双苄基异喹啉类生物碱的心血管药理作用

Tetrandrine, dauricine, daurisoline and neferine are bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid derivatives isolated from Chinese traditional medicine and herbs. The cardiovascular pharmacological effects and the mechanism of actions of these compounds were reviewed. Tetrandrine isolated from Stephania tetrandra S Moore possesses antihyper-tensive and antiarrhythmic effects. The antihypertensive effects of tetrandrine have been demonstrated in experi-mental hypertensive animals and in hypertensive patients. Recent studies showed that in addition to its calcium antagonistic effect, tetrandrine interacted with M receptors. Modulation by M receptor is one of the pharmacologi-cal mechanisms of cardiovascular effects of tetrandrine. Dauricine and daurisoloine were isolated from Menispermum dauricum DC. The antiarrhythmic effects of dauricine have been verified in different experimental arrhythmic models and in cardiac arrhythmic patients. Dauricine blocked the cardiac transmembrane Na ,K and Ca2 ion currents. Differin     

各种不同年龄人参的皂苷含量及其抗小鼠肿瘤的作用(英文)

AIM: To compare the anticarcinogenic effects of fresh, white, and red ginseng (Panax ginseng C A Meyer) roots and their saponins. METHODS: Lung adenoma in newborn N : GP ( S) mice was induced by a subcutaneous injection of benzo(a)pyrene 0.5 mg. After weaning, ginseng powders or extracts were given in the drinking water for 6 wk. In the 9th wk the incidence and multiplicity of lung adenoma were counted. RESULTS: Anticarcinogenic effects were found in 6-year-dried fresh ginseng, 5- and 6-year white ginseng, and 4-, 5-, and 6-year-red ginseng powders. Anticarcinogenic effects were also found in 6-year-dried fresh ginseng, 5- and 6-year-white ginseng, and 4-, 5-, and 6-year-red ginseng extracts. The content of major ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2> RC. Rd,Re, Rf,Rg1 showed a little higher tendency in fresh or white ginsengs than red ginseng. This tendency was increased as the cultivation ages were increased. But there was no relationship was found between ginsenoside contents and preparation types or cultivation age     

HPLC-ELSD法测定杜仲皮、叶和种子中桃叶珊瑚苷的含量

Objective：To determine the content of aucubin in the barks, leaves and seeds of Eucommia ulmoides with HPLC-ELSD. Method： An HPLC-ELSD method was set up using Inertsil ODS-3 C18 （4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5μm） column. The mobile phase consisted of methanol - water（8： 92） ,with a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min^-1. The temperature of drift tube heater was 112. 9 ℃and the gas was flowing at the rate of 2. 8 L · min^-1. Results：The linear range of aucubin determination was 1.04 ～ 20. 9μg. The barks, leaves and seeds of Eucommia ulmoides were analyzed,the contents in them were 0. 999%, 1. 031% and 2.498%. The average recovery of aucubin were 98.2% ,97.3% ,97.5% ;RDS were 1.8% ,2. 1% ,2.0%. Conclusion：The method is simple and rapid with reproducibility for the determination of aucubin in the barks,leaves and seeds of Eucommia ulmoides.     

Iridoid Glycosides from Buddleja lindeyana

Aim To study the chemical constituents of Buddleja lindeyana. Methods The constituents were separated and purified by different methods of chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by IR, MS and NMR. Results Three iridoid glycosides and two other compounds were isolated from Buddeja lindeyana. Their structures were elucidated to be 6-O-fendoylajugol (1), erythro-6-oxo-4‘-(3-methoxyl-4-hydroxyphenylglycol-8“)-fendoylaj-ugol (2), threo-6-oxo-4‘-(3-methoxyl-4-hydroxyphenylglycol-8“)-fendoylajugol (3), tetra-cosanoic acid 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (4), and galactitol (5). Conclusion All the compounds have been isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1,2 and 3 have protective effect agains MPP^ -induced apoptosis.     

