Original cementless femoral stem for dysplastic hip: clinical results of HPF stem

We designed and developed the original cementless femoral stem (HPF) adapted to femurs of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Twenty-three arthroplasties using HPF were performed in 22 cases. The average age at the operation was 48.4 years. The average follow-up period was 6 years and 10 months. The average Harris Hip Score improved from 46.3 points preoperatively to 93.4 points postoperatively. All stems were classified as bone-ingrown or stable fibrous fixation. Clinically and radiologically excellent results proved the design concept of the HPF realized good fixation in the proximal femur with deformities of DDH. The surface treatment worked well for biological fixation even in clinically difficult cases with poor bone quality and/or complicated deformity of the femur of DDH.     

Second-generation cementless total hip arthroplasty in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head

The results of cementless total hip arthroplasties in patients with osteonecrosis have been inferior to those in patients with other diagnoses. Fifty-eight primary total hip arthroplasties with insertion of a femoral stem with a circumferentially proximal porous coating and a cementless acetabular component were followed for a mean of 11.1 years. Fifty-seven (98%) of 58 stems were biologically stable, and one stem was loose. There were acetabular revisions in 18 hips (31%) because of polyethylene wear and osteolysis. One hip (1.7%) underwent revision of both acetabular and femoral components. Osteolysis around the acetabular component was seen on radiographs in 22 hips (37.9%). Femoral osteolysis was seen in 9 hips (15.5%), and there was no osteolysis below the lesser trochanter in any hip. Second-generation femoral prostheses provide excellent fixation in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head. However, a high rate of polyethylene wear and osteolysis in these high-risk patients remains a challenging problem.     

Fit and fill analysis of a newly designed femoral stem in cementless total hip arthroplasty for patients with secondary osteoarthritis

The fit and fill of the femoral canal are critical to the success of cementless femoral stems in total hip arthroplasty. It is difficult for conventional stems to provide a good fit and fill for the femora of patients with secondary osteoarthritis. Based on measurements of 100 femora of these patients, we designed two types of Fukui Medical School (FMS) stems with a proximal lateral flare that differed in the medial radius. We compared the fit and fill of the FMS stems with those of four conventional stems, using computer simulation. The mean proximal fit and total fit of the FMS stems were 46% and 53% respectively, a significant improvement compared with the other stems examined. The mean fill of FMS stems was 82% at the lower end of the lesser trochanter and 84% at the upper end of the isthmus, values that were significantly higher than those of the other stems. Since September 1995, we have implanted FMS stems in 15 hips with secondary osteoarthritis. Radiographic evaluations showed that the canal fill of the FMS stems was significantly greater in the proximal femur compared with other stems previously inserted at our department. A summary of this paper was presented at the 9th Symposium on Computer-Assisted Radiology; June 1995, Berlin, and at the 8th International Symposium on Technology in Arthroplasty; September 1995, Puerto Rico.     

Revision total hip arthroplasty using a tapered, press-fit cementless revision stem in elderly patients

In elderly patients, osteoporosis can complicate revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). The SLR-Plus (Smith & Nephew, Memphis, TN) revision stem has a tapered, press-fit design, which we hypothesized could enhance stability in this population. Accordingly, we retrospectively analyzed data for 48 elderly patients who underwent revision THA using the SLR-Plus stem. The patients had a mean age of 66.5 years (range, 60-81 years) at surgery. They were monitored for a mean of 5.6 years (range, 3.4-8.0 years) after surgery. The mean Harris Hip Score improved from 67.8 to 91.6. No infection, dislocation, osteolysis, or stress shielding around stem were observed after surgery. The survivorship at an average of 5.6-year follow-up was 98%. These favorable results indicate that the SLR-Plus stem is useful in revision THA in elderly patients.     

