冠状动脉血管成形术后再狭窄与血管壁细胞的关系

经皮冠状动脉内球囊扩张成形术 (ｐｅｒｃｕｔａｎｅｏｕｓｔｒａｎｓｌｕｍｉｎａｌｃｏｒｏｎａｒｙａｎｇｉｏｐｌａｓｔｙ ,ＰＴＣＡ)和支架安置术 (ｐｅｒｃｕｔａｎｅｏｕｓｉｎｔｒａｃｏｒｏｎａｒｙｓｔｅｎｔｉｍｐｌａｎｔａｔｉｏｎ)是心肌梗死病人梗死心肌恢复血液灌注最为有效的方式之一。 1977年自从Ｇｒｕｅｎｔｚｉｇ[1] 首次于临床开展ＰＴ ＣＡ术以来 ,实践证明它具有创伤性小、易于实施、缓解症状明显、作用迅速可靠等优点 ,因而得以迅速推广并普及开来 ,并部分取代了旁路移植术 (ｃｏｒｏ ｎａｒｙａｒｔｅｒｙｂｙｐ…     

冠状动脉支架置入术后早期血管损伤的变化

目的:观察冠状动脉支架置入术后早期血管损伤的变化情况,探讨冠状动脉支架置入术后再狭窄的机制.方法:选择经冠状动脉造影检查证实为冠心病的患者,随机分为支架组(30例)及对照组(30例).2组患者均于冠状动脉支架置入或冠状动脉造影术前后采集肘静脉血,检测内皮素-1(ET-1)、P-选择素(PS)、纤维蛋白原(Fbg)、CD11b的水平,并进行统计学分析.结果:①支架组中ET-1、PS在术后0.5 h上升至高峰,Fbg、CD11b在术后1 d达到高峰;与术前当天及对照组比较,均差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).②术前水平与术后高峰的差值在ET-1、Fbg、CD11b两两之间呈正相关,年龄及支架长度与ET、Fbg、CD11b术后高峰水平之间无相关性.结论:支架置入术后早期出现了明显的血管损伤反应,伴随着显著的血小板活化及一过性的凝血功能亢进,并诱发了明显的局部炎症反应.     

血浆 IP10水平与冠心病患者 PCI 术后支架内再狭窄的关系

目的：探讨血浆IP10水平与冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后支架内再狭窄的关系。方法选取行PCI的冠心病患者（均植入冠状动脉支架）, PCI术后半年复查冠状动脉造影,结果示支架内再狭窄且狭窄程度≥参照血管50％患者17例为支架内再狭窄组（ ISR组）;造影提示支架内再狭窄＜50％或无再狭窄患者95例为支架内无再狭窄组（ NSR组）;另选冠状动脉造影示冠状动脉狭窄程度＜50％的胸痛患者106例作为对照组。比较三组血浆IP10水平。结果 NSR组血浆IP10水平高于对照组,但两组比较P＞0．05;ISR组血浆IP10水平明显高于NSR组（P＜0．05）。结论支架内再狭窄患者血浆IP10水平明显高于支架内无再狭窄者;IP10有可能作为评价PCI术后支架内再狭窄发生风险的一项独立预测指标。     

