and (6) control follow-up study. The choice of the additional studies that are appended to the conventional case-control study has implications for the set of data and biological material that has to be collected, the ethical review board and the informed consent. Due to several limitations, the attachment of additional studies to a case-control study should be carefully considered and limited to only few additional studies in order to avoid overburden of the study participants and study personnel.     

我国中老年人超重、肥胖变化情况及影响因素分析

目的 了解我国中老年人超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖患病率的变化情况,分析中老年人超重/肥胖的影响因素并提出合理的体重控制措施。方法 采用中国健康与养老追踪调查2011、2013和2015年的数据,通过χ²检验比较各年度中老年人性别、年龄间超重和肥胖情况的差异,并分析中老年人超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖患病率的变化趋势。基于2015年数据,采用χ²检验进行单因素分析,并通过二分类Logistic回归分析分别得出中老年人超重/肥胖的影响因素。结果 女性、中年人的超重、肥胖情况比男性、老年人更严重,中老年人超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖患病率逐年升高。超重率从2011年的29.2%上升到了2015年的33.2%,肥胖率从11.5%上升到13.0%,中心型肥胖概率从58.3%上升到63.9%。多因素分析结果显示,激烈活动频率、室内休闲活动、是否吸烟对中年人的超重/肥胖有影响（均有P<0.05）,而老年人超重/肥胖的影响因素包括午睡时间、激烈活动频率、室内休闲活动、户外休闲活动、是否吸烟等（均有P<0.05）。结论 我国中老年人群超重、肥胖问题日益严重,不同年龄段人群超重/肥胖的影响因素不尽相同,要采取针对性措施对中老年人群开展体重干预。     

北京某社区不同性别老年人群血尿酸水平与高血压的现况研究

目的 在社区老年人群中,探讨血尿酸（serum uric acid,SUA）水平与高血压的关系。方法 在2009年9月~2010年6月期间,使用整群随机抽样的方法对北京市万寿路地区60岁及以上的老年人进行横断面调查。结果 本研究的分析样本为2 074例老年人（男性839例,女性1 235例）。在老年女性的研究对象中,血尿酸水平的增加使高血压的患病风险增加（OR=1.004,95% CI：1.002~1.006,P<0.001）;以血尿酸四分位数最低组作为参照组,随着血尿酸水平增加,高血压的患病风险增加（血尿酸水平Q2（OR=1.263,95% CI：0.902~1.773,P=0.187）,血尿酸水平Q3（OR=2.008,95% CI：1.412~2.872,P<0.001）和血尿酸水平Q4（OR=2.015,95% CI：1.403~2.922,P<0.001））;患有高尿酸血症者,罹患高血压的风险高于非高尿酸血症者（OR=1.563,95% CI：1.082~2.253,P=0.018）。在男性中,仅血尿酸水平使高血压的患病风险增加 （OR=1.002,95% CI：1.000~1.004,P=0.036）。结论 血尿酸水平与高血压有相关性,特别是在老年女性当中。临床医生应特别关注老年女性的血尿酸水平,维持正常的血尿酸水平可能对高血压的预防和控制具有重要作用。     

福州市鼓山镇农村老年期痴呆患病率调查

目的 调查福州市鼓山镇农村≥65岁人群痴呆的患病率.方法 采用普查法,对福州市鼓山镇22个村委会≥65岁的老年人进行痴呆患病率的调查,调查采用筛查和确诊两阶段法,按美国精神病协会的精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)的标准诊断痴呆.结果 符合样本纳入标准的人群共2913人,实际调查2696人,共确诊痴呆患者197例,患病率为7.3%.其中男、女性痴呆患病率分别为5.1%、8.9%,男性低于女性.不同受教育程度人群痴呆患病率不同,文盲人群痴呆患病率最高,达9.2%;小学文化程度痴呆患病率居其次,为5.2%;初中文化程度痴呆患病率为3.9%;高中文化程度痴呆患病率最低,为2.5%.多因素非条件logistic回归分析显示,年龄、日常生活能力情况、婚姻状况、月收入、看电视、打麻将及照顾家人是老年痴呆的影响因素.结论 痴呆患病率随年龄的增加而逐渐升高;受教育程度低者痴呆的患病率较高;经常看电视/电影或现场表演、玩牌,麻将或下棋及照顾家人等业余活动者痴呆的患病率较低.     

