飞行训练对飞行学员下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴功能的影响

目的研究飞行训练对飞行学员下丘脑－垂体－性腺轴功能的影响,以及与飞行人员常见病的内在联系。方法选择飞行基础学院毕业学员和飞行学院完成初教机训练和高教机训练阶段的学员２５１名,检测其血清雌二醇（Ｅ２）、睾酮（Ｔ）、催乳素（ＰＲＬ）、卵泡刺激素（ＦＳＨ）和黄体生成素（ＬＨ）５项指标,观察在不同训练阶段它们的分泌水平,以了解飞行训练环境下血清性腺激素水平的变化。结果各学员组Ｅ２、Ｔ、ＰＲＬ、ＬＨ、ＦＳＨ、Ｅ２／Ｔ比值均有不同程度的改变,表明飞行学员下丘脑－垂体－性腺轴存在多层次的功能失调,不但有靶腺功能失调,下丘脑和垂体也存在一定程度的功能改变,并尤以Ｅ２、Ｔ、Ｅ２／Ｔ比值改变较为突出。各学员组性激素水平和自身对照比较,其变化呈递增趋势,并随训练项目变化、机种改变、飞行时间延长、飞行强度加大和飞行科目复杂程度而逐渐加强。结论飞行因素引起的性腺轴激素分泌失调与飞行人员常见病有内在联系,在飞行群体常见病防治中要注意观察性腺轴变化,调整性腺激素的平衡。     

急性脑血管病下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴功能的改变

目的：探讨急性脑血管病与下丘脑－垂体－性腺轴的相互关系。方法：采用放射免疫法测定３０例脑出血患者,３２例脑梗塞患者及３０名正常对照的血清黄体生成素（ＬＨ）、促卵泡刺激素（ＦＳＨ）、睾酮（Ｔ）、雌二醇（Ｅ２）的含量。结果：脑出血组男性Ｔ明显降低,女性Ｔ明显升高,脑梗塞组男性Ｔ明显降低,女性Ｅ２明显降低,与对照组比较均有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）。两组的男性Ｅ２／Ｔ值较对照组显著高珩梗塞组（Ｐ〈０．０     

吗啡成瘾者戒除前后血清吗啡及垂体－性腺激素浓度的变化

吗啡成瘾者戒除前后血清吗啡及垂体－性腺激素浓度的变化肖华龙，俞惠英，殷政芳，朱亚妮为了解吗啡对垂体－性腺激素的影响．用放射免疫分析法（ＲＩＡ）测定了２５例男性吗啡成瘾者戒除前后血清睾酮（Ｔ）、雌二醇（Ｅ２）、孕酮（Ｐ）、黄体生成素（ＬＨ）及卵泡刺激素...     

纸片血清标本FSH及LH放射免疫测定研究

纸片血清标本ＦＳＨ及ＬＨ放射免疫测定研究武警甘肃总队医院核医学科刘德喜胡金贵马丽侠（兰州７３００５０）关键词促卵泡成熟激素黄体生成刺激素放射免疫滤纸促卵泡成熟激素（ＦＳＨ）及黄体生成刺激素（ＬＨ）放射免疫测定已成为临床了解下丘脑－垂体－性腺轴功能，诊...     

补肾中药对运动大鼠下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴功能的调节作用

本实验采用由仙灵脾、肉苁蓉、枸杞等组成的以温补肾阳为主、滋补肾阴为辅的补肾中药,观察其对长期大运动量游泳运动所致大鼠低血睾酮和下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴(HPG)功能的调节作用.我们采用递增负重游泳运动造成低血睾酮实验动物模型发现,6周运动后,单纯运动组大鼠血睾酮水平显著下降,皮质酮显著上升,睾酮和皮质酮比值下降了71%,电镜下观察单纯运动组大鼠下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴各级细胞超微结构发现,下丘脑GnRH神经分泌细胞、垂体LH、FSH促性腺细胞和睾丸间质细胞出现功能减退甚至衰竭的形态学改变.运动加服用补肾中药组大鼠血睾酮水平较单纯运动组有明显改善,而且下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴各级细胞超微结构呈现调节功能增强的形态学改变.结果表明下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴调节功能减退是造成运动性低血睾酮的重要原因,合理采用补肾中药能显著改善运动性低血睾酮大鼠垂体和性腺激素水平,对调节下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴功能和维持性腺轴各级细胞超微结构的正常和完整性有保护作用.     