血管性血友病因子和ADAMTS-13水平与急诊冠状动脉支架置入术后冠状动脉血流的关系

目的 探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者血浆血管性血友病因子(vWF)和其裂解酶ADAMTS-13水平与急诊冠状动脉支架置入术后冠状动脉心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流的关系.方法 根据支架释放后即刻造影显示的TIMI血流情况,将2007年9月至2009年12月期间在我院行急诊冠状动脉支架置入术的STEMI患者分为TIMI≤2级组(最终入选43例)和TIMI 3级组(最终入选43例),并选择同期冠状动脉造影正常的胸闷、胸痛患者作为阴性对照组(43例).采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)分别在入院即刻、冠状动脉介入术开始即刻以及介入术后1周检测患者外周血vWF和ADAMTS-13水平.结果 在不同时间TIMI≤2级组和TIMI 3级组血浆vWF水平均显著高于阴性对照组(均P＜0.05).TIMI≤2级组血浆vWF水平在不同时间均显著高于T1MI 3级组[分别为入院即刻(6721.83±1380.58)U/L比(4786.12±2362.01)U/L,P＜0.05;介入术开始即刻(5744.65±1240.71)U/L比(3011.33±2270.40)U/L,P＜0.05;介入术后1周(2001.48±931.70)U/L比(1365.17±724.12)U/L,P＜0.05].3组患者入院即刻和介入术开始即刻血浆ADAMTS-13水平差异无统计学意义.术后1周TIMI ≤2级组ADAMTS-13水平明显高于TIMI 3级组[(406.93±101.44)mg/L比(270.34±115.12)mg/L,P＜0.05].logistic回归分析表明,入院即刻vWF水平(OR:1.917,P＜0.01)和介入术开始即刻vWF水平(OR:2.016,P＜0.01)均是影响支架术后冠状动脉TIMI血流的危险因素.结论 STEMI患者急诊支架术后冠状动脉TIMI血流状况与患者术前血浆vWF水平有关,vWF与ADAMTS-13的失衡可能是急诊支架置入术后冠状动脉血流缓慢的原因之一.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the relationship between post-stenting coronary thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow and plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) and its cleaving protease(ADAMTS-13) levels in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods STEMI patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) and stenting between September, 2007 and December, 2009 were enrolled. According to the post-stenting TIMI flow, patients were divided to TIMI≤2 group (n =43) and TIMI 3 group (n =43). Patients with chest pain or dyspnea and normal coronary angiographic results served as control group ( n = 43 ). The levels of vWF and ADAMTS-13 were measured by ELISA at three time points: immediatly after admission, beginning of PCI and 1 week after PCI. Results Levels of vWF in STEMI patients at all 3 time points were significantly higher than in control patients, and the level of vWF was significantly higher in TIMI ≤2 group than in TIMI 3 group [at admission: (6721.83 ± 1380.58) U/L vs. (4786. 12 ±2362.01) U/L, P ＜0.05; at the beginning of PCI: (5744.65 ±1240. 71) U/L vs. (3011.33 ±2270.40) U/L, P＜0. 05 and at 1 week after PCI: (2001.48 ± 931.70) U/L vs. ( 1365. 17 ± 724. 12 ) U/L, P ＜ 0. 05]. ADAMTS-13 levels were similar among groups at admission and at beginning of PCI, however, the level of ADAMTS-13 at 1 week after PCI was significantly higher in TIMI≤2 group than that in TIMI 3 group [(406. 93 ± 101.44 )mg/L vs. ( 270. 34 ± 115.12) mg/L, P ＜0. 001]. Logistic regression analysis showed that both vWF at admission(OR=1.917, P＜0.01) and vWF at the beginning of PCI (OR=2.016, P＜0. 01) were risk factors of TIMI≤2. Conclusion Increased vWF during peri-PCI periods was associated with post-stenting coronary TIMI ≤2 after primary PCI in STEMI patients, and the imbalance between vWF and ADAMTS-13 may thus play an important role in the development of slow flow post PCL     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术后再狭窄病变的进展及预测因子的研究

对冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）后３个月经冠状动脉造影（ＣＡＧ）证实，ＰＴＣＡ实施部位出现中等度（ＡＨＡ分类狭窄度５０％～７５％）狭窄的病例继续追踪一年，观察狭窄病变进展与否，对有关ＣＡＧ所见及临床上诸因子进行比较研究。结果表明，在ＰＴＣＡ后３个月追踪ＣＡＧ的２５７例病人中，ＰＴＣＡ部位出现中等度再狭窄８２例，占全部ＰＴＣＡ病例的３１．９％；其中一年后病变进展的１１例（Ａ组），病变未进展的７１例（Ｂ组）。经ｔ检验，伴有溃疡病变和钙化病变的病人在ＰＴＣＡ前Ａ组明显高于Ｂ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。通过多元逐步回归分析，ＰＴＣＡ术后６个月内不稳定性心绞痛和血清总胆固醇增高等临床危险因素与ＰＴＣＡ前病变形态的ＡＨＡ分类为Ｃ型病变、钙化、病变血管弯曲度大、冠脉入口病变、ＰＴＣＡ后３个月再狭窄程度、ＰＴＣＡ后冠脉夹层等冠脉造影所见与狭窄病变后期进展有密切关系。而追踪期药物治疗、诸多心血管系统药物对ＰＴＣＡ后慢性期狭窄的进展无明显影响。     

