股动脉置管溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成12例护理体会

对12例下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)患者采用患侧股动脉置管进行微泵注入中等量尿激酶、肝素钠、局部溶栓及全身抗凝治疗.结果12例行股动脉置管溶栓治疗取得较满意的临床疗效,患肢肿胀消退,未发生肺栓塞.提示股动脉置管局部溶栓治疗下肢DVT患者疗效显著,同时溶栓治疗过程中精心护理,有效地预防了并发症的发生.     

置管溶栓联合髂静脉腔内治疗髂静脉压迫综合征伴下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床效果观察

目的 探讨置管溶栓联合髂静脉腔内治疗时机对髂静脉压迫综合征(IVCS)伴下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)患者溶栓效果的影响.方法 收集2015年8月至2018年8月我院收治的IVCS伴DVT患者97例,按照髂静脉狭窄程度分为甲组(n=38)先行髂静脉球囊扩张成形术(PTA)合并支架植入术,再行导管接触性溶栓(CDT)治疗;...     

95例肿瘤合并肺栓塞患者临床特点分析

目的探讨肿瘤合并肺栓塞患者的临床特点,为临床肿瘤合并肺栓塞早期预防和诊治提供依据。方法对我院2014年1月至2016年12月收治的肿瘤合并肺栓塞的患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果恶性肿瘤合并肺栓塞患者95例,平均年龄(62.7±11.8)岁,≥60岁56例,占58.9%,其中腺癌56例,合并下肢单纯深静脉血栓(DVT)49例,合并高血压48例,合并糖尿病有18例,合并高胆固醇血症14例,合并高尿酸血症12例。肺栓塞诊断在肿瘤诊断之前有18例,肺栓塞与肿瘤同时诊断30例,肺栓塞诊断在肿瘤诊断之后47例。30例接受化疗或靶向药物治疗间期发生肺栓塞,16例化疗方案含铂类药物。2例接受溶栓联合低分子肝素抗凝治疗,67例单独接受低分子肝素抗凝治疗,22例接受低分子肝素桥接华法林抗凝治疗,3例接受利伐沙班抗凝治疗。92例抗凝治疗后症状缓解,有效率96.8%。结论年龄≥60岁,病理类型为腺癌、合并DVT、恶性肿瘤诊断3个月内患者高发肺栓塞,恶性肿瘤合并肺栓塞患者的早期诊断、预防与治疗是降低病死率及改善预后的关键因素。     

1例肺癌患者股静脉置管后合并下肢静脉血栓的护理

正化疗是中晚期恶性肿瘤患者最主要的治疗方法,由于化疗药物外渗后易致局部皮肤组织坏死,为了减轻化疗患者反复穿刺所造成的痛苦以及化疗药外渗引起的并发症,临床上多采用外周至中心静脉置管。但在临床应用中,深静脉置管也可出现深静脉血栓等并发症。深静脉血栓形成(Deep venous thrombosis,DVT)是指血液在深静脉内不正常凝结,阻塞管腔,导致静脉回流障碍,多发于下肢,可引起患肢肿胀、疼痛等,重者可并发肺栓塞(pulmonory     

国产下腔静脉滤器在下肢深静脉血栓治疗中的应用

目的评价国产下腔静脉滤器(IVCF)在治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)中的疗效和安全性。方法2002年1月-2006年8月,82例下肢DVT患者施行了国产IVCF置入术。IVCF置入后行经导管尿激酶溶栓、髂静脉球囊扩张或/和支架置入治疗,经右颈内静脉途径行IVCF取出术。结果共置入82个IVCF,技术成功率100%,无复发性肺栓塞,主要并发症发生率为2.4%。70例患者将国产IVCF取出,IVCF平均留置时间为(11.9±9.5)天;12例患者IVCF为永久性留置,随访3~48个月,IVCF无移位及血栓形成。结论国产IVCF能安全、有效预防肺栓塞,国产IVCF置入术是治疗下肢DVT的重要方法之一。     

下肢深静脉血栓形成43例临床护理

目的:探讨下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)患者行置管溶栓治疗的护理方法。方法:对43例DVT患者采用置管溶栓、抗凝治疗,观察临床效果。结果:本组治愈16例,显效22例,有效5例。治疗前后髌骨上下缘周径比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对于使用置管溶栓治疗下肢DVT的患者,给予精心护理,可减少并发症发生。     

血液透析中深静脉置管血栓形成患者的预后分析

目的 探讨血液透析中深静脉置管血栓形成患者的预后.方法 对1560例行深静脉置管进行血液透析患者的情况进行回顾性分析.其中经腹股沟穿刺中心静脉置管1382例(88.5％,1382/1560),经锁骨下穿刺中心静脉置管102例(6.5％,102/1560),经颈部中心静脉置管76例(4.8％,76/1560).1560例患者中发生深静脉血栓形成(DVT) 38例(2.4％,38/1560),其中轻度25例(65.8％),中度7例(18.4％),重度6例(15.8％).结果 DVT早期经溶栓、抗凝及行影像介入肺动脉插管碎解和抽吸血栓等治疗,大多在1周内症状、体征好转或减轻,有2例＞ 70岁患者因并发严重大面积肺动脉栓塞抢救无效而死亡.结论 深静脉置管后很容易形成深静脉血栓,早期经积极处理,大多数患者能够好转.     

股动脉置管溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成12例护理体会

对12例下肢深静脉血栓形成（DVT）患者采用患侧股动脉置管进行微泵注入中等量尿激酶、肝素钠、局部溶栓及全身抗凝治疗。结果12例行股动脉置管溶栓治疗取得较满意的临床疗效,患肢肿胀消退,未发生肺栓塞。提示股动脉置管局部溶栓治疗下肢DVT患者疗效显著,同时溶栓治疗过程中精心护理,有效地预防了并发症的发生。     

下腔静脉滤器置入应用于下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床分析

目的 探讨下腔静脉滤器(VCF)置入联合抗凝溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的效果及防治肺动脉栓塞的意义.方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至2011年9月我院收治的DVT患者115例,选择27例适合行VCF置入的患者,在数字减影血管造影术下行VCF置入,术后给予溶栓、抗凝等治疗.结果 27例患者下腔静脉内均成功置入VCF,经溶栓、抗凝后患肢肿胀明显消退,术后无肺栓塞及滤器置入相关并发症发生.结论 VCF置人联合抗凝溶栓治疗DVT疗效好且安全,VCF置入可有效预防下肢深静脉血栓患者肺栓塞的发生.     

双相溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成12例临床观察

深静脉血栓形成(DVT)是影响人类健康的主要疾病之一，美国每年有近50万DVT病人，其中近10％发展成致命性肺栓塞(PE)，而其余多数病例发展成深静脉血栓后综合征。我国的发展率虽低于西方发达国家，也并非少见。DVT一直是临床治疗的难点，至今缺少规范、系统的治疗方法，但抗凝治疗为目前公认的治疗DVT和防治PE的方法。具有改善侧支循环和促进血栓再通的作用，一般的溶栓疗法在周围静脉穿刺后滴入溶栓药，治疗效果往往不佳。随着血管腔内微创介入治疗技术的进步，近年来有较多作者主张采用静脉腔内导管直接溶栓等介入治疗。但下肢DVT往往是多处的，单从一根静脉穿刺置管往往遗漏其余部位病变取得的疗效往往不佳。作者近年来采用经股动脉穿刺置管注药治疗下肢DVT取得较满意效果。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.