人参果皂甙的抗应激作用和对垂体—肾上腺皮质系统功能的影响

With various methods (temperature, swimming, hypoxia and toxicant), observations were made on the anti-stress effects of the saponins extracted from panax ginseng fruit (SPGF) injected intraperitoneally into white mice. The results obtained are as follows: SPGF exhibited a highly significant anti-hypoxia effect and anti-fatigue action. In addition, saponins strikingly raised the animals' ability to tolerate temperature stress and impede significantly the elevation of SGPT liver induced by injection of CCl₄. But this effect was abolished by the extirpation of the adrenals. Administration of SPGF by gavage caused marked depletion of adrenal ascorbic acid in intact rats. Stress condition and ACTH depleted the ascorbic acid content of the adrenals in rats. Previous administration of SPGF exhibited an inhibiting effect on such depletion. However, the adrenal ascorbic acid regulating effect of the compound disappeared in hypophysectomized rats. From these results, it would appear that SPGF has a stimulatory action on the hypophyseal—adrenal system.     

Immunomodulatory effects and mechanisms of plant alkaloid tetrandrine in autoimmune diseases

Autoimmune diseases characterized by activation of immune effector cells and damage of target organs are currently treated with a combination of several disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) that preserve different immunomodulatory mechanisms. Such a combination treatment strategy not only provides synergistic effects but also reduces side effects from individual drug. Tetrandrine (Tet), purified from a creeper Stephania tetrandra S Moore, is a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid and has been used to treat patients with silicosis, autoim-mune disorders, and hypertension in Mainland China for decades. The accumulated studies both in vitro and in vivo reveal that Tet preserves a wide variety of immunosuppressive effects. Importantly, the Tet-mediated immu-nosuppressive mechanisms are evidently different from some known DMARDs. The synergistic effects have also been demonstrated between Tet and other DMARDs like FK506 and cyclosporin. These results highlight Tet a very potential candidate to be consid     

植物多糖在胃肠道及肝病中的新作用

The polysaccharide fraction from various herbal medicines has been well studied for its immunomodulatory action and antitumor effect, such as lentinan and lucid Ganoderma, for more than twenty years. These actions and effects may be due to stimulation of the phagocytic activity and anti-inflammatory action. It is also found to increase hematopoiesis in the bone marrow and to promote proliferation of several types of hematopoietic precursor cells. It was also found to provide radioprotective effect by improving the recovery of hematopoietic function in animals. These findings suggest that the polysaccharides from plant origins have significant pharmacological action on cells with high proliferative capacity in the body. Recently, increasing evidence implicates that vegetal polysaccharides have similar protective and repairing activities in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract as the cells in this system also have the same biological property. In this review, we would like to update and summarize findings both in animals and in human pertaining to the pharmacological actions of polysaccharides from different vegetal sources on the GI and hepatic disorders including ulcer and cancer diseases.     

Protective effects of baicalin on oxygen/glucose deprivation - and NMDA -induced injuries in rat hippocampal slices

Baicalin is a flavonoid derivative from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi with various pharmacological effects. Recently, the neuroprotective effect of baicalin has been reported. To confirm this effect and explore the possible mechanism, we investigated the protective effect of baicalin on ischemic-like or excitotoxic injury and the activation of protein kinase C （ （PKC（） in rat hippocampal slices. In vitro ischemic-like injury was induced by oxygen/glucose deprivation （OGD） and the excitotoxic injury by N - methyl - D - aspartate （NMDA）. The viability and swelling of the slices were detected by TTC staining and image analysis of light transmittance （LT）, respectively,     

SOD—like Activity of Some Cu（Ⅱ）Complexes in Micelles

The SOD-like activity of five Cu(Ⅱ)complexes[Cu(HSal)_2·EtOH,Cu(Gly)_2,Cu(Lys)_2,Cu(His)_2,Cu(Try)_2]have been studied by using cytochrome C method,as well as chemilumine-scence and ESR technique.The four surfactants(CTAB,SDS,Triton X-100 and Tween 20)werepurified and their critical miceile concentration(CMC)in phosphate buffer(pH=7.4)was mea-sured.The effects of four surfactants on O_2~- have been investigated.The co-operative effects of     