240例甲亢、甲低患者血清性激素测定分析

笔者检测了240例甲状腺功能亢进(简称甲亢)、甲状腺功能减退(简称甲低)患者的促卵泡成熟素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、孕酮(P)、雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(T)和垂体泌乳素(PRL)水平,以探讨甲亢、甲低患者下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的变化规律,现报道如下.     

“GnRH－A”试验观察女子运动员激烈运动后下丘脑－垂体－性腺和肾上腺轴的变化

应用“ＧｎＲＨ类似物（Ｇ－Ａ）运动试验”观察女子运动员高强度训练后下丘脑的变化及其对垂体－性腺轴的影响。９名处于排卵后期的运动员参加了为期５天的试验。对照组（４名）极限负荷运动后ＬＨ、ＦＳＨ等无明显变化而Ｅ２和Ｅ２／Ｐ降低。Ｇ－Ａ组ＬＨ和ＦＳＨ剧烈增高，Ｅ２和Ｅ２／Ｐ明显升高而ＦｓＨ／ＬＨ降低，提示高强度运动主要抑制下丘脑而不是垂体和外周性腺。但在５天实验中未见这一现象的累积现象。Ｔ，Ｃ，ＡＣＴＨ和Ｔ／Ｃ均未见有规律的变化，提示以Ｔ／Ｃ比率改变评价女子运动员机能状态可能是不敏感的。     

运动员血清中黄体生成素生物活性与免疫活性的研究

对２８名普通男大学生，１４名男竞走运动员和２０名男短跑运动员安静状态的血清免疫活性黄体生成素（ＲＩＡ－ＬＨ）、生物活性黄体生成素（Ｂｉｏ－ＬＨ）及睾酮水平进行了测试，并分析了１４名男子足球运动员急性运动前、后Ｂｉｏ－ＬＨ，ＲＩＡ－ＬＨ和睾酮的变化。结果表明：（１）三组受试者Ｂｉｏ－ＬＨ与ＲＩＡ－ＬＨ呈正相关，三组之间的Ｂ／Ｉ比值和睾酮水平均无显著性差异，表明他们的垂体－性腺轴的分泌功能状况基本一致。（２）竞走运动员的ＲＩＡ－ＬＨ明显高于其他两组，而Ｂｉｏ－ＬＨ无显著性差异。提示：把Ｂｉｏ－ＬＨ和ＲＩＡ－ＬＨ结合起来。能更客观地评价ＬＨ的水平。（３）急性运动后，Ｂｉｏ－ＬＨ明显升高，而ＲＩＡ－ＬＨ变化不明显，表明运动使ＬＨ的成分发生改变。（４）急性运动后血清睾酮的升高，可能与ＬＨ生物活性升高有关。     

月经失调运动员下丘脑─垂体─卵巢的内分泌变化

为了探讨运动性闭经及月经失调的发病机制，选择了５３名女运动员作为研究对象。采用放免法（ＲＩＡ）测定闭经组、长月经周期组和对照组血浆基础β—内啡肽（β－ＥＰ）、促性腺激素释放激素（ＧｎＲＨ）、黄体生成素（ＬＨ）、卵泡刺激素（ＦＳＨ）的浓度。结果表明闭经组和长周期组的ＧｎＲＨ值显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。对闭经组进行垂体兴奋试验表明，其垂体未发生器质性病变。用ＲＩＡ法测定长月经周期组、短月经周期组和对照组唾液基础雌二醇（Ｅ_２）、孕酮（Ｐ）浓度。结果表明，长、短周期组Ｅ_２和Ｐ浓度均低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

