复合纤维素降脂效果观察及机理探讨

以燕麦麸、消棘皮等为主要原料，研究含不同比例可溶性膳食纤维的３种复合纤维素对大鼠脂质代谢和机体过氧化反应的影响。将ＳＤ雌性大鼠制成高脂模型分为４组，以高脂饲料作为对照组（Ａ）。喂养４周后测定其血液及肝中脂质水平及ＡＰＯ－Ａｌ、ＡＰＯ－Ｂ、粪胆汁酸盐及ＬＰＯ含量：结果表明：３种复合纤维素均能有效地降低高脂大鼠血ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ－ｃ及ＡＰＯＢ、ＬＰＯ水平，并提高ＨＤＬ－ｃ含量。提示利用不同膳食纤维特点组成的复合纤维素能用于降低人群的血脂水平和ＬＰＯ水平，对于动脉粥样硬化和心血管疾病的防治具有重要意义。     

复合膳食纤维对高胆固醇血症大鼠肝脏的影响

目的 观察复合膳食纤维(DFC)对高脂血症大鼠肝脏结构及功能的长期影响。方法 健康成年SD大鼠84只，雌雄各半。经高脂饲料诱导形成高脂血症模型后，按体重及血胆固醇水平均衡的原则分为7组，其中2组分别以基础饲料及小麦纤维作为正常和高脂对照组，其余5组给不同剂量的DFC，实验期为3个月。通过生化分析及形态观察的方法，研究DFC对大鼠肝脏结构与功能的影响。结果(1)实验第60d时，DFC含量最高的G组(64％DFC)的血浆ALT活性显高于正常和高脂对照组，其余各DFC组的血浆ALT活性、各DFC组AST活性与正常及高脂对照组比较均无显性差异；(2)实验第90d时，较高剂量的3组(分别含DFCl6％，32％和64％)的血浆ALT、AST活性显高于正常对照组，其中最高剂量组的血浆ALT活性显高于高脂对照组，而较低剂量的2组(DFC含量分别为4％，8％)的血浆ALT、AST活性在实验各个阶段与对照组比较均无显性差异；(3)各DFC组的血浆ALT及AST活性在实验第60d及90d时均随DFC含量的增加而增高，呈现明显的剂量—反应关系；(4)各剂量DFC组肝细胞脂肪变性不明显，但呈现不同程度的气球样变，较高剂量组(32％)肝细胞可见到嗜酸性变。结论 长期摄入高剂量DFC会导致高脂血症大鼠肝脏形态结构和功能的改变，因此实际应用时应该以低剂量为宜。     

“膳食纤维中的贵族”燕麦麸

目前.人们对膳食纤维中的贵族燕麦麸的保健作用表现出了浓厚兴趣。其实.在各大医院的临床营养科.燕麦麸作为降脂降糖的重要辅助食物.已经被广泛使用。解放军309医院营养科主任张晔分析.燕麦麸广受欢迎有其原因:在营养过剩、三高问题越来越突出的当下.越来越多的人已经认可了粗粮的保健价值。燕麦麸是β-葡聚糖浓缩物.包含了燕麦90%以上的营养。权威实验已证实.其在降血糖、降血脂、通便、预     

膳食脂质对中老年高胆固醇血症患者血清胆固醇的影响

对１６７名中老年高胆固醇血症患者的膳食脂质摄入情况及血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）水平进行分析测定,结果表明：膳食脂质摄入及身体质量指数（ＢＭＩ）对血清胆固醇水平有重要影响;ＢＭＩ、膳食胆固醇和饱和脂肪酸与ＴＣ和ＬＤＬ－Ｃ水平呈正关联,ＨＤＬ－Ｃ及其与ＴＣ的比值与单不饱和脂肪酸呈正关联,而与ＢＭＩ呈负关联,提示减少膳食胆固醇和饱和脂肪摄入、     

柑桔的抗氧化作用研究

柑桔的抗氧化作用研究陈珏，伏纬华，吴凤梧，戚宝凤，许衡均，范华芬（浙江省医学科学院药物研究所，杭州３１００１３）关键词：柑桔，脂质过氧化作用ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅＡｎｔｉ－ＯｘｉｄａｔｉｖｅＡｃｔｉｏｎｏｆＣｉｔｒｕｓＦｒｕｉｔｓ￥ＣｈｅｎＪｕｅ；Ｆｕ...     