Comparative acute effects of l-carnitine and dl-carnitine on hepatic catabolism of l-alanine and l-glutamine in rats

AIM: To compare the acute effects of l-carnitine (LCT) and dl-carnitine (DLC) on hepatic catabolism of l-alanine and l-glutamine in rats. METHODS: Livers from 24 h fasted and fed rats were perfused in situ. The substrates l-alanine (5 mmol/L) and l-glutamine (5 mmol/L) were employed. The gluconeogenic and ureogenic activity was measured as the difference between the rates of glucose and urea released during and before the infusion of l-glutamine or l-alanine. RESULTS: LCT (60 μmol/L) but not DLC (60 μmol/L and 120 μmol/L) increased the production of glucose and urea from l-glutamine. However, neither LCT (60 μmol/L and 120 μmol/L) nor DLC (60μmol/L and 240 μmol/L) showed any significant effect on hepatic glucose and urea production from l-alanine. CONCLUSION: The results showed a different acute effect of LCT and DLC on the activation of hepatic gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis promoted by l-glutamine, reinforcing the idea that DLC could not replace LCT.     

LC-MSn比较分析三种传统中草药中绿原酸及其衍生物组分

利用LC-MSⁿ分析了杜仲叶、金银花叶以及鱼腥草叶甲醇提取物中绿原酸及其异构体和衍生物。发现3种样品中都含有3种单咖啡酰奎尼酸(绿原酸)， 分别是3-咖啡酰奎尼酸(3-caffeoylquinic acid，3-CQA)、 4-CQA和5-CQA。杜仲叶和金银花叶中5-CQA为主要成分，但鱼腥草叶中以3-CQA和4-CQA为主要成分。在杜仲叶中首次发现咖啡酰奎尼酸糖苷；另外还发现金银花叶中有少量5-阿魏酰奎尼酸(5-feruloylquinic acid，5-FQA)；鱼腥草叶含有少量的3-FQA和4-肉桂酰奎尼酸(4-p-coumaroylquinic acid，4-pCoQA)。本文首次报道鱼腥草叶中绿原酸异构体成分，为3-CQA和4-CQA的开发提供了来源(植物中绿原酸的结构一般以5-CQA为主)。     

指纹图谱和主成分分析法评价杜仲叶的质量

目的采用主成分分析法(PCA)和指纹图谱法,对4个不同产地20个批次杜仲叶的质量进行评价。方法采用Aichrom AQ C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.5 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇与0.1%甲酸的梯度洗脱系统,检测波长323 nm;检测并确定了20个批次药材指纹图谱的14个共有峰,采用二维双指标评价法和PCA统计分析法,统计出杜仲叶组分的分布特点。结果 2号(绿原酸)、3号(咖啡酸)、7号(未知)、10号(未知)组分为显著贡献的主成分组分。结论不同产地杜仲叶样品中指纹组分各异,确定的主组分能显著区别药材的不同产地,可为杜仲叶药材质量的整体控制及其制剂的质量研究提供依据。     

Acanthopanax senticosus: review of botany, chemistry and pharmacology

Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim) Harms (Araliaceae), also called Siberian Ginseng, Eleutherococcus senticosus, and Ciwujia in Chinese, is a widely used traditional Chinese herb that could invigorate qi, strengthen the spleen, and nourish kidney in the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine. With high medicinal value, Acanthopanax senticosus (AS, thereafter) is popularly used as an "adaptogen" like Panax ginseng. In recent decades, a great number of chemical, pharmacological, and clinical studies on AS have been carried out worldwide. Several kinds of chemical compounds have been reported, including triterpenoid saponins, lignans, coumarins, and flavones, among which, phenolic compounds such as syringin and eleutheroside E, were considered to be the most active components. Considerable pharmacological experiments both in vitro and in vivo have persuasively demonstrated that AS possessed anti-stress, antiulcer, anti-irradiation, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities, etc. The present review is an up-to-date and comprehensive analysis of the botany, chemistry, pharmacology, toxicity and clinical trials of AS.     