运动训练对雄性大鼠垂体─性腺轴功能的影响

本研究通过使用自己制造的大鼠流动水游泳池，对雄性大鼠进行了６周递增负荷的游泳训练，以此来探讨运动训练对大鼠垂体－性腺轴功能的影响，结果显示：与安静对照大鼠相比，训练大鼠的一般状态较差，血清睾酮水平显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），血清睾酮／皮质酮比值平均降低了３０％以上；而血清ＬＨ和ＦＳＨ水平未见明显变化。通过对大鼠睾丸组织ＬＨ／ＣＧ受体的测定，显示运动训练虽未引起其最大结合量的改变，却能使其解离常数显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示此种训练可能通过降低睾丸ＬＨ／ＣＧ受体对垂体分泌ＬＨ的亲和力，从而影响睾酮的合成。     

闭经运动员与月经期运动员相关生殖激素水平比较

目的:比较闭经运动员与有周期月经的运动员月经期中雌二醇(Estradiol,E2)、卵泡刺激素(Follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)、黄体生成素(Luteinizing hormone,LH)、催乳素(Prolactin,PRL)、性激素结合球蛋白(Sex hormone-binding globulin,SHBG)及生长激素(Growth hormone,GH)水平的差异,探讨上述激素与运动性闭经的关系。方法:夏训开始2周后,对广东省体育运动技术学院专项训练2年以上、年龄14～21岁的女子运动员的月经史进行问卷调查。闭经运动员9人(原发性闭经3人,继发性闭经6人)为闭经组,在有周期月经的运动员中选与闭经组同一专项、年龄相似的运动员10人作为对照组(即周期月经组)。两组对象均身体健康,无生殖系统器质性病变,且近3个月未使用激素类药物。空腹肘静脉取血,时间为周期月经组月经期第2～4天,闭经组任选一日,且两组运动员取血前至少24～48小时内均无大负荷训练。放射免疫法测血清E2值,双抗夹心免疫放射法测血清FSH、LH、GH、PRL及SHBG水平。结果:两组运动员血LH、FSH及E2水平差异不明显,闭经运动员血液生殖激素水平相当于周期月经组运动员月经期即生殖激素生理性波动低值期水平。闭经组血PRL水平显著低于周期月经组,GH、SHBG水平显著高于周期月经组。结论:血PRL水平降低及SHBG水平升高可能与运动性闭经有关。     

飞行学员空间认知特征与飞行能力的关系

采用认知能力评估测验，测验了88名飞行学员及100名陆军学院学员（对照组），旨在探讨飞行学员空间认知特征及其与飞行能力之间的关系。结果表明：①飞行学员组的四项机空间认知测验（三维定向、图画完形、积木连接和定位测验）得分显著高于对照组（P＜0．01）；而两组四项语言序贯性测验的系列声音、系列数字二项测验成绩，飞行学员组均高于对照组（P＜0．01）；组字和组词二项测验成绩两组间则无显著性差异（P＞0.05）；②中上、中及中下等飞行技术水平的三组飞行学员空间认知测验成绩依次下降（图画完报一项P＜0．01，余三项P＞0．05）。     

招飞学员畸变产物耳声发射与纯音听力的关系

目的 研究招飞学员畸变产物耳声发射(DPC)AE)与纯音听力的关系，探讨DPOAE在招飞体检中的应用。方法 200名招飞学员进行纯音听力及DPOAE的测试，分析相同频率下纯音听阈与DPOAE的关系。数据用Microsoft Excel和SPSS软件分析。结果 招飞学员中纯音听阈值较低的频率，DPOAE值也较高。在中、高频率，纯音听阈与DPOAE幅度成负相关，纯音听力好的频率，DPOAE幅度较高。在听力正常耳听力越好，DPOAE幅度越高。在听力下降耳，纯音听阈越高，DPOAE幅度越低。这种相关性在高频更明显。结论 DPOAE检测方法比电测听方法更简便、客观，结果更准确。可防止误淘、误选，适用于招飞体检。     