权威论证燕麦麸皮的功效

降血脂 高脂血症是引发动脉粥样硬化（AS）的主要原因之一．特别是胆固醇（TC）及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）水平的增高。燕麦麸皮中的可溶性膳食纤维增加了胆汁酸的排泄量．可明显降低体内总胆固醇水平;     

膳食纤维与限食作用对大鼠体内脂质过氧化作用的比较研究

比较3种膳食纤维与限食作用对大鼠体内脂质过氧化程度的影响,探讨膳食纤维抗氧化作用的机理.50只Wistar大鼠被随机分为5组,分别给予高脂饮食,其中3组分别添加10%的3种膳食纤维(纤维素、麦麸、果胶),另一组为10%限食组,其余一个组为对照组.大鼠喂养3个月后发现,膳食纤维各组大鼠粪便脂肪排出量增多,血清中及红细胞膜MDA水平显着低于对照组(P<0.05),红细胞膜的流动性显着高于对照组(P<0.05),而限食组与对照组相比,以上各指标均无显着性差别.由此说明膳食纤维发挥的抗氧化功能可能是通过影响脂肪的消化吸收,而不是由于其限食功能.     

低脂高膳食纤维饮食对小鼠肝脂及脂质过氧化的影响

[目的]本研究运用实验动物的方法,观察低脂高膳食纤维饮食对昆明种小鼠体重、肝脂和抗氧化作用的影响,探讨低脂高膳食纤维饮食延缓衰老及预防脂肪肝的作用机制。[方法]选取10周龄的昆明种小鼠,雌雄各半,随机分为对照组和低脂高膳食纤维组,每组17只。对照组:普通饲料自由进食;低脂高膳食纤维组:于实验开始后第1、2周分别给予90%、75%的热量饲料喂养,第3周～12周给予60%的热量饲料喂养,其他营养成分(维生素和矿物质等)相同,并自由饮水。12周后实验结束后,测定其肝组织中肝脂及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及谷光甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力和丙二醛(MDA)。[结果]低脂高膳食纤维组小鼠体重及体脂肪含量明显降低(P﹤0.05);肝组织中胆固醇含量、甘油三酯及低密度脂蛋白含量明显降低,高密度脂蛋白含量升高(P﹤0.05);肝组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力、过氧化氢酶活力增高(P﹤0.05),脂质过氧化产物丙二醛含量下降(P﹤0.05)。[结论]低脂高膳食纤维饮食具有明显降低小鼠体重、体脂肪含量及肝组织肝脂的作用,并可通过对抗氧化酶活力及脂质过氧化的影响起到一定的延缓衰老及防治脂肪肝的作用。     

刺梨汁对脂质过氧化作用影响的研究

本文用体外和体内实验观察刺梨汁对脂质过氧化作用的影响。结果表明、体外实验中IC_(50)对CHP和CCl_4分别为45μl/ml及85μl/ml,而相当于刺梨汁中浓度的维生素C反而具有促进作用;刺梨汁对大鼠体内脂质过氧化本底水平及CCl_2致脂质过氧化作用无明显影响。刺梨汁体外抗脂质过氧化作用的有效成分有待进一步鉴定。     