内皮细胞损伤对于经皮冠状动脉介入术后血流的意义

目的:研究经溶栓或经皮冠脉介入术(PCI)治疗后冠脉恢复正常血流患者和冠脉无复流患者内皮细胞的损伤情况,并探讨其临床意义。方法:选择90例PCI患者,根据术后血流分级(TIMI分级)分为两组,冠状动脉血流≤TIMI2级40例,为无复流组,TIMI3级50例,为对照组。检测两组患者冠脉血中内源性一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET)、血小板表面活化标志蛋白(CD63)水平,以此判断内皮细胞受损情况。结果:PCI术后无复流组较对照组冠脉中NO明显减少[(41.52±6.1):(61.94±10.7)μmol/L],而ET[(117.42±11.1):(59.08±9.8)mg/L]、CD63[(7.43±8.2)%:(2.05±2.8)%]显著增加(P均0.05)。提示在PCI后患者出现无复流现象者较血流恢复正常者冠状动脉内皮损伤更严重。结论:内皮细胞损伤是冠状动脉PCI术后无复流的重要原因。     

药物涂层支架与金属裸支架对稳定型心绞痛患者局部冠状动脉循环组织因子水平早期影响的比较

目的比较药物涂层支架（DES）与金属裸支架（BMS）置入前后冠状动脉循环内局部血浆组织因子（TF）水平的变化,探讨DES对血浆TF水平的早期改变及其对急性支架内血栓（AST）形成的意义。方法入选稳定型心绞痛患者26例,按标准方法行冠状动脉造影证实有冠状动脉狭窄均在70%以上。其中15例置入DES（DES组）,11例置入BMS（BMS组）。全部患者术前给予阿司匹林、氯吡格雷口服,支架置入前静脉给予低分子质量肝素。PCI术中冠状动脉内血样采集顺序依次为：支架置入前后冠状动脉入口处（ostium）用引导导管,支架置入后15 min通过血栓吸引器穿过病灶在病灶下方（beyond the lesion）采血。血浆TF水平检测采用酶联免疫双抗体夹心法（ELISA）。结果PCI术前26例患者在冠状动脉入口处与病灶下方冠状动脉循环内的TF基线水平比较差异无统计学意义（31.50±7.05 ng/L比31.40±7.30 ng/L,P=0.748）,但高于正常参考值3倍;支架置入后15min在冠状动脉入口处（29.60±6.96 ng/L比31.50±7.05 ng/L,P=0.135）与病灶下方（30.70±7.70 ng/L比31.40±6.30 ng/L,P=0.230）冠状动脉循环内的TF水平与术前比较,差异亦无统计学意义。术后15min,DES组和BMS组冠状动脉入口处（31.20±4.37 ng/L比30.70±5.39 ng/L,P=0.674）及病灶下方（31.60±5.39 ng/L比29.00±7.96 ng/L,P=0.789）TF水平差异均无统计学意义。结论稳定型心绞痛患者冠状动脉循环血内存在大量的TF。DES和BMS两种支架均不引起冠状动脉内局部、早期血浆TF水平的改变。     

冠状动脉介入术后患者抑郁障碍及其与预后的关系

目的探讨经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术后冠心病患者抑郁障碍的患病率及其和临床预后的关系。方法采用24项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton depression rating scale,HAMD)对400例PCI患者术前及术后2周分别进行抑郁障碍评分,根据术后2周的抑郁障碍评分分为抑郁组(HAMD≥21分)和非抑郁组(HAMD21分),并于出院后对两组患者进行12个月的临床随访。随访终点为12个月内的主要不良心血管事件(major adverse cardiovascular event,MACE),包括全因死亡、非致死性心肌梗死和靶病变重建(target lesion revascularization,TLR)。结果术前符合HAMD抑郁诊断标准的患者为102例(25.5%),术后2周符合诊断标准的患者为154例(38.5%),PCI术后患者的抑郁患病率较术前明显增高(P0.001)。术后抑郁患者出院后12个月内有31例(20.1%)发生了MACE,明显高于无抑郁的患者(19例,7.7%),P0.001。Logistic多因素回归分析显示抑郁状态是PCI术后患者12个月MACE的独立危险因素(OR2.34,95%CI1.26～4.03,P=0.024)。结论PCI术后有较高比例的患者存在不同程度的抑郁状态。术后抑郁状态是PCI术后患者发生MACE的独立危险因素。     