Factors associated with obesity in Kuwaiti children

The prevalence of adult obesity in Kuwait is among the highest in the Arab peninsula, and cardiovascular disease, for which obesity is a risk factor, is the leading cause of death. This study reports familial and environmental factors associated with childhood obesity; in addition to adverse effects of obesity on children's serum lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, insulin, and blood pressure profiles. The authors carried out a pair-matched case–control study including 460 obese (body mass index >90th percentile of the age/sex specific reference value of the National Center for Health Statistics), school children 6 to 13 years old matched by age and gender to 460 normal weight controls. We ascertained obese children in a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of 2400 school children selected from 20 schools by multistage stratified random sampling. Biochemical variables and blood pressure were adversely affected in obese children. The conditional logistic regression analysis showed that family history of obesity, and diabetes mellitus, respiratory and bone diseases in child were significant associated factors with obesity after adjusting for social and behavioural factors. Physical activity and parental social class were not significant. We recommend early preventive measures with emphasis on families in which one or both parents are overweight.     

Prevalence of dementia among elderly people in Troina,Sicily

We performed a two-stage survey on the prevalence of dementia among people aged over 74 in Troina, northern Sicily, Italy. During the first stage people were screened by the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE), previously validated in our population for the cut-off score with 100% sensitivity and the best specificity to diagnose dementia. During the second stage people scoring 19 or less at the MMSE test were invited to be examined by a neurologist who diagnosed dementia according toDSM-III R. Out of 365 subjects of the initial sample 347 were screened by MMSE test and 163 scored 19 or less. Of these, 135 were neurologically and neuropsychologically examined in the second stage, and 80 proved to be demented. The minimal estimate of prevalence of dementia in our sample was 21.9% (21.9% men, 21.8% women). The poor education and psychosocial life may be the underlying condition favoring dementia in this sample of elderly people.     

2010年我国中心型肥胖流行状况及腰围分布特征分析

目的 了解我国不同地区、不同人群成人中心型肥胖的流行现状和腰围的分布,为开展有针对性的肥胖预防控制工作提供依据.方法 利用2010年中国慢性病及其危险因素监测身体测量获得的数据,分析我国18岁及以上成人中心型肥胖的流行现状,描述城乡、不同地区、不同性别及年龄人群的分布及差异.结果 我国成人中心型肥胖率为40.7％,男性、女性中心型肥胖率的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);随着年龄的增长,中心型肥胖率呈现先升高、后下降的趋势.城市地区居民中心型肥胖率(44.6％)明显高于农村居民(38.4％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).无论男性、女性,中心型肥胖率在东部城市最高,西部农村最低.成人平均腰围为(80.3±0.3) cm,男性为(82.3±0.3) cm,女性为(78.2±0.3) cm,男性腰围明显大于女性,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).随着年龄的增长,腰围逐渐升高,到60岁以后逐渐降低.城市地区人群平均腰围(81.3±0.4) cm,农村地区为(79.7±0.3) cm.结论 我国中心型肥胖在人群中广泛流行并呈现加速上升的趋势,必须采取有效的措施遏制肥胖的持续流行和加速上升的趋势.     

天津市居民高血压患病率及其危险因素

目的了解天津市居民高血压的流行病学特征及其影响因素。方法按照2005年《中国高血压防治指南》推荐标准,于2006年采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,对天津市3个城区、3个郊区共20 346名≥18岁居住5年以上的常住人口进行了调查。采用入户面对面问卷调查的方法,并做体格检查和相关测量。采用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果天津市≥18岁居民高血压实际调查患病率为27.75%(按全国人口构成标化率为21.88%,按天津市人口构成标化率为22.26%),高于中国居民2002年营养与健康状况调查≥18岁人群高血压患病率(18.8%)。高血压患病率随年龄增长而增加,农村高血压患病率高于城市,无论城市还是农村,男性均高于女性。经Logistic回归分析显示,危险因素的OR值及95%CI为农村1.794(1.628～1.976)、男性1.208(1.108～1.317)、年龄高1.588(1.540～1.638)、文化程度较低1.126(1.080～1.174)、人均年收入较低1.135(1.083～1.190)、饮酒1.329(1.200～1.472)、饮茶1.242(1.123～1.376)、空腹血糖受损1.722(1.488～1.993)、糖尿病1.768(1.544～2.024),超重1.749(1.614～1.896)和肥胖3.047(2.750～3.376)。结论天津市高血压患病率较高,农村高于城市,应采取加强健康教育,提倡合理的生活方式等有效措施,降低高血压的患病情况。     

芷江西社区70岁及以上人群白内障现患调查

目的了解本社区≥70岁老年人群白内障的现患和分布特点。方法对本社区≥70岁户藉居民进行视力和眼部检查。结果共调查3873人，白内障患病率为34．83％，盲和低视力患病率分别为1．27％，6．66％。因白内障致盲和低视力者共271例，占白内障患者总数20．09％，男女患病比为1：2．19。结论白内障是本社区老年人致盲和低视力的主要病因，必须将开展老年性白内障健康教育和手术复明工作列为社区老年保健的重要内容之一。