RP-HPLC测定糙叶五加不同药用部位中槲皮素和山柰酚

目的 建立同时测定糙叶五加不同药用部位中槲皮素和山柰酚的方法.方法采用RP-HPLC法,色谱柱为AT.Lichrom ODS-C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇-磷酸-水(50∶0.2∶49.8)为流动相,柱温30℃,体积流量1.0 mL/min,检测波长360 nm,进样量10μL.结果槲皮素在0.018～0.720μg线性关系良好(r=0.999 6),加样回收率为98.41％,RSD为0.91％;山柰酚在0.016～0.640μg线性关系良好(r=0.999 7),加样同收率为98.06％,RSD为1.39％.槲皮素和山柰酚在叶中的量最高,其次是茎,根中未检出.结论对糙叶五加不同药用部位槲皮素和山奈酚进行了测定,所建立的HPLC法稳定性好、准确性高,适用于糙叶五加中槲皮素和山柰酚的定量分析.     

柘木茎的化学成分研究

目的:研究柘木茎的化学成分.方法:采用硅胶柱色谱和Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱等色谱方法进行分离纯化,并根据NMR,MS等波谱方法和理化性质鉴定其化学结构.结果:从其醇提物中分离得到13个化合物,分别为(3β,13α,14β,17α)-7,24-二烯-3-乙酰羊毛甾醇(1),粘霉烯醇(2),蒲公英萜酮(3),槲皮素(4),山奈酚(5),异鼠李素(6),香豌豆酚(7),3'.甲氧基奥洛波尔(8),花旗松素(9),柑桔素(10),草大戟素(11),1,3,6,7-四羟基口山酮(12),5,7-二羟基色原酮(13).结论:化合物1-3,6,13为首次从柘属中分离得到,化合物12为首次从本植物中分离得到,且首次报道从本属植物中分离得到三萜类成分.     

鸡冠花有效成分与药材粉末颜色的相关性

目的:研究鸡冠花药材粉末颜色与其有效成分含量的相关性。方法:用电子感观分析法(色度计)测量药材粉末L*,a*,b*值,用RP-HPLC法同时测定鸡冠花4种有效成分含量,用紫外-可见分光光度法测定鸡冠花总黄酮(以芦丁计)含量,用SPSS 19.0分析颜色值与有效成分含量间的相关性。结果:L*与木犀草素、槲皮素、山柰酚、异鼠李素含量呈极显著负相关;a*与木犀草素、槲皮素、山柰酚含量呈极显著正相关;b*与木犀草素、槲皮素、山柰酚呈极显著负相关。a*,b*与异鼠李素含量不相关,L*,a*,b*与总黄酮(以芦丁计)的含量不相关。结论:鸡冠花粉末颜色越暗、偏红程度越大,其木犀草素、槲皮素、山柰酚含量越高,而偏黄程度大,则木犀草素、槲皮素、山柰酚含量越低;鸡冠花异鼠李素含量仅与鸡冠花粉末明暗程度相关(负相关);鸡冠花总黄酮含量(以芦丁计)与其粉末颜色不相关。木犀草素、槲皮素、山柰酚代表了植物中最多的黄酮醇类化合物,因此用它们作对照品来分析药材有效成分与粉末颜色相关性有一定意义,且测定鸡冠花的颜色值用以评价其质量具有简便、节能的优点,可为鸡冠花的质量控制提供新的途径和参考。另外,鸡冠花主要色素类成分为红色素,鸡冠花粉末颜色值是否反应鸡冠花红色素的含量以及鸡冠花具体发挥作用的成分有待于进一步研究。     

两种檵木叶中黄酮类成分含量随生长期变化研究

目的:通过对两种檵木叶中黄酮类成分含量随生长期变化的研究,确定两种檵木叶的最佳采收期;比较两种檵木叶中黄酮类成分的含量高低,从而评价两种檵木叶的质量差异,为建立其质量标准提供依据,亦为两种檵木叶能否互相替换使用提供数据支撑。方法:以槲皮素、山柰酚为评价指标,采用高效液相色谱法测定两种檵木叶在不同生长期(4-10月)黄酮类成分的含量。采用95%可信区间重叠法及配对t检验比较不同生长期两种檵木叶中黄酮类成分含量的差异。结果:槲皮素、山柰酚分别在55.2ng～552.0ng(r=0.999 7)、66.0ng～660.0ng(r=0.999 8)范围内线性关系良好。平均加样回收率分别为98.64%、99.86%,RSD分别为2.59%、3.31%。红花檵木叶中槲皮素、山柰酚的含量均是7月份最高(95%可信区间未重叠,有统计学意义),白花檵木叶中槲皮素含量7月份最高,山柰酚含量5-6月份较高(95%可信区间未重叠,有统计学意义)。配对t检验结果表明,红花檵木叶中槲皮素的含量远高于白花檵木叶中槲皮素的含量,差别具有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);白花檵木叶比红花檵木叶中山柰酚的含量更高,结...     