空腹血糖水平与经皮冠状动脉介入治疗五年预后的关系

目的 了解老年冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)预后及相关危险因素,分析空腹血糖(FPG)水平与PCI术后冠状动脉再狭窄和心脏事件发生率的关系,为论证FPG受损(IFG)诊断标准提供相关心血管终点事件的依据.方法 选取2000年1月至2001年12月于解放军总医院成功接受PCI术的老年冠心病患者共269例,按照基线空腹血糖水平分为4组(组1:FPG<5.6mmol/L;组2:5.6 mmol/L≤FPG<6.1 mmol/L;组3:6.1 mmol/L≤FPG<7.0 mmoL/L;组4:FPG≥7.0mmol/L),随访时间为5年,进行PCI术后再狭窄、复发性心脏事件、生存率及相关危险因素的分析.结果 5年随访结束后5.6 mmol/L≤FPG<6.1 mmol/L人群总心脏事件发生率、再次血运重建率、心绞痛复发率以及再狭窄发生率显著高于FPG<5.6 mmol/L的人群(P均<0.05),而与6.1 mmol/L≤FPG<7.0 mmol/L人群比较差异无统计学意义.5年随访结束组2、3、4的无心脏事件的累积生存率显著低于组1(P均<0.05),组2、3之间差异无统计学意义.logistic回归模型结果 显示,水平是PCI术后再狭窄、心脏事件发生、全因死亡、心绞痛复发的危险因素(P均<0.05).结论 FPG 5.6 mmol/L以上的老年冠心病人群PCI术后5年冠状动脉再狭窄及不良心脏事件发生率已开始显著升高,无心脏事件累积生存率显著降低.因此从改善心血管预后角度看,将IFG的下限调整到5.6 mmol/L具有合理性.     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术后再狭窄与介入前病变形态学的关系

目的：探讨国人冠心病经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）后再狭窄与冠状动脉（冠脉）病变类型、部位和病变血管数的关系。　　方法：冠心病介入治疗３５２ 例,选择其中６５ 例（８６个病变）术后３～１６个月造影随访者,按随访结果分为再狭窄组（ｎ＝ ３８）,非再狭窄组（ｎ＝ ２７）,分析再狭窄与病变形态学的关系。　　结果：再狭窄与多个易患因子、多支病变、病变类型和前降支病变呈正相关,与支架置入呈负相关。再狭窄组Ｃ型、钙化病变多见,前降支病变内径丢失比回旋支、右冠脉病变大（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,半年内一支血管病变再狭窄率（１０．２７％ ）低于二支（４１．１０％ ）和三支（４８．５０％ ）血管病变再狭窄率（Ｐ＜ ０．０００１）。　　结论：再狭窄与冠脉病变类型、部位和血管支数相关,Ｃ型及钙化、多支和前降支病变再狭窄率高     

线粒体偶联因子-6与介入治疗后血管内膜增殖的关系

目的观察冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者支架植入术后线粒体偶联因子6(coupling factor 6,CF6)的变化规律,并探索冠心病患者支植入术后线粒体CF6的峰值与术后12个月随访时内膜增生程度的关系。方法临床上筛选符合入选条件的患者30例,分别于造影术前、造影术后即刻,经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗后即刻、术后1 d、术后3 d、术后7 d采血,用放射免疫方法检测CF6及6-酮-前列腺素F1α(prostaglandin F1α,PGF1α)的浓度;12个月后对患者进行随访,检测患者血浆CF6及6-酮-PGF1α浓度,并对患者进行冠状动脉造影复查,应用血管内超声(intravenous ultrasound,IVUS)检测内膜增生情况。结果入组患者PCI治疗后即刻血浆CF6浓度较术前有所升高,差异有统计学意义[(216.75±14.40)pg/m L vs.(231.75±13.2)pg/m L,P<0.05];并在术后1 d达到高峰[(263.2±14.08)pg/m L,P<0.05],3 d后开始下降[(239.75±13.20)pg/m L,P<0.05],7 d后可以恢复至造影前水平[(222.6±15.04)pg/m L,P>0.05]。PCI治疗后血浆CF6浓度与6-酮-PGF1α浓度明显负相关(P=-0.679,P<0.05)。术后1年随访时,血浆CF6浓度是(222.05±14.92)pg/m L,6-酮-PGF1α浓度是(24.05+2.64)pg/m L,内膜增生厚度为(159±0.015)mm。患者内膜增生厚度与PCI治疗后血浆CF6峰值浓度呈正相关(r=0.819,P<0.05),与6-酮-PGF1α峰值浓度呈负相关(r=-0.797,P<0.05)。结论 CF6浓度在PCI治疗后明显增高,并于术后1 d达高峰,3 d有所下降,7 d后回落至基线浓度,CF6浓度和6-酮-PGF1α浓度负相关。患者内膜增生厚度与PCI治疗后血浆CF6峰值浓度呈正相关,CF6术后峰值浓度越高,其远期内膜增生越严重。     