生物型加长柄髋关节置换治疗高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨生物型加长柄人工髋关节置换治疗高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效。方法对51例高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折患者采用经髋关节外侧切口前方入路生物型加长柄人工髋关节置换治疗。结果患者均顺利完成手术,术后发生急性深静脉血栓2例,经积极治疗恢复正常。死亡2例,1例术后6个月死于心肌梗死,1例术后10个月死于肺部感染。49例获得随访,时间12~36个月。骨折愈合时间4~10个月,无人工关节脱位、假体周围感染、假体松动等并发症。术后12个月按Harris评分评定患髋关节功能:优18例,良25例,可5例,差1例,优良率87.8%。结论生物型加长柄人工髋关节置换是治疗高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折的一种安全有效方法。     

The effect of stem alignment on results of total hip arthroplasty with a cementless tapered-wedge femoral component

We evaluated the significance of the stem alignment in 98 consecutive primary total hip arthroplasties with a cementless CLS component (Zimmer, Winterthur, Switzerland) after a mean follow-up period of 7.7 years (range, 5-11 years) The patients were divided into 3 groups on the basis of stem alignment: neutral, 62 hips (63%); valgus, 20 hips (21%); and varus, 16 hips (16%). Clinical and radiographic results for the groups were compared. No significant clinical or radiographic differences were found between groups. There was no difference in the Harris hip scores and in the incidence of thigh pain between groups. For all hips, radiographs showed stable osseous fixation of the stem and the cup. A similar pattern of adaptive bone remodeling occurred in all 3 groups. Stem alignment of a tapered-wedge cementless femoral component does not compromise the clinical and radiographic results of total hip arthroplasty at a mean end point of 7.7 years.     

Influence of collars on the primary stability of cementless femoral stems: A finite element study using a diverse patient cohort

For cementless femoral stems, there is debate as to whether a collar enhances primary stability and load transfer compared to collarless designs. Finite Element (FE) analysis has the potential to compare stem designs within the same cohort, allowing for subtle performance differences to be identified, if present. Subject‐specific FE models of intact and implanted femora were run for a diverse cohort (21 males, 20 females; BMI 16.4–41.2 kg/m², age 50–80 yrs). Collared and collarless versions of Corail^® (DePuy Synthes, Warsaw, IN) were sized and positioned using an automated algorithm that aligns the femoral/stem axes, preserves the head‐center location, and maximizes metaphyseal fit. Joint contact and muscle forces simulating peak forces in level gait and stair climbing and were scaled to the body mass and applied to each subject. Three failure scenarios were assessed: Potential for peri‐prosthetic fibrous tissue formation (stem micromotion), potential for peri‐prosthetic bone damage (equivalent strains), and calcar bone remodeling (changes in strain‐energy density). Comparisons were performed using paired t‐tests. Only subtle differences were found (mean 90th percentile micromotion: Collared = 86 µm, collarless = 92.5 µm, mean 90th percentile interface strains: Collared = 733 µ?, collarless = 767 µ?, and similar remodeling stimuli were predicted). The slight differences observed were small in comparison with the inter‐patient variability. Statement of clinical significance: Our results suggest that the presence/absence of a collar is unlikely to substantially alter the bone‐implant biomechanics nor the initial mechanical environment. Hence, a collar is likely to have minimal clinical impact. Analysis using different femoral stem designs is recommended before generalising these findings. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1185–1195, 2018.

     

骨保留型股骨柄假体在年轻患者Dorr C型股骨髓腔中的应用

目的：探讨应用Tri-lock生物短柄假体在年轻患者Dorr C型髓腔进行人工全髋关节置换的近期临床疗效。方法：2010年1月至2014年1月采用Tri-Lock BPS假体行全髋关节置换术治疗烟囱状股骨髓腔年轻患者35例（37髋），男18例（20髋），女17例（17髋）；年龄21.2～38.5（32.2±3.0）岁。类风湿髋关节炎16例17髋，类风湿关节炎8例9髋，股骨头无菌性坏死11例11髋。所有病例合并不同程度的骨质疏松，按Singh指数分级：Ⅲ级26例，Ⅱ级9例。髋臼全部采用生物型假体，均采用陶瓷内衬，股骨头采用全陶瓷头。正位X线片上股骨近段髓腔形态均为Dorr C型，置换术后行X线检查评估假体柄位置，Engh标准评价骨-假体界面稳定性，Harris评分标准评价髋关节功能，并统计比较术前和末次随访时的髋关节活动度变化。结果：全部病例获得随访，随访时间18～45个月，平均33.8个月。35例（37髋） Harris髋关节评分由术前51.2～73.5（61.8±3.0）分提高至末次随访时92.5～98.8（93.3±6.5）分，差异有统计学意义（t=54.745，P<0.01）。髋关节活动度由术前0～55（46.5±8.0）°提高到末次随访时的85～130（101.2±10.5）°，差异有统计学意义（t=133.091，P<0.01）。术后即刻X线片均显示股骨短柄假体与髓腔紧密压配，末次随访时37髋均有明显股骨骨皮质增厚；22髋有不同程度股骨近端应力遮挡性骨吸收，其中Ⅰ度（股骨距密度低，且变圆钝）12髋，Ⅱ度（累及小转子）10髋。15髋有明显股骨骨皮质增厚，无大腿痛发生。结论：锥形柄短柄化的Tri-Lock生物短柄可良好充填Dorr C型烟囱状髓腔并有效保留良好的股骨近端骨量，表面钛微孔涂层可有效增加假体摩擦力，短小的柄端在髓腔内的指向作用可有效避免髋内外翻的发生。     