炮制、煎煮方式对化痰祛湿活血方中18种成分含量的影响

目的：基于中药炮制理论和文献研究,探究炮制和煎煮方式对化痰祛湿活血方中18种有效成分含量的影响。方法：采用高效液相色谱法建立丹参素钠、绿原酸、阿魏酸、金丝桃苷、芦丁、橙皮苷、槲皮苷、丹酚酸B、槲皮素、柚皮素、水飞蓟宾、山柰酚、芹菜素、橙黄决明素、23-乙酰泽泻醇C、柴胡皂苷b2、柴胡皂苷b1、丹参酮ⅡA等18种成分含量测定方法;采用聚类分析（HCA）、主成分分析（PCA）、偏最小二乘法-判别分析（PLS-DA）进行数据结果分析。结果：炮制前后混煎水煎液中绿原酸、芦丁、丹酚酸B、水飞蓟宾、山柰酚、芹菜素、柴胡皂苷b1、柴胡皂苷b2、丹参酮ⅡA含量均高于单煎水煎液;单煎水煎液中丹参素钠、阿魏酸、橙皮苷、槲皮素、柚皮素、23-乙酰泽泻醇C均高于混煎水煎液;无论单煎还是混煎炮制后的组方中柴胡皂苷b2含量升高,而原方绿原酸、阿魏酸、金丝桃苷、槲皮苷、槲皮素、23-乙酰泽泻醇C、柴胡皂苷b1、丹参酮ⅡA含量降低;PCA结果分析表明,46.2%的差异由煎煮方式引起,29.8%由炮制引起的;芦丁、山柰酚、橙皮苷、柴胡皂苷b2、橙黄决明素、水飞蓟宾、阿魏酸是不同煎煮方式的差异成分,芦丁、丹参素钠、丹酚酸...     

啤酒花的黄酮类成分

对啤酒花Humulus lupulus的化学成分进行研究.采用大孔树脂、硅胶柱、ODS柱、Sephadex LH-20柱和高压制备液相色谱仪分离纯化,利用MS,NMR等波谱方法鉴定化合物的结构.从啤酒花60％乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了9个化合物,依次为花旗松素(taxifolin,1),柚皮素(naringenin,2),柑橘查耳酮(chalconaringenin,3),金合欢素(acacetin,4),槲皮素3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(quercetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside,5),6-戊烯基柚皮素(6-prenylnaringenin,6),黄腐酚(xanthohumol,7),脱甲基黄腐酚(desmethylxanthohumol,8),黄腐酚B(xanthohumol B,9).其中,化合物1～5为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

RP-HPLC同时测定珍珠菜中槲皮素和山奈酚的含量

目的:建立反相高效液相色谱法测定珍珠菜中槲皮素和山柰酚的含量.方法:采用ZORBAX SB-C18(4.6 mm×150mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-水(含0.4%的磷酸)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0～15 min,17:83～40:60),流速1 mL/min,检测波长360 nm,柱温40℃.结果:槲皮素和山柰酚分别在0.0057～0.114 μg(r=0.9999),0.0059～0.118 μg(r=0.9999)范围内呈良好的线性关系,样品中槲皮素和山柰酚的平均回收率(n=9)分别为97.3%(RSD=1.12%),97.2%(RSD=1.94%).结论:本方法快速,简单,分离度好,适合珍珠菜的含量测定.     

HPLC测定截叶铁扫帚不同药用部位中槲皮素、山奈酚的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法同时测定截叶铁扫帚不同药用部位中槲皮素、山奈酚含量的方法.方法:采用Daisogel Sp-ODS-BP C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流动相甲醇-0.2％磷酸(63∶37),流速1.0 mL·min-1,柱温25℃,检测波长360nm.结果:槲皮素在6.25～100 mg·L -呈良好的线性关系(r =0.999 9),加样回收率100.75％,RSD 1.92％,山奈酚在0.638～20.4 mg·L -呈良好的线性关系(r =0.999 9),加样回收率为99.76％,RSD 1.99％.根、枝、叶部位槲皮素的平均质量分数分别为9.00,41.79,221.86 μg·g-1,山奈酚的平均质量分数分别为3.09,7.52,40.72 μg·g-1.结论:该方法简便快速,结果准确可靠,可作为截叶铁扫帚不同药用部位的含量测定方法,为合理开发利用截叶铁扫帚资源提供理论依据.     