大强度运动训练对雌性大鼠性激素和骨密度的影响

目的 :研究递增运动负荷下 ,性激素和骨密度的动态变化 ,探讨运动性月经失调和性激素改变对骨骼的影响 ,为防治骨质疏松、指导科学训练提供实验依据。方法 :将成熟、健康的雌性大鼠 35只随机分为 5组 :对照组 (C) 7只 ;7周递增负荷训练组 (Ta) 14只 (其中 7只为恢复组Tar) ;5周递增负荷训练组 (Tb) 7只 ;3周递增负荷训练组 (Tc) 7只。按同一递增负荷训练方案分别对大鼠进行跑台训练。动态观测阴道脱落细胞。训练结束后用放免法测定各组大鼠的性激素水平 ,用双能X线骨密度吸收仪测骨密度。结果 :(1)随运动负荷递增 ,Ta组大鼠阴道底层细胞的数量逐周增加 ,第 7周最高。 (2 )Ta组血E2 、P、T的水平最低 ,Tb组次之 ,Tc组血T、P水平最高。 (3)骨密度的改变和性激素相似 ,Ta组骨密度最低 ,与C组相比有显著差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;Tb组次之 ;Tc组最高 ,但与C组相比无显著性差异。 (4 )性激素和全身骨密度在恢复后显著回升 ,腰椎和股骨骨密度回升不显著。结论 :(1)研究表明 ,中长期的大强度运动可导致大鼠骨量减少 ;运动引起雌性大鼠骨密度的改变与运动引起性激素的变化分不开 ;除雌激素外 ,孕激素和睾酮的变化对骨密度的影响不可忽视。 (2 )研究提示 ,对于从事大强度运动训练者 ,即使月经规则 ,也可能存在骨骼健康     

飞行人员视力变化规律

目的 总结飞行基础学员、飞行学员和飞行员视力情况及其变化规律,为修改招飞体检视力标准提供依据. 方法 跟踪调查273名飞行基础学员在校期间的视力变化情况及其与屈光的关系、128名飞行学员在校期间视力变化情况以及236名飞行员连续3年视力变化情况. 结果 ①273名(546眼)飞行基础学员,招飞体检视力、入校复查视力均在标准范围内,毕业时视力有264名(528眼)视力在标准范围内,9人(12眼)视力低于正常范围.飞行基础学员毕业时视力和入校复查视力较招飞体检视力明显上升(P<0.01);毕业时视力与入校复查视力差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).毕业时,远视眼视力提高者明显多于近视眼(P<0.01).②飞行学员飞高教机前和毕业时视力较入校飞初教机前视力明显上升;飞高教机前和毕业时视力差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).③飞行员3年视力无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论 ①飞行学员自招飞到毕业视力有逐渐增高的趋势,招飞体检时可以在严格控制屈光标准的前提下保留部分边缘视力者,以增加生源,但尚不能仅凭此作为修改招飞体检视力标准的依据.②建议分机种、飞行职务进行招飞并定向培养,对视力要求较低的机种以及非驾驶人员可适当放宽招飞视力标准.     

Hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis function in endurance-trained males

The hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (H-P-T) axis was evaluated in groups of endurance-trained (TRG) and untrained (UNT) males. Each group was subjected to: 1) a 4-h resting hormonal profile [testosterone (T), free-testosterone (FT), estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), and cortisol (C)], 2) a dopamine antagonist (DA; 10 micrograms.kg-1 body weight) challenge to the pituitary-testes, and 3) a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 120 micrograms.kg-1 body weight) challenge to the pituitary-testes. Compared to UNT, the TRG resting T (4.8 +/- 0.7 vs 7.1 +/- 1.2 ng.ml-1, p = 0.05) and PRL (3.3 +/- 1.4 vs 7.0 +/- 2.3 ng.ml-1, p = 0.09) were lower while LH was elevated (15.0 +/- 1.8 vs 11.8 +/- 1.5 mIU.ml-1, p = 0.06). The DA challenge produced a greater integrated PRL response in the TRG (2962.7 +/- 265.1 ng +/- ml-1.min) than in the UNT (1735.3 +/- 282.0 ng.ml-1.min; p = 0.01). No significant changes were observed in T following the DA-induced PRL rise. The TRG had a blunted LH response (817.2 +/- 111.6 mIU.ml-1.min) following the GnRH injection as compared to the UNT (1493.7 +/- 213.4 mIU.ml-1.min; P less than 0.02). T levels were significantly (p less than 0.03) increased in both groups by the LH rise after the GnRH challenge (TRG = 9.9 +/- 5.0%; UNT = 8.6 +/- 9.9%, respectively), but no significant between group differences were observed. Results suggest endurance training produces an enhanced PRL and attenuated LH release by the pituitary.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

健康老年男性脂肪负荷餐后雄激素水平的改变

 目的探讨健康老年男性富含三酰甘油脂蛋白(TRL)清除延迟与性激素水平改变的关系.方法与脂肪耐量试验同时采集空腹、脂肪负荷餐后(餐后)3 h、8 h静脉血.测定血浆三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)、总胆固醇(CHO)和血浆睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)、垂体泌乳素(PRL)、促黄体生成激素(LH)、促卵泡激素(FSH)动态变化水平.结果健康老年男性TRL清除延迟发生率7.8%.TRL清除延迟组较清除正常组基础T水平低、E2水平相对高(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).餐后高TG应答和(或)TRL清除延迟导致血浆T水平降低、E2水平升高(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),T/E2比值失衡.血浆PRL、LH、FSH改变差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 TRL清除延迟是致动脉粥样硬化的危险因素,也是导致健康老年男性T/E2比值失衡的直接原因,可能与动脉粥样硬化发生发展有关.     

Abnormal eating behaviors in female reserve officer training corps cadets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of abnormal eating behaviors in Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) female cadets. A total of 310 female ROTC cadets participated in a prospective, cross-sectional study during summer training at Fort Lewis, Washington. All subjects completed the Eating Disorder Inventory and a supplemental questionnaire. Because of time constraints, clinical interviews were not administered. Of the 310 ROTC cadets, 20% met the screening criteria for being at risk for an eating disorder. The cadets at risk for eating disorders had significantly higher Drive for Thinness, Bulimia, and Body Dissatisfaction subscale scores and were more dissatisfied with their weight than cadets not at risk. There was no significant difference in reported ideal body weight and exercise intensity between the two groups. In the female ROTC cadet population evaluated, 20% practiced abnormal eating behaviors and were at risk for developing an eating disorder.     

Flight influence on the plasma level of sex hormones of women pilots

The plasma concentrations of six sex hormones were measured before and after flight by radioimmunoassay in 38 female pilots. The results showed 1) the plasma activity of estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone revealed no significant change after flight (p greater than 0.05), while the plasma activity of prolactin, cortisol, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone increased obviously; 2) compared with the ground crew's, the pilots' plasma estradiol, progesterone, and cortisol had no distinct change (p greater than 0.05); however, their testosterone, prolactin, and follicle stimulating hormone plasma levels were prominently varied (p less than 0.05). 3) there was no statistical difference between the plasma levels of sex hormones in pilots who had more than 2,000 hours of flight experience and in those with less than 500 hours of flight experience (p greater than 0.05). 4) the testosterone: estradiol ratio of pilots without immediate flight stress was much higher than that of the ground crew.     

Hormonal changes after