Long-term remodeling in proximal femur around a hydroxyapatite-coated anatomic stem: ten years densitometric follow-up

Bone remodeling after a hip arthroplasty has been quantified with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, usually for short-term follow-up. We used this technique to determine the long-term remodeling produced by a hydroxyapatite-coated, anatomic stem. Eighty patients with unilateral hip osteoarthritis were included in the study. The contralateral, healthy hip was taken as control. Bilateral dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scans were done before the surgery, at 15 days, and 1 and 10 years postoperatively. There was a decrease of bone mineral density in zones 1 and 7, which ranged from 12.2% to 27.3% at the end of the first year. There were no changes in zones 1 to 6 from the 1st to the 10th year, but there was a late decrease, up to 42.9%, in zone 7. The changes of bone mineral density promoted by this stem occurred in the first postoperative year. Late loss was seen only in area 7.     

非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术治疗酒精性股骨头坏死

[目的]研究非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术治疗酒精性股骨头坏死的中期疗效.[方法]1997年3月～2002年6月,采用非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术治疗酒精性股骨头坏死41例(47髋),进行至少5年的随访、中期临床评估和影像学评估.临床评估以Harris评分为标准.影像学根据骨盆正位和髋关节侧位X线片,观察髋臼、股骨假体的位置以及周围骨质的改变.假体的生存率采用Kaplan-Meier分析,分别以股骨、髋臼假体的无菌性松动和任何原因所致的翻修为终点.[结果]得到至少5年随访的41例(47髋),术前Harris评分为42.4±6.4(24～49)分,最后1次随访评分为91.8±4.4(74～100)分.至最后1次随访时无1例翻修或表现为影像学无菌性松动,2髋出现骨盆局灶性骨溶解,6髋出现股骨局灶性骨溶解.Kaplan-Meier分析假体的生存率1.0(95%可信区间,0.98～1.0).[结论]非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术可为晚期酒精性股骨头坏死患者提供良好的中期临床效果.由于假体磨损、假体周围骨溶解等潜在因素,长期效果需要进一步随访.     

股骨柄假体人工半髋关节置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折

目的总结加长的中远端稳定的生物型股骨柄假体人工半髋关节置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效。 方法采用随机数字表法将2009年1月到2015年12月绵阳市骨科医院94例75～95岁高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折患者分为骨水泥组和生物组各47例,纳入标准为患者外力创伤后经诊断为不稳定型股骨转子间骨折,无手术绝对禁忌证。骨水泥组给予骨水泥假体人工半髋关节置换,生物组给予加长生物型假体人工半髋关节置换。用SPSS 23.0软件包用t检验比较2组患者手术时间、术中出血量、围术期总失血量、术后并发症发生率、术后初次下地煅炼时间、术后住院时间、术后3月、6月、12月Harris评分,用χ²检验2组优良率。 结果生物组手术时间、术中出血量低于骨水泥组(手术时间：t ＝3.733,术中出血量：t ＝2.207,均为P<0.05),2组围手术期失血量、初次下地煅炼时间和术后住院时间相比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。生物组和骨水泥组切口感染发生率相比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),生物组深静脉血栓和心肺事件发生率与骨水泥组相比较均显著降低(深静脉血栓：χ² ＝4.642,心肺事件：χ² ＝6.409,均为P<0.05)。2组术后3月、术后6月、术后12月Harris评分相比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组术后3月、6月、12个月手术效果相比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论加长的远端稳定的生物型股骨柄假体人工半髋关节置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折可获得与骨水泥型假体一样的临床效果,且可减少创伤和降低术后并发症发生率,具有临床推广价值。     