RP-HPLC同时测定珍珠菜中槲皮素和山柰酚的含量

目的:建立反相高效液相色谱法测定珍珠菜中槲皮素和山柰酚的含量。方法:采用ZORBAX SB-C18(4.6 mm×150mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-水(含0.4%的磷酸)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0～15 min,17∶83～40∶60),流速1 mL/min,检测波长360 nm,柱温40°C。结果:槲皮素和山柰酚分别在0.005 7～0.114μg(r=0.999 9),0.005 9～0.118μg(r=0.999 9)范围内呈良好的线性关系,样品中槲皮素和山柰酚的平均回收率(n=9)分别为97.3%(RSD=1.12%),97.2%(RSD=1.94%)。结论:本方法快速,简单,分离度好,适合珍珠菜的含量测定。     

HPLC法测定芪红水煎剂中花旗松素和槲皮素的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定芪红水煎剂中2种主要有效成分花旗松素和槲皮素的含量。方法:采用Waters Sunfire C_(18)(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-0.5%磷酸溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,流速1 m L/min,检测波长290 nm(花旗松素)、365 nm(槲皮素)。结果:花旗松素和槲皮素线性范围分别为0.075 5~0.120 8μg(r=0.999 4)和0.030 8~0.092 4μg(r=0.999 9);平均加样回收率(n=6)分别为102.74%(RSD=1.71%)和102.45%(RSD=1.52%)。结论:本法简便、准确,重复性好,可用于芪红水煎剂中花旗松素和槲皮素的含量测定。亦可作为芪红水煎液质量控制方法之一。     

柘木的化学成分

目的:对柘木化学成分进行研究。方法:采用硅胶和D-101大孔树脂色谱方法进行提取分离,利用理化数据及波谱技术鉴定结构。结果:从柘木根的乙醇提取物中分离得到8个化合物:羽扇豆醇(1),β-谷甾醇(2),2’,3’-dihydroxypropyl pentadecanoate(3),itesmol(4),白桦酯醇(5),熊果酸(6),蔗糖(7),胡萝卜苷(8)。结论:化合物1,3,4,5,6为首次从该属植物中分离得到的,化合物4为首次从桑科植物中分离得到。     

柘树悬浮培养细胞的化学成分研究

采用硅胶柱色谱,半制备HPLC,Sephadex LH-20等分离和纯化技术,从柘树悬浮细胞培养物中分离得到了10个化合物,依据其理化性质和各种波谱技术分别鉴定为1,3,5-三羟基-4-异戊烯基(口山)酮(1),怀特酮(2),6-异戊烯基芹菜素(3),甘草黄酮C(4),柘树黄酮C(5),erythrivarone A (6),derrone(7),红花素(8),染料木素(9)和香橙素(10).其中化合物1为(山)酮类化合物,化合物2～10为黄酮类化合物,化合物1是从该植物中未曾分离得到的化合物.     

列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属植物传统药物学调查

通过野外资源调查、整理各大标本馆标本原始记录和查阅文献记载等方法,系统整理、总结、归纳了列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属民族药用植物种类、功效及民间使用情况,结果表明列当属6种药用植物在4个少数民族间作为7种民族药应用,草苁蓉属2种药用植物在8个少数民族间作为10种民族药应用,肉苁蓉属2种药用植物在3个少数民族间作为3种民族药应用,且同种药用植物常作不同民族药;发现3属植物的传统疗效主要集中在补肾壮阳、止血和止痛3个方面,并且该传统疗效与现代药理研究结果基本吻合。因此深入研究植物种类丰富的列当属植物资源对缓解肉苁蓉植物资源匮乏局面和扩大药源具有积极意义。     

