托吡酯对大鼠杏仁核点燃的抑制作用

目的　在大鼠杏仁核点燃模型研究抗癫痫新药托吡酯的抗癫痫作用及其作用机制。方法　建立大鼠杏仁核电刺激点燃模型 ,并通过联合用药探讨托吡酯对点燃的作用及其可能机制 ;测定托吡酯对小鼠氨基脲惊厥的影响。结果　托吡酯 (5 0～ 2 0 0mg·kg-1,ig)可剂量依赖性抑制杏仁核点燃 (P <0 0 5 )。在对点燃均无明显影响的低剂量下 ,托吡酯与丙戊酸钠或尼卡地平合用可缩短后放电时程 (P <0 0 5 )。托吡酯 2 0 0mg·kg-1,ig ,降低小鼠氨基脲诱发的惊厥发生率和死亡率 (P <0 0 1)。结论　托吡酯能抑制杏仁核点燃 ,与丙戊酸钠、尼卡地平有协同效应 ,其机制可能与GABA能神经功能增强以及Ca2 + 拮抗有关。     

吲哚醌对大鼠杏仁核点燃的抑制作用

目的：研究吲哚醌对大鼠杏仁核点燃发作的影响及其抗惊厥作用。方法：建立大鼠杏仁核点燃模型,观察发作的电生理指标和行为学变化;在小鼠最大电休克惊厥、戊四唑惊厥和氨基脲惊厥模型计数惊厥发生率。结果： ip吲哚醌50～200 mg.kg-1均可升高杏仁核点燃大鼠的局灶性后放电阈值,降低发作强度和全身性发作 (stage 5) 百分率;可剂量依赖性地对抗小鼠最大电休克发作,并能取消戊四唑惊厥和氨基脲惊厥的强直相,降低戊四唑惊厥的死亡率。结论：吲哚醌对癫痫发作有抑制作用,其机制与抑制MAO-B活性、升高发作阈值有关。     

牛磺酸对大鼠杏仁核点燃的作用

用大鼠杏仁核点燃模型（Ｋｉｎｄｌｉｎｇ ｍｏｄｅｌ）,研究牛磺酸对点燃发展进程及完全点燃的大鼠的作用。每日一次刺激大鼠右侧杏仁核（４０ｕＡ、６０ＨＺ、波宽１ｍｓ、矩形方波１秒）,在１３次产生点燃效应的Ｖ期反应,刺激后放电时间显著延长。脑室注射牛磺酸２００ｕｇ、４００ｕｇ可显著抑制眯燃效应的Ｖ期反应（Ｐ〈０．０１）,但对已点燃的大鼠无抑制作用。提示牛磺酸作为内源性的氨基酸神经递质,在预防癫痫的发展方     

MK-801与抗癫痫药合用对大鼠杏仁核点燃的影响(英文)

目的　在大鼠杏仁核点燃模型研究MK 80 1(地佐西平 )及其联合用药的抗癫痫作用。方法　建立大鼠杏仁核慢性电刺激点燃模型 ,测定不同剂量的MK 80 1对点燃模型各项指标的影响 ,探讨MK 80 1与其他抗癫痫药的协同作用 ,用氨基脲诱发的小鼠惊厥模型测定MK 80 1抗惊厥作用。结果　MK 80 1(0 1～ 0 2 5mg·kg- 1)可剂量依赖性抑制杏仁核点燃 ,缩短后放电时程 ,降低Racine’s分级 ;在对点燃均无明显影响的剂量下 ,MK 80 1(0 0 5mg·kg- 1)与抗癫痫药 (苯巴比妥、丙戊酸及尼卡地平 )合用可缩短后放电时程或降低Racine’s分级。MK 80 1(0 1～ 0 2 5mg·kg- 1)显著降低小鼠氨基脲诱发的发作潜伏期、惊厥发生率和死亡率。结论　MK 80 1具有抑制大鼠杏仁核点燃的作用 ,增强苯巴比妥、丙戊酸及尼卡地平的抗癫痫活性 ,为临床的合并用药提供实验依据     

乙醇对大鼠杏仁核点燃的抑制作用

目的：研究并测定乙醇对大鼠杏仁核点燃的抑制作用.方法：建立大鼠杏仁核点燃模型,观察乙醇对点燃发展及发作的影响,并通过联合用药探讨乙醇对点燃的作用及其可能机制.结果：乙醇0.5～1.5 g&#8226;kg 1皮下注射均能升高杏仁核点燃后放电阈值,降低Racine发作强度和全身发作的百分率,抑制点燃发展进程(P＜0.01)和点燃发作(P＜0.05).在对点燃均无明显影响的低剂量下,乙醇与地西泮或苯巴比妥合用对后放电时程和Racine分级无明显影响.结论：乙醇对大鼠杏仁核点燃发作及其发展有抑制作用,但低剂量乙醇与苯巴比妥或地西泮并无协同作用.     