杜仲多糖的提取方法及药理作用研究进展

杜仲是我国特有的名贵中药材,含有多糖、木脂素、环烯醚萜类、苯丙素类和黄酮类等多种化学成分,其中多糖类成分是杜仲的主要活性成分之一.杜仲多糖主要由葡萄糖、果糖、甘露糖、岩藻糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖6种单糖组成,具有降血糖、抗肝纤维化、抗疲劳、抗毒副作用和提高免疫力等作用.本文对杜仲多糖的提取方法和药理作用的研究现状进行了综述...     

降压中药有效成分组合对大鼠胸主动脉的舒张作用

目的研究杜仲、钩藤、葛根、决明子4种中药有效成分的单组分及其组合物对大鼠胸主动脉的舒张作用,筛选出最佳组合。方法从杜仲皮中提取降血压有效成分松脂醇二葡糖苷(PDG),钩藤中提取钩藤碱,葛根中提取葛根素,决明子中提取决明子蒽醌,以大鼠胸主动脉环为标本,观察单组分及组合物对去甲肾上腺素(NE)预收缩的血管舒张作用。结果 PDG、钩藤碱、葛根素和决明子蒽醌为2∶4∶4∶1时对NE预收缩的大鼠胸主动脉环舒张作用较明显,组合比例为1∶2∶2∶1在高质量浓度时血管舒张率为91.46%,强于阳性对照药维拉帕米。结论单组分及组合物对NE预收缩的大鼠胸主动脉均具有舒张作用,组合物舒血管作用强于单组分。     

对杜仲叶深度开发的思考与建议

结合当前杜仲叶开发研究实际，提出杜仲种植亟待探索建立新的生产模式;杜仲叶药用开发亟待有新的突破;杜仲叶胶用开发应大力发展;杜仲叶综合利用应深入研究等4点思考与建议，以更好地进行杜仲叶的深度开发。     

杜仲提取物预处理对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠抗氧化能力及一氧化氮的影响

目的观察杜仲提取物预处理对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤中抗氧化能力及一氧化氮的影响,探讨杜仲提取物抗脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用机制。方法雄性SD大鼠120只,随机分为假手术组、模型组、尼莫地平预处理(12 mg·kg~(-1))组和杜仲提取物不同剂量预处理(分别给予200、400、800 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))组,均n=20。各给药组均在制模前预先灌胃给药14 d,采用线栓法制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,假手术组只分离血管,不留置线栓,假手术及模型组分别给予同体积蒸馏水。缺血2 h再灌注24 h后,用2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色测定梗死面积,HE染色观察病理形态改变,检测血清及脑组织中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、一氧化氮(NO)含量及诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)活性。结果与模型组相比,杜仲提取物各剂量组大鼠脑梗死面积减少(P<0.05)。杜仲提取物中、高剂量组血清和脑组织中的MDA和NO含量及iNOS活性均显著降低,SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05),与尼莫地平组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论杜仲提取物预处理减轻脑缺血再灌注损伤的机制可能是提高抗氧化能力并降低NO水平。     

Botanical characteristics, pharmacological effects and medicinal components of Korean Panax ginseng C A Meyer

Korean Panax ginseng C A Meyer is mainly used to maintain the homeostasis of the body, and the pharmacological efficacy of Korean ginseng identified by modern science includes improved brain function, pain-relieving effects, preventive effects against tumors as well as anti-tumor activity, enhanced immune system function, anti-diabetic effects, enhanced liver function, adjusted blood pressure, anti-fatigue and anti-stress effects, improved climacteric disorder and sexual functions, as well as anti-oxidative and anti-aging effects. Further clinical studies of these pharmacological efficacies will continue to be carried out. Korean ginseng is found to have such main properties as ginsenoside, ployacetylene, acid polysaccharide, anti-oxidative aromatic compound, and insulin-like acid peptides. The number of ginsenoside types contained in Korean ginseng (38 ginsenosides) is substantially more than that of ginsenoside types contained in American ginseng (19 ginsenosides). Furthermore, Korean ginseng has been identified to contain more main non-saponin compounds, phenol compounds, acid polysaccharides and polyethylene compounds than American ginseng and Sanchi ginseng.