金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因克隆和生物信息学分析

目的:克隆金银花类药用植物4-二磷酸胞苷-2-C-甲基赤藓糖激酶(4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase,IspE)和4-羟基-3-甲基-2-邻苯基二磷酸还原酶(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase,IspH)基因,并对其基因序列、蛋白特性和转录活性进行分析、比较.方法:从忍冬Lonicera japonica转录组测序结果中分析获得了IspE,IspH基因.分别以忍冬、红白忍冬L.japonica var.chinensis、红腺忍冬L.hypoglauca和水忍冬L.dasystyla新鲜花蕾为材料,利用RT-PCR技术克隆获得了4种金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因的全长cDNA.运用生物信息学分析软件,预测编码蛋白的结构和功能,并通过RT-PCR检测IspE和IspH在忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬、水忍冬花蕾中的转录情况.结果:金银花类药用植物IspE基因含有1个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 221 bp,编码406个氨基酸;IspH含有一个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 380 bp,编码459个氨基酸.IspE和IspH均为非分泌蛋白,均定位于叶绿体中.RT-PCR分析结果表明在忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬的花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平没有显著差异,但红白忍冬花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平均显著高于忍冬.结论:克隆获得忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬中IspE,IspH基因,并证实了其在不同金银花类药用植物中的表达,为进一步研究IspE,IspH基因对萜类化合物生物合成和花香气以及颜色的影响奠定了基础.     

丛枝菌根真菌与哈茨木霉菌合用对连作丹参生长及质量的影响

该文探讨田间条件下丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)与哈茨木霉菌合用对丹参生长及质量的影响。采用田间小区试验来进行研究,使用HPLC测定丹参地上部分和地下部分有效成分含量,通过形态观察并计算根部发病率,并结合方差统计学方法对各指标的测定结果进行分析。结果显示,单独接种AMF以及AMF与哈茨木霉菌合用能够有效的降低连作丹参根部病害的发生率,其中AMF与哈茨木霉菌合用效果更佳,比CK组降低了61.50%。几种处理对丹参生物量影响没有显著差异,但都能提高丹参根部各种有效成分的含量。单独接种AMF以及AMF+哈茨木霉都能显著提高丹参根中丹酚酸B的含量(P<0.05),其中AMF对丹酚酸B促进作用最明显,提高了27.97%;接种AMF能显著提高丹参根丹参酮I和丹参酮ⅡA的含量(P<0.05),其中丹参酮I约提高了70.14%;丹参酮ⅡA约提高了51.42%。另外,单独接种AMF以及AMF+哈茨木霉均能显著提高丹参根中隐丹参酮的含量,提高了约30.67%。从而得出单独接种AMF以及AMF+哈茨木霉能够有效减低连作丹参病害的发生率,同时提高连作丹参药材的质量。     

髯丝蛛毛苣苔和吊石苣苔抗菌活性成分研究

目的 研究髯丝蛛毛苣苔和吊石苣苔的抗菌活性成分.方法 以小檗碱为阳性对照,利用纸片扩散法进行抗菌活性研究,液体培养法进行活性成分筛选;采用各种色谱法对高活性部位分离,运用多种波谱技术鉴定结构.结果 从髯丝蛛毛苣苔醋酸乙酯部位分离得到5个化合物β-谷甾醇(1),E-3,4-二甲氧基肉桂酸(2),barbinervic acid (3),3β,19α-二羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸(4),28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl pomolic acid(5).从吊石苣苔醋酸乙酯部位分离得到3个化合物 5,7-二羟基-6,8,4'-三甲氧基黄酮(6),5,6,4'-三羟基-7,8-二甲氧基黄酮(7),5-羟基-6,8,4'-三甲氧基黄酮-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8).化合物3,4,6对金黄色葡萄球菌(SA)、耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌(MRSA)和β-内酰胺酶阳性的金黄色葡萄球菌(ESBLs-SA)具有抑制活性.其中化合物3(IC50 0.098 g·L-1)抑制SA活性最好;化合物4(IC50 0.130 g·L-1)抑制MRSA活性最好;化合物3(IC50 0.270mg·L-1)抑制ESBLs-SA活性最好.结论 化合物1～5为首次从植物中分离得到,7,8为首次从该科植物中分离得到.     

Anthelmintic activity of Arisaema franchetianum and Arisaema lobatum essential oils against Haemonchus contortus

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Arisaema franchetianum and Arisaema lobatum are two perennial plants native to China. Arisaema franchetianum is universally used to promote the subsidence of induration and swelling, quicken blood and relieve pains, and kill intestinal parasites in humans and animals. Arisaema lobatum is used to treat malaria, intestinal parasites, and snake and insect bites in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to determine the composition of the essential oils from Arisaema franchetianum and Arisaema lobatum and evaluate the anthelmintic effect against Haemonchus contortus.