冠状动脉支架术后再狭窄中血管平滑肌细胞表型转换的研究

目的：通过制作猪冠状动脉支架术后再狭窄模型,研究冠状动脉支架内再狭窄时平滑肌细胞表型的变化. 方法：将12只家猪随机分为正常对照组和支架组,每组各6只.正常对照组进行假手术,不做其他处理.支架组家猪于冠状动脉前降支和回旋支各置入裸支架1枚（微创Firebird）.取30 d后经冠状动脉造影确定发生再狭窄的血管段,HE染色观察组织形态;取中层平滑肌细胞培养,电镜观察细胞形态与结构;Western blot测定缝隙连接蛋白（connexin,Cx）43、Cx40、a-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）、S100钙结合蛋白A4 （S100A4）的表达. 结果：支架组血管内膜显著增厚,中层平滑肌细胞以长菱形平滑肌细胞（R-SMC）为主,而对照组以纺锤形平滑肌细胞（S-SMC）为主;支架组Cx43、S100A4表达较对照组增强,Cx40、α-SMA表达较对照组降低（P＜0.01）.结论：经皮冠状动脉介入术后S-SMC向R-SMC的转换可能参与了再狭窄过程.     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后血浆过氧化物酶5水平及其与预后的关系

目的 探究急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后血浆过氧化物酶5(Prx5)水平及与预后的关系.方法 选取2016年5月-2017年8月接受救治的148例ACS患者作为研究对象,平均随访时间为21.97(8～24)个月.以Prx5评价ACS患者预后的最佳截断点(44.12 μg/L)为界,将患者...     

冠状动脉造影术和腔内成形术后造影剂肾病与血红蛋白水平的关系

目的: 探讨基础血红蛋白与冠状动脉造影术（CAG）及经皮冠状动脉成形术（PCI）后由于造影剂引起的肾病（Contrast-induced nephropathy,CIN）间的关系。方法: 2005年10月1日～2007年11月31日住院接受CAG及PCI患者1 386例, 均应用低渗非离子型造影剂（碘海醇）。测定介入治疗术前及术后48 h内血清肌酐浓度。若发生CIN,其血清肌酐浓度较基础值升高44 μmol/L,则继续观察血清肌酐浓度至正常。结果: 在1 386例患者中,发生CIN 29例,发生率为2.1%。在基础肌酐清除率<60 ml/min的患者中26.8%的患者出现贫血。在基础肌酐清除率<30 ml/min的患者中,并发贫血与非贫血时CIN的发生率分别为22.3%和14.8%。贫血明显增加了基础肌酐清除率30～59 ml/min患者发生CIN的风险 (5.8% vs 2.8%; P<0.05)。 在CIN组和非CIN组两组患者造影剂剂量接近［(160±72)ml vs (148±68)ml］,无统计学差异。多因素回归因素分析发现基础肌酐清除率、血红蛋白、利尿剂使用是CIN的独立危险因素。当把贫血代替血红蛋白进入回归方程式,它亦是CIN的独立危险因素(OR 2.765, 95%CI 1.486-3.657, P<0.01)。结论: 既往有肾功能不全贫血及使用利尿剂是CIN发生的独立危险因素。     

Inhibition of tissue factor reduces thrombus formation and intimal hyperplasia after porcine coronary angioplasty

OBJECTIVES

We investigated the in vivo effects of tissue factor (TF) inhibition with recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor (rTFPI) on acute thrombus formation and intimal hyperplasia and the in vitro effects on smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation.

BACKGROUND

Inhibition of TF with TFPI has been shown to reduce intimal hyperplasia in experimental models. However, its effects after coronary angioplasty and the cellular mechanisms involved have not been investigated.