复合膳食纤维对大鼠脂代谢的短期作用

目的：　通过研究复合膳食纤维（ Ｄ Ｆ Ｃ） 对大鼠脂代谢的影响,以寻求降脂效果良好的最佳 Ｄ Ｆ Ｃ 比例配方,为进一步研究 Ｄ Ｆ Ｃ 可能的作用和机理提供依据。方法：　雌性、断乳 Ｓ Ｄ 大鼠４２ 只,经高脂饲料诱导成高脂血症模型后,按体重和血清总胆固醇水平均衡的原则分为６ 组,分别给予总膳食纤维水平一致但比例构成不同的四种复合膳食纤维,以高脂饲料作为对照组,观察其对大鼠血浆和肝脏脂质、粪中胆汁酸含量的影响。结果：　１ ．四种复合膳食纤维对大鼠摄食及生长发育均无不良影响。２ ．可溶性纤维（ Ｓ Ｄ Ｆ） 与不可溶性纤维（ Ｉ Ｓ Ｄ Ｆ） 比例为４ ．４ ,２ ．０ 及１ ．０ 的三种 Ｄ Ｆ Ｃ 均能显著降低高脂血症大鼠的血胆固醇（ Ｔ Ｃ） 、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ Ｌ Ｄ Ｌ Ｃ） 及肝胆固醇（ Ｌ Ｃ Ｈ） 水平,且这种作用与 Ｓ Ｄ Ｆ／ Ｉ Ｓ Ｄ Ｆ 比值之间密切相关;以 Ｓ Ｄ Ｆ／ Ｉ Ｓ Ｄ Ｆ＝２ ．０ 的 Ｄ Ｆ Ｃ Ｂ 作用最佳。３ ．各 Ｄ Ｆ Ｃ 均能增高大鼠血浆高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ Ｈ Ｄ Ｌ Ｃ） 及 Ｈ Ｄ Ｌ Ｃ 与 Ｌ Ｄ Ｌ Ｃ 的比值,仍以 Ｓ Ｄ Ｆ Ｆ／ Ｉ Ｓ Ｄ Ｆ＝ ２ ．０ 的 Ｄ Ｆ Ｃ Ｂ 作用最为显著。４ ．各组动物的粪胆汁酸排泄量高     

Effect of Dietary Fiber (Oat Bran) Supplement in Heart Rate Lowering in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized DASH-Diet-Controlled Clinical Trial

(1) Background: The management goal for patients with essential hypertension (HTN) is not only to lower blood pressure (BP), but also to control increased heart rate (HR). In a previous study, it was found that dietary fiber (DF) supplementation can effectively reduce BP in patients with HTN. The aim of this study was to determine whether a DF supplement can lower HR in patients with HTN. (2) Methods: Seventy patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly allocated into the control group (n = 34) and the intervention group (n = 36). The regular DASH dietary care was delivered to both groups of patients. In addition, one bag of oat bran (30 g/d, containing DF 8.9 g) was delivered to the intervention group. The 24 h ambulatory heart rate was measured at baseline and 3 months. (3) Results: At 3 months, the 24 h maximum heart rate (24h maxHR) in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group. After the intervention, within-group comparisons in the intervention group revealed that there were significant reductions in the 24 h average heart rate (24h aveHR), 24h maxHR, average heart rate during day time (D-aveHR), minimum heart rate during day time (D-minHR), and maximum heart rate during day time (D-maxHR). Similar differences were not found in the control group. (4) Conclusions: Dietary fiber (oat bran) supplementation might be beneficial in lowering HR in patients with HTN.     

膳食纤维在糖尿病治疗中应用的研究进展

膳食纤维是指植物性食品中不能被人类胃肠道所消化的糖类物质。包括非淀粉类多糖和本质素，本文从膳食纤维的主要来源、生理作用以及在临床中的应用进行了分析。并探讨了膳食纤维在糖尿病治疗中的可能作用机制。     