乐卡地平对心肌梗死大鼠心肌重构的影响(英文)

目的 :观察乐卡地平对心肌梗死大鼠心肌重构的影响。方法 :雄性Wistar大鼠 ,结扎冠状动脉左前降支 ,造成心肌梗死。实验分为 4组 :假手术组、心肌梗死模型组、卡托普利组、乐卡地平组。在结扎冠状动脉后 3h开始 ,分别灌胃给予生理盐水、生理盐水、卡托普利 5 0mg·kg- 1和乐卡地平 2 .5mg·kg- 1,qd ,共 35d。给药容积均为 10mL·kg- 1。最后一次给药后 2 4h ,处死大鼠取心脏 ,测定全心重量和体重比 (THW /BW )、梗死范围 (IS)、左心室内径 (LVD)、室间隔厚度 (ST) ,用天狼猩红染色 ,在图像分析系统下测量心肌间质胶原容积系数 (ICVF)和血管周围胶原容积系数 (PCVF)。结果 :心肌梗死模型组大鼠的THW /BW [(0 .38±s 0 .0 3) % ]和LVD [(8.8± 1.4 )mm ]均显著比假手术组[(0 .32 5± 0 .0 16 ) % ;(6 .5± 0 .3)mm ]大 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ,ST[(1.71± 0 .2 2 )mm ]则明显比假手术组 [(2 .75± 0 .18)mm ]小 (P <0 .0 1) ,IS为(2 6± 3) %。与模型组比较 ,卡托普利和乐卡地平组大鼠的IS[(18± 6 ) % ,(19± 7) % ]和LVD[(7.5±0 .8)mm ,(7.7± 0 .9)mm]显著变小 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ;ST[(2 .4± 0 .4 )mm ,(2 .4± 0 .5 )mm]显著变大 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1)。心肌梗死模型组大鼠心肌ICVF和PCVF?     

MK-801与抗癫痫药合用对大鼠杏仁核点燃的影响

目的在大鼠杏仁核点燃模型研究MK-801(地佐西平)及其联合用药的抗癫痫作用。方法建立大鼠杏仁核慢性电刺激点燃模型,测定不同剂量的MK-801对点燃模型各项指标的影响,探讨MK-801与其他抗癫痫药的协同作用,用氨基脲诱发的小鼠惊厥模型测定MK-801抗惊厥作用。 结果MK-801(0.1～0.25 mg·kg^-1)可剂量依赖性抑制杏仁核点燃,缩短后放电时程,降低Racine's分级;在对点燃均无明显影响的剂量下,MK-801(0.05 mg·kg^-1)与抗癫痫药(苯巴比妥、丙戊酸及尼卡地平)合用可缩短后放电时程或降低Racine's分级。MK-801(0.1～0.25 mg·kg^-1)显著降低小鼠氨基脲诱发的发作潜伏期、惊厥发生率和死亡率。结论MK-801具有抑制大鼠杏仁核点燃的作用,增强苯巴比妥、丙戊酸及尼卡地平的抗癫痫活性,为临床的合并用药提供实验依据。     

东莨菪碱等对大鼠杏仁核点燃模型的影响

目的 :观察经常用于戒毒的药物东莨菪碱、可乐定和纳洛酮在杏仁核点燃模型中的作用 ,为戒毒药的开发研究寻找一种较好的药物筛选动物模型。方法 :制备大鼠杏仁核点燃模型 ,观察东莨菪碱对点燃发展及发作的影响 ,观察可乐定、纳洛酮对杏仁核点燃大鼠的影响。结果 :东莨菪碱 1 0 - 2 0mg·kg- 1 (ip)可抑制大鼠杏仁核点燃发展过程 (P <0 0 5 ) ;1 5 - 2 5mg·kg- 1 (ip)可抑制杏仁核点燃大鼠的发作 (P <0 0 5 )。可乐定 0 0 5 - 0 1mg·kg- 1 (ip)能降低点燃大鼠Racine’s分级 (P <0 0 5 )。纳洛酮对点燃模型无明显作用。结论 :东莨菪碱等经常用于戒毒的药物对点燃模型具有抑制作用 ,提示点燃模型对戒毒新药筛选可能有指导意义。     

尼卡地平升高小鼠胸腺细胞胞浆钙浓度(英文)