应用解剖型骨水泥股骨假体结合冻干骨打压植骨进行髋关节翻修

[目的]探讨结合应用解剖型骨水泥股骨假体和冷冻干燥颗粒骨打压植骨(IBG)进行股骨翻修的可行性及临床效果。[方法]作者在2001年1月～2005年12月期间,在髋关节翻修中,有49例在股骨翻修中应用解剖型骨水泥柄结合冷冻干燥颗粒骨打压植骨技术,其中有36例(73%)存在严重的骨缺损(Paprosky分型ⅢB或Ⅳ)。平均随访时间为35.3个月(26～52个月)。通过Harris评分和X线片对结果进行评价。[结果]Harris评分从术前的平均44.6分提高到最后评估时的平均88.3分,Harris评分优良率为89.8%。X线片未显示有明显的股骨假体下沉。1例出现术后感染,1例出现术后脱位,感染率及脱位率均为2%,3例出现了术中股骨骨折及股骨柄穿孔,其发生率为6.1%,但这些与假体及植骨材料选择无关。[结论]使用解剖型骨水泥股骨假体结合异体冷冻干燥颗粒骨打压植骨技术,对有严重骨缺损的股骨进行翻修是可行的,并且中短期的临床效果满意,长期效果还有待观察。     

Long term survival analysis of cementless Spotorno femoral stem in young patients

Objective

The aim of this study was to analyze the survivorship and clinical outcome of Cementless Spotorno (CLS) stem in young patients.

Short-term results of hip revisions with a curved cementless modular stem in association with the surgical approach

Introduction  A prospective study was designed to test the hypothesis that short-term results after hip revisions are in association with the surgical approach with lower clinical scores for the transfemoral approach. Materials and methods  A total of 120 hip revision operations with the modular cementless revision stem “Revitan Curved” (Zimmer GmbH, Winterthur, Switzerland), of which 42 replacements involved an endofemoral (posterolateral) approach and 78 implantations a transfemoral approach, were followed up over a period of at least 24 months. Results  In the early post-operative stage, stems implanted transfemoral were associated with significantly lower Harris Hip Scores and a significantly more frequent appearance of Trendelenburg signs. The differences lessened at the end of the follow-up period. Within the group of transfemoral implantation, all six stems with a circular fixation zone measuring less than 3 cm had subsided and two of these had become loose; none of the stems with greater fixation zones exhibited these properties. In the case of the endofemoral implants, three stems exhibited sinking but there did not appear to be any relationship between this event and length of fixation zone. Conclusion  The surgical approach has an association with the short-time outcomes of hip revsions using cementless modular stems. Transfemoral implantation of the “Revitan curved” stem requires a fixation zone of at least 3 cm and a longer period of rehabilitation.     

人工股骨头置换治疗高龄患者股骨转子间骨折髓内钉失效的手术时机选择

目的:分析高龄患者股骨转子间骨折髓内钉失效后行人工股骨头置换术的手术时机选择。方法：2013年7月至2019年9月,采用人工股骨头置换术治疗股骨转子间骨折髓内钉固定失效后的17例高龄患者,根据从确诊内固定失效到行人工股骨头置换术的间隔时间将患者分为早期手术和延期手术两组。其中,早期手术组8例,男5例,女3例;年龄80~89（84.88±2.79）岁;间隔1~7（4.13±1.73） d。延期手术组9例,男4例,女5例;年龄80~89（84.22±3.03）岁;间隔15~30（25.56±4.36） d。比较两组患者手术时间、术中失血量、术后首次下地负重时间、术后住院时间、并发症例数及死亡例数。术后1、12个月采用Harris评分评价髋关节功能。结果：术后患者切口愈合良好,早期手术组泌尿道感染1例;延期手术组中,肌间静脉血栓2例,肺部感染1例,泌尿道感染3例,假体脱位1例。17例患者均获随访,时间12~16（14.76±1.86）个月。两组手术时间、术中失血量、死亡例数比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;两组术后首次下地负重时间、术后住院时间、并发症例数比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后1个月两组患者Harris评分比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;术后12个月两组患者Harris评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：高龄患者股骨转子间骨折髓内钉固定失效后,早期手术同延期手术相比,其死亡率及最终髋关节功能无明显差异,但早期行人工股骨头置换术能够让患者更早下地负重,缩短住院时间,有效减少并发症率,尽快恢复髋关节功能。     