不同来源膳食纤维,钙与结直肠癌关系的研究

以一项基于全人群的营养流行病学病例对照研究数据，探讨不同食物来源的膳食纤维和钙与结、直肠癌联系性的可能差异。结果表明，蔬菜类膳食纤维与左、在半结肠癌和直肠癌，水果类膳食纤维与右半结肠癌均呈显著负相关；动物性膳食钙则具有降低左、右半结肠癌及直肠癌发病相对危险度的趋势。并经非条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归模型调整年龄、性别、总能量、维生索Ｃ、饱和脂肪酸等因素后上述联系仍然存在，提示为一类独立性变量。而谷类膳食纤维和植物性膳食钙的抗结直肠癌的保护性作用不显著。研究表明膳食纤维和钙对结直肠癌的保护性作用，不但与摄入量还与种类和来源密切相关。．．     

膳食纤维与不同蛋白质联用对大鼠胆固醇代谢的影响

观察４种膳食纤维在两种蛋白来源下，对高脂血症大鼠生长、血脂、肝胆固醇、粪类固醇及胆汁成分的影响。结果表明：①四种膳食纤维均可降低大鼠血清ＴＣ水平，尤以豆胶效果显著。②豆胶显著升高ＨＤＬ－Ｃ／ＬＤＬ－Ｃ。膳食蛋白为大豆蛋白时，豆胶、沙棘皮可显著升高血清ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＨＤＬ－Ｃ／ＴＣ。③豆胶显著减少肝胆固醇累积，两种沙棘皮与大豆蛋白联用降脂强于与酪蛋白共用。④蛋白来源显著影响粪类固醇的排出，纤维类型可影响中性固醇排出并与蛋白质有交互作用。提示：蛋白质与膳食纤维之间的交互作用是探讨营养素与脂质代谢不可忽视的因素。     

Plant Stanol Ester and Bran Fiber in Childhood: Effects on Lipids,Stool Weight and Stool Frequency in Preschool Children

Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of plant stanol esters and bran fiber on lipids, stool weight and stool frequency in preschool children.

Methods: The present study was a 13 week open cross-over study designed to evaluate the effects of plant stanol ester in healthy two to five year old preschool children. After a one week lead-in, eligible children were randomly assigned to begin with either Diet Phase A (plant stanol ester) or Phase B (wheat bran fiber). Each diet phase was four weeks long, followed by a two-week wash-out, and then cross-over to the alternate diet. During Diet Phase A children consumed three eight-gram servings of a spread, each containing one gram of plant stanols, for total daily dose of three grams. During Diet Phase B, children added five grams of dietary fiber to their diet for the first two weeks and then ten grams for the second two weeks.

Results: Overall, for the whole study group, plant-stanol-ester spread use yielded a decrease in total cholesterol of 19.9 mg/dL (12.4% reduction from baseline) and a 14.6 mg/dL decrease in LDL cholesterol (15.5% reduction from baseline). There were no significant changes in HDL-cholesterol or triglyceride levels. A predominately insoluble dietary fiber supplement derived from wheat bran, as expected, yielded a small but non-significant decrease in total cholesterol of 6.1 mg/dL, a four percent reduction from baseline.

Conclusions: Results demonstrated that preschool age children could adhere to a program requiring consumption of three daily servings of spread containing plant stanol ester and that this level of consumption resulted in a significant decrease in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol after a four week period. In addition, consumption of plant stanol ester was not associated with any short-term adverse health effects.     

Individual Sugars, Soluble, and Insoluble Dietary Fiber Contents of 70 High Consumption Foods

As part of the continuous efforts of the Nutrient Data Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), USDA in updating and expanding the carbohydrate data in its database, foods were selected based on dietary fiber content and frequency of consumption. They were analyzed by a commercial testing laboratory under a USDA contract. Individual sugars, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber values of 70 foods in six food groups were reported. Foods included 14 baked products, 10 cereal grains and pastas, 19 fruits, seven legumes, 10 cooked vegetables, and 10 raw vegetables. Except for cereal grains/pasta and legumes, most other foods contained fructose and glucose; sucrose was found in almost all except baked products, which were the most predominant source of maltose. Fruits contained the most total sugar and cereal, grains/pasta the least. Legumes contained the highest amount of total dietary fiber. All these commonly consumed foods, with the exception of cooked white rice, contained both soluble and insoluble dietary fiber. The percent of soluble and insoluble fiber varied across food groups, even within each group. Comparison of data from the commercial laboratory with those of the same food analyzed in the Food Composition Laboratory using different methods indicated there was good agreement between high-performance liquid chromatographic and gas chromatographic methods for the determination of individual sugars. Total dietary fiber as calculated from the sum of soluble and insoluble fiber according to AOAC Method 991.43 and total dietary fiber from direct analysis using a single enzyme-gravimetric method showed high variability (r²<0.8) for three of the six food groups, but good agreement for others.     