METHODS

Twenty-three swine underwent multivessel coronary angioplasty. Fifteen (n = 25 arteries) were euthanized at 72 h to assess thrombus formation and eight (n = 24 arteries) at 28 days to assess intimal hyperplasia. Animals in the 72-h time point received: 1) human rTFPI (0.5 mg bolus plus 25 μg/kg/min continuous infusion for 3 days) plus heparin (150 IU/kg intravenous bolus) plus acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) (325 mg/day); 2) rTFPI regimen plus ASA and 3) heparin (150 IU/kg intravenous bolus) plus ASA.

RESULTS

On histology the control group had evidence of mural thrombus (area 0.8 ± 0.4 mm²). Treatment with TFPI plus heparin abolished thrombus formation (mean area: 0.0 ± 0.0 mm², p < 0.05) but was associated with prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and extravascular hemorrhage. Recombinant TFPI alone inhibited thrombosis without bleeding complications (mean area: 0.03 ± 0.02 mm², p < 0.05 vs. control). Animals in the 28-day time point received continuous intravenous infusion of rTFPI or control solution for 14 days. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor reduced neointimal formation with mean intimal area of 1.2 ± 0.3 mm² versus 3.2 ± 0.4 mm² in the control group; p < 0.01. Recombinant TFPI had no effect on human aortic smooth muscle cell growth but inhibited platelet-derived growth factor BB-induced migration.

CONCLUSIONS

Inhibition of TF with rTFPI can prevent acute thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia after injury. Tissue factor plasma inhibitor may prove useful as an adjunct to intracoronary interventions.     

Prolonged application of clopidogrel reduces inflammation after percutaneous coronary intervention in the porcine model

OBJECTIVE: We determined the effect of prolonged treatment with clopidogrel on C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and blood thrombogenicity after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty followed by intracoronary brachytherapy in the porcine model. ANIMAL MODEL: All 48 pigs received antiplatelet therapy, including aspirin (325 mg, daily) and clopidogrel (300 mg, loading dose) 1 day before PCI, followed by a daily dose of clopidogrel (75 mg/day) in addition to aspirin. During PCI, one of two balloon-injured arteries was randomly assigned to receive immediate radiation treatment. Animals were sacrificed after 24 h, 1 month, and 3 months post-PCI. The pigs, which were sacrificed 3 months post-PCI, were divided into two groups. The first group received clopidogrel in addition to aspirin for 3 months, and the second group received clopidogrel in addition to aspirin for only 1 month after PCI and then aspirin alone. METHODS: Blood was taken from all pigs before intervention, immediately after intervention, and before sacrifice. Serum CRP was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To analyze the procoagulant effects of PCI on blood thrombogenicity, a one-stage clotting assay was performed. RESULTS: Clopidogrel treatment for 3 months reduced CRP levels more than did clopidogrel therapy for 1 month only at 3 months post-PCI (27.9+/-3.9 vs. 56.6+/-11.3 microg/ml; P=.019). Baseline CRP levels were found to be 50.4+/-4.8 microg/ml. Plasma clotting was not affected by prolonged clopidogrel therapy (322.8+/-59.3 s vs. 295.2+/-52.5 s; P=ns). CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged treatment with clopidogrel reduced CRP levels post-PCI.     

Relationship between hyperuricemia and contrast-induced nephropathy in patients after emergent percutaneous coronary intervention

Background Few studies have investigated the role of serum uric acid(SUA) on the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy(CIN) in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)after emergent percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between hyperuricemia(HUA)and CIN in patients after emergent PCI. Methods A total of 558 consecutive patients with ACS undergoing emergent PCI in Fujian Provincial Hospital were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into hyperuricemic group(n=136) and normouricemic group(n=422). Hyperuricemia was defined as SUA420 μmol/L for male,360 μmol/L for female.CIN was defined as an absolute ≥44.2 μmol/L(0.5 mg/d L)increase inthe serum creatinine(SCr)level within 72 hours after contrast medium exposure. In hospital incidences of CIN and the major adverse cardiac events were compared between the two groups. The relationship between the incidence of CIN and HUA was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 558 patients, CIN was observed in 34(6.1%) patients, and incidence of CIN was significantly higher in the HUA group than in the normouricemic group [13.2%(18/136) vs. 3.8%(16/422), P0.001]. SUA concentration was significantly higher in CIN group compared with that in non-CIN group([490.21±76.48 μmol/L)vs.(307.00±65.37 μmol/L), P0.001].Need for renal replacement therapy(RRT), congestive heart failure(CHF), in hospital mortality after PCI were significantly higher in the HUA group compared with Normouricemic group(all P0.05). Patients who developed CIN had higher in hospital mortality[44.1%(15/34) vs. 2.9%(15/524), P0.001].Multivariate analysis indicates that HUA(OR=3.020,95% CI:1.3340-6.805,P0.001)、Intra-aortic balloon pump(IABP)use(OR=15.724,95%CI:3.913-63.179,P0.001) and Perioperative hypotension(OR=3.342, 95%CI:1.373-8.138,P0.01) were predictors of CIN in patients after emergent percutaneous coronary intervention. Conclusion Hyperuricemia is the independent risk predictor of CIN in patients with ACS undergoing emergent PCI.     