Materials and methods

Two oils were investigated by GC and GC–MS. The anthelmintic bioassay tests of Arisaema franchetianum and Arisaema lobatum essential oil, linalool and carvacrol were performed using egg hatch assay (EHA), larval development assay (LDA) and larval migration inhibition assay (LMIA).

Results

Fifty six components representing 96.88% of the Arisaema franchetianum oil and 64 components representing 96.88% of the Arisaema lobatum oil were identified. Carvacrol and linalool were found to be the major constituents of two oils. In the EHA, greater than 99% inhibition were observed with Arisaema franchetianum oil at 10 mg/mL (CE₅₀ 1.63 mg/mL) and Arisaema lobatum oil at 5 and 10 mg/mL (CE₅₀ 0.48 mg/mL). In the LDA, both oils induced complete inhibition at 10 mg/mL, with the CE₅₀ being 1.10 mg/mL for Arisaema franchetianum oil and 0.73 mg/mL for Arisaema lobatum oil. In the LMIA, the Arisaema franchetianum oil and Arisaema lobatum oil at best inhibited 74.1% and 95.6% of larval migration at 10 mg/mL, respectively. Carvacrol exhibited similar activity to Arisaema lobatum essential oil and linalool did not show high activity in every assay.

Conclusions

These data show for the first time that the essential oils obtained from Arisaema franchetianum or Arisaema lobatum had promising anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus. Arisaema plant may offer an alternative source for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats.     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

Antimalarial and safety evaluation of Pluchea lanceolata (DC.) Oliv. & Hiern: In-vitro and in-vivo study

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Many of the effective therapeutic strategies have been derived from ethnopharmacologically used natural products. Pluchea lanceolata is an herb employed in Indian folk medicine for malaria like fever but it lacks proper pharmacological intervention.

Aim of the study

To evaluate antimalarial and safety profile of Pluchea lanceolata: an in-vitro, in-vivo for its ethnopharmacological validation.

Materials and methods

Methanol, butanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, hexane extracts and its isolate, taraxasterol acetate (TxAc) were obtained from air dried aerial part of Pluchea lanceolata. These were tested in-vitro against chloroquine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum NF54 by measuring the parasite specific lactate dehydrogenase activity. The most potent hexane extract and TxAc were further validated for in-vivo antimalarial and safety evaluation. TxAc, a pentacyclic-triterpene isolated from the most active fraction was further evaluated with special emphasis on inflammatory mediators involved in malaria pathogenesis. Murine malaria was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of Plasmodium berghei infected red blood cells to the male Swiss inbred mice. Mice were orally treated following Peters 4-Day suppression test. In-vivo antimalarial efficacy was examined by evaluating the parasitaemia, percent survival, mean survival time, blood glucose, haemoglobin and pro-inflammatory mediators involved in malaria pathogenesis.

Results

Hexane extract and TxAc showed promising antimalarial activity in-vitro and in-vivo condition. TxAc attributed in inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as afford to significant increase in the blood glucose and haemoglobin level when compared with vehicle treated infected mice. We have not observed the synergistic action of combinations of chloroquine and TxAc from our experimental results. In-vitro and in-vivo safety evaluation study revealed that hexane extract is non toxic at higher concentration.

Conclusion

Present study further validates the ancient Indian traditional knowledge and use of Pluchea lanceolata as an antimalarial agent. Study confirms the suitability of Pluchea lanceolata as a candidate for further studies to obtain a prototype for antimalarial medicine.     

追风伞中黄酮类成分的研究

目的:对追风伞中的黄酮类成分进行分离、鉴定。方法:追风伞干燥全草用95%乙醇溶液加热回流提取,减压回收乙醇,浓缩液依次用石油醚、氯仿萃取后,水层部分利用大孔吸附树脂、硅胶柱色谱、反相Rp-18柱色谱及重结晶等方法进行分离及纯化,并通过1H-NMR,13C-NMR,EI-MS及理化常数对分离化合物进行结构鉴定。结果:从追风伞提取物中分离鉴定9个黄酮类化合物,分别为:木犀草素(1),木犀草素-4′-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2),刺槐素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3),芦丁(4),刺槐素(5),槲皮素(6),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8),异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(9)。结论:所得化合物均为首次从追风伞中分离鉴定。