研究尼卡地平(nicardipine,Nic)对小鼠胸腺细胞胞浆钙浓度([Ca~(2 )]_i)及增殖的影响.方法:用Fura-2掺入细胞的荧光测定法测定[ca~(2 )]_i;用[~3H]thymidine掺入法测定胸腺淋巴细胞的增殖.结果:无论在含Ca~(2 )或无Ca~(2 )介质中,Nic 1—30 μmol·L~(-1),以浓度依赖的方式升高静息胸腺细胞的[Ca~(2 )]_i.丝裂原Con A 5 mg·L~(-1)也从细胞内库释放Ca~(2 ),而Nic抑制Con A引起的[Ca~(2 )]_i升高.在上述升高[Ca~(2 )]_i的浓度中,Nic不刺激静息胸腺淋巴细胞增殖,但显著抑制Con A的增殖反应.结论:Nic升高[Ca~(2 )]_i,干扰了细胞Ca~(2 )稳态,因而抑制淋巴细胞对丝裂原的反应.     

抗痫灵对大鼠杏仁核点燃效应的拮抗作用

用大鼠杏仁核点燃模型研究了抗痫灵的抗癫痫作用。每日1次电刺激杏仁基底外侧核可在第15d产生点燃效应的5期反应,刺激后放电显著延长。抗痫灵在未产生中枢镇静的剂量就能抑制点燃效应的5期反应,ED_(50)为84.7mg/kg,对刺激后放电影响较少。丙戊酸钠抑制5期反应作用较强,并能显著缩短刺激后放电时程。实验表明抗痫灵具有对抗慢性杏仁核点燃效应的作用。     

琥珀酸对大鼠化学性点燃和杏仁核电刺激性点燃的抑制作用

目的:研究琥珀酸对大鼠戊四哇化学性点燃(kindling)发作及杏仁核电刺激点燃发作的影响及作用机制.方法:建立大鼠戊四唑化学性点燃模型和杏仁核电刺激点燃癫痫模型,测定琥珀酸对点燃发作的脑电活动及行为变化指标的影响.测定琥珀酸对GABA_A受体拮抗剂印防己毒素诱发小鼠惊厥的影响.结果:琥珀酸(100-400 mg/kg,iP)对两种点燃模型有显著抑制作用,降低发作强度和全身性发作百分率(P<0.05,P<0.01),可升高杏仁核电刺激点燃大鼠的局灶性后放电阈值(P<0.05,P<0.01),以上反应呈剂量效应关系。琥珀酸可延长印防己毒素诱发小鼠惊厥的潜伏期(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论:琥珀酸对大鼠戊四唑化学性点燃和脑杏仁核电刺激点燃发作有抑制作用,其机制可能与增强GABA_A受体功能有关.     

利多卡因对电点燃模型的作用

目的研究利多卡因对电点燃模型的作用。方法采用腹腔注射的给药途径,观察杏仁核点燃大鼠的行为表现,以Racine分级作为评价标准。结果利多卡因0.5～25.0mg/kg腹腔注射可依赖性抑制大鼠杏仁核点燃作用,提高阈值,降低Rcine分级(P<0.01)。利多卡因剂量>30mg/kg,有明显的兴奋作用(P<0.05)。结论利多卡因对大鼠杏仁核点燃有兴奋和抵制双重作用。     

Nicardipine in the treatment of essential hypertension controlled 6-month-study comparing nicardipine with propranolol at rest and during exercise

Summary Thirty patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension entered a randomised double-blind parallel group study for 6 months to compare the effects of the new calcium channel blocker nicardipine 90 mg/day and propranolol 240 mg/day. Both drugs reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressures significantly in the supine and in standing positions. After 6 months of treatment, nicardipine had reduced the supine systolic and diastolic blood pressures by 16 and 17 mm Hg, respectively, and propranolol by 15 and 12 mm Hg. While propranolol treatment led to a marked decline in heart rate, nicardipine caused a small but statistically significant increase in heart rate throughout the study. Both drugs reduced blood pressure during maximal exercise, but propranolol had a greater effect. During exercise nicardipine did not affect the heart rate, whereas propranolol dramatically reduced it. Nicardipine did not produce any ECG changes at rest or during exercise. The side-effects for nicardipine were mild and were related to the vasodilatation induced by the drug. No abnormalities in routine blood chemical tests were found for either of the drugs. Nicardipine appears to be an effective single drug treatment for mild to moderate hypertension.     