Relationship between red blood cell distribution width and intermediate-term mortality in elderly patients after percutaneous coronary intervention

Background Large-scale clinical research on the relationship between red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and intermediate-term prognosis in elderly patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is lacking. Thus, this study investigated the effects of RDW on the intermediate-term mortality of elderly patients who underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods Data from 1891 patients ≥ 65 years old underwent elective PCI from July 2009 to September 2011 were collected. Based on preoperative median RDW (12.3%), the patients were divided into two groups. The low RDW group (RDW < 12.3%) had 899 cases; the high RDW group (RDW ≥ 12.3%) had 992 cases. The all-cause mortality rates of the two groups were compared. Results Patients in the high RDW group were more likely to be female and accompanied with diabetes, had lower hemoglobin level. The mean follow-up period was 527 days. During follow-up, 61 patients died (3.2%). The postoperative mortality of the high RDW group was significantly higher than that of the low RDW group (4.3% vs. 2.0%, P = 0.004). After adjusting other factors, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that preoperative high RDW was significantly associated with postoperative all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 2.301, 95% confidence interval: 1.106–4.785, P = 0.026). Conclusions Increased RDW was an independent predictor of the increased intermediate-term all-cause mortality in elderly CAD patients after elective PCI.     

内脏脂肪素与冠心病的相关性及PCI术后变化

目的探讨内脏脂肪素与冠心病的相关性及 PCI 术后变化的意义。方法:90 例冠心病患者分为急性心肌梗死组 30 例、不稳定心绞痛组 30 例、稳定心绞痛组 30 例,均行冠脉造影确诊,其中 52 例患者行 PCI术。另选正常对照组 30 例 . 用酶联免疫法检测各组及PCI 术后血浆内脏脂肪素(visfatin)水平,于生化室检测肝功、肾功、血糖、血脂、高敏 C 反应蛋白(hs-CRP), 对行 PCI 术患者记录病变支数,植入支架个数及长度,最大球囊扩张压力,术后 TIMI 血流分级。结果:冠心病组 visfatin 和 hs-CRP 高于对照组,且 AMI 组和UAP 组较 SAP 组升高更明显,各组间有显著性差异(p<0.05), 冠心病组 visfatin 与 hs-CRP 水平的独立相关 (p<0.001), PCI 术后 visfatin 水平高于术前(p<0.01),且与最长支架长度和植入支架个数相关(p<0.05)。结论:血浆 visfatin 的水平反应斑块的不稳定程度,其参与冠脉硬化发生发展的过程,另外 PCI 术后 visfatin 较术前升高,可能参与术后再狭窄。     

男性冠心病患者介入治疗前后外周血平滑肌前体细胞数量的变化

目的:观察比较正常人与冠心病患者外周血平滑肌前体细胞（SPCs）数量的差异,以及冠心病患者在经皮冠脉介入治疗（PCI）前后外周血中SPCs数量的变化。方法: 将研究对象分为3组:稳定型心绞痛（SAP）组、不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)及正常对照组(NC)。SPCs以CD14和CD105双阳性确定,利用流式细胞仪双色分析技术筛选各组在PCI术前、术后即刻、术后72 h SPCs占外周血有核细胞的百分比。结果: PCI术前,外周血中SPCs数量在SAP组为（0.20±0.13）%、UAP组为（0.28±0.18）%,均明显高于NC组［（0.12±0.10）%］（均P<0.01）,UAP组外周血中SPCs数量明显高于SAP组（P<0.01）。UAP组外周血中SPCs的数量在PCI术后72 h较术前明显增加［（0.34±0.25）% vs. （0.28±0.18）%,P<0.01］。结论: 外周血中SPCs数量的变化及PCI对外周血SPCs数量的影响可能与冠心病的临床类型有关。