生物型加长柄关节置换治疗高龄股骨转子间不稳定骨折的中期疗效分析

目的:探讨生物型加长柄关节置换治疗高龄股骨转子间不稳定骨折的临床疗效。方法:对2015年1月至2018年1月收治的64例高龄股骨转子间不稳定骨折患者进行回顾性分析,根据手术治疗方式分为关节置换组(生物型加长柄关节置换)及内固定组(PFNA)。关节置换组34例,男19例,女15例;年龄(81.32±3.81)岁;骨折Evans分型,Ⅲ型15例,Ⅳ型16例,Ⅴ型3例。内固定组30例,男14例,女16例;年龄(79.90±3.61)岁;骨折Evans分型,Ⅲ型10例,Ⅳ型15例,Ⅴ型5例。患者均因外伤致髋部肿痛、活动障碍,X线片及CT明确股骨转子间不稳定骨折。随访观察患者的手术时间、术中失血量、并发症情况。采用Harris髋关节功能评分及SF-36生活质量评分评价临床疗效。结果:患者手术切口均Ⅰ期愈合。所有患者获得随访,时间13～39个月,平均23.4个月。关节置换组患者手术时间及出血量均多于内固定组(P<0.05);关节置换组发生1例肌间静脉血栓及1例因摔伤导致后脱位,内固定组发生1例骨折不愈合,2例肌间静脉血栓,4例轻度压疮,2例内固定松动,两组并发症差异有统计学意义(χ^...     

半髋关节置换治疗高龄患者复杂股骨粗隆间骨折

目的 :探讨半髋关节置换治疗复杂股骨粗隆间骨折高龄患者的优缺点。方法 :自2013年8月至2017年1月治疗66例股骨粗隆间骨折高龄患者,男20例,女46例;年龄80~95岁,平均85岁。根据改良Evans分型,Ⅲ型33例,Ⅳ型24例,Ⅴ型9例。既往病史:高血压31例,糖尿病10例,重度骨质疏松症12例,房颤5例,肺心病3例,多发性骨髓瘤1例。采用半髋关节置换34例,内固定32例。观察比较两组患者术中及术后出血量、并发症、Harris评分。结果:术中和术后失血量:关节置换组分别为(320±20)ml和(200±25)ml,内固定组分别为(350±30)ml和(250±30)ml,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。所有患者获得随访,平均随访时间为2年。关节置换组Harris评分85.0±6.4高于内固定组72.0±3.4(P0.05)。两组并发症发生情况比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 :股骨粗隆间骨折的高龄患者基础疾病多,预期生存期短,使用人工双极股骨头假体较内固定术可以及早及最大程度地恢复髋关节功能,使患者早期下床负重,有效降低内固定导致的并发症,提高患者生存质量及满意度,早期疗效好,是一种可以补充的治疗方式,符合快速康复外科和损伤控制理论,但不应扩大适应证,同时需加强围手术期的管理。     

生物型半髋置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折

目的评价生物型半髋置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床效果。方法采用生物型半髋置换术治疗86例老年股骨颈骨折患者。结果手术时间40~60 min,术中出血量100~200 ml。86例均获得随访,时间3个月~4年。患者术后7~10 d扶双拐下地,2.5~3个月完全负重行走,髋关节功能接近伤前水平,生活恢复自理。术后1例早期行走痛,2例轻度跛行,1例假体周围骨折。髋关节功能Harris评分:优80例,良4例,可2例。结论生物型半髋置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折具有手术快、出血少、风险小以及早期临床效果满意等优点。     

人工髋关节置换治疗高龄股骨颈骨折

目的探讨高龄股骨颈骨折人工髋关节置换的疗效。方法采用髋关节后外侧人路对58例（58髋）高龄股骨颈骨折患者行人工髋关节置换。结果经过3～19（8．5±0．5）个月随访,58例术后2～3周均恢复行走活动,无1例死亡。按髋关节功能Harris评分标准：优21例（21髋）,良31例（31髋）,可4例（4髋）,差2例（2髋）,优良率89．7％。结论人工股骨头或全髋关节置换术是治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的有效方法,可早期活动,恢复关节功能,提高生存质量。