强化复合膳食纤维饮食对单纯性肥胖者体重和血脂的影响

目的探讨强化复合膳食纤维饮食对单纯性肥胖者体重和血脂的影响。方法将68例单纯性肥胖者随机分为强化膳食纤维组(34例)和对照组(34例),两组从基线期开始给予相同模式的饮食,强化膳食纤维组每日额外给予16g复合膳食纤维制剂随餐服用,而对照组给予16g外观和性状相似的小麦粉,8周后观察两组患者体重和血脂的变化情况。结果 8周后,强化膳食纤维组的体重、体重指数、腰围、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的水平均较基线期和对照组明显降低(P0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯的水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05);而在对照组中,各项观察指标前后比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论强化复合膳食纤维饮食可降低单纯性肥胖者的体重、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。     

果胶对大鼠脂质代谢、脂质过氧化和血浆纤维蛋白原的影响

观察可溶性膳食纤维对大鼠脂质代谢、脂质过氧化和血浆纤维蛋白原的影响。健康雄性大鼠饲以高脂饲料同时添加１０％果胶,喂饲１２周后测其血、肝中总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和血浆纤维蛋白原含量。结果表明果胶能明显降低血、肝中ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＭＤＡ含量,使肝中ＳＯＤ活力升高,同时果胶组血浆纤维蛋白原水平较对照亦明显下降。结果提示可溶性膳食纤维对动脉粥样硬化和冠心病具有良好的防治作用。     

膳食纤维改善老年便秘作用的研究

目的探索在老年人中开展增加膳食纤维摄入量改善便秘的方法,为在老年人群中广泛开展相关干预奠定基础。方法通过专科医院收集老年便秘患者,采用双盲随机对照试验,在试验组进行定量增加膳食纤维的干预,对照组食用安慰剂。应用SPSS11.5软件分析自身前后及组间便秘程度的改善。结果试验组自身前后的排便次数、排便状况、粪便性状均改变(P<0.01);试食后组间的排便次数、排便状况、粪便性状也均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论通过定量增加膳食纤维的摄入,可以达到改善老年人便秘的作用。     

复合膳食纤维对大鼠急性胰腺炎时肠粘膜屏障的保护研究

目的 探讨复合膳食纤维（dietary fiber complex,DFC）在大鼠急性胰腺炎（acute pancreatitis,AP）时对肠粘膜屏障功能的作用.方法 采用5％的牛黄胆酸钠（0.1mL/100mg）逆行注射入胰胆管法制备AP模型,44只大鼠随机分为4组,单纯模型组（A组）,肠内营养剂（能全素）组（B组）,能全素＋复合膳食纤维[可溶性膳食纤维（SDF）∶不可溶性膳食纤维（IDF）=1∶3]（C组）,能全素＋复合膳食纤维[SDF∶ IDF=3∶1]（D组）,分别于造模后12、24、48h时取门静脉及腹主动脉血并比较各时段各组大鼠血清中内毒素、D-乳酸的变化.结果 C组和D组血清内毒素和D-乳酸的释放低于A组和B组（P＜0.05）,B组血清内毒素和D-乳酸释放低于A组（P＜0.05）,C组内毒素和D-乳酸低于D组,但没有统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 复合膳食纤维对急性胰腺炎大鼠肠黏膜屏障功能有一定的保护作用.