尼卡地平与拉贝洛尔治疗急性重症高血压的比较

目的 :比较尼卡地平与拉贝洛尔治疗急性重症高血压的疗效及不良反应。方法 :急性重症高血压 12 8例 ,分为尼卡地平组 6 7例 ,予尼卡地平 2mg稀释于氯化钠注射液或 5%葡萄糖注射液 10mL中 ,于 2min内静脉注射 ,继以尼卡地平注射液30mg加入氯化钠注射液或 5%葡萄糖注射液 2 50mL中持续静脉输注 ,用药时间为 6h。拉贝洛尔组6 1例 ,一次将拉贝洛尔注射液 50mg稀释于 5%葡萄糖注射液 2 0mL中静脉注射 ,治疗效果不佳 ,可间隔 15min重复治疗 ,但总量不大于 2 0 0mg。结果 :2组均于 5min显效 ,显效率均为 10 0 % (P >0 .0 5)。拉贝洛尔组出现血压下降与哮喘加重各 1例。结论 :2药静脉给药均可迅速而平稳降低急性重症高血压病人的血压。尼卡地平安全性优于拉贝洛尔。     

Effect of naproxen, a non-selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, on pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling in mice

1. Epilepsy is one of the major neurological disorders of the brain, affecting approximately 0.5-1.0% of the population worldwide. Various neurotransmitter abnormalities, especially of GABA and glutamate, have been reported to play a key role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. 2. Cyclo-oxygenase (COX) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of prostaglandins and, as such, is a key target for many anti-inflammatory drugs. Cyclo-oxygenase has been reported to play a significant role in neurodegeneration. Recent studies have reported that COX plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. 3. The aim of the present study was to explore the possible role of COX and the effect of COX inhibitors in epilepsy. 4. Kindling is a chronic model of epilepsy. In the present study, kindling was induced in mice by chronic administration of a subconvulsive dose of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; 40 mg/kg) on every other day for a period of 15 days. Naproxen was administered daily 45 min before PTZ or vehicle. The kindling score was recorded after PTZ administration. Seizure severity was measured according to a prevalidated scoring scale. Biochemical estimations were performed immediately after recording behavioural parameters on the 16th day of PTZ treatment. 5. Chronic treatment with PTZ significantly induced kindling in mice. Pretreatment with the non-selective COX inhibitor naproxen (7 and 14 mg/kg, i.p.) showed significant protection against PTZ-induced kindling in mice. Biochemical analysis revealed that chronic treatment with PTZ significantly increased lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels (NO levels), but decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in brain homogenates. 6. In conclusion, the results of the present study strongly suggest that COX plays an important role in the pathophysiology of PTZ-induced kindling in mice and that COX inhibitors could be a useful neuroprotective strategy for the treatment of epilepsy.     

Recent patents on calcium channel blockers: emphasis on CNS diseases

Introduction: Altered homeostasis of cell calcium movement is a central stage in multiple diseases of CNS. This explains the great therapeutic interest in blockers for the various subtypes of voltage-activated calcium channels (VACCs) expressed in neurons. Mitigation of Ca²⁺ entry excess elicited by those blockers may restore the altered synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity and gene expression to normal parameters, ending the enhanced neuronal vulnerability.

Areas covered: This review summarize 23 patents on ligands for L-, N- or T-type channels, claimed to have potential therapeutic interest in epilepsy, pain, migraine and neurodegenerative diseases.

Expert opinion: Collections of compounds are generally screened in cell lines expressing a given subtype of VACCs. IC₅₀ to block such channels are often, but not always, provided. In few instances, compounds exhibiting the highest potency in in vitro experiments are also tested in animal models of pain, behavior, epilepsy or Alzheimer’s disease. Attempts to develop selectivity for a given VACC subtype with non-peptidic organic ligands have so far failed. Due to their wide tissue expression, such selectivity is crucial for minimizing possible side effects. However, the few data reported by patents does not allow prediction of selectivity of the new compounds in many cases.     

灯盏花素对豚鼠单一心室肌细胞ICa的抑制作用

目的：观察灯盏花素对豚鼠单一心室肌细胞钙离子电流（ＩＣａ）的影响。方法：应用全细胞膜片钳制技术。结果：灯盏花素能明显抑制心室肌细胞的Ｃａ＾２＋通道,使ＩＣａ减小。此作用有明显的电压依赖性。在峰电流电压下作用最明显,而对其反转电位无明显影响。在指令电位０ｍＶ时,０．５ｍｇ％灯盏花素使ＩＣａ减小５．４％,１ｍｇ％灯盏花素使ＩＣａ减小２２．９％（Ｐ〈０．０１）,２ｍｇ％灯盏花素使ＩＣａ减小４５．０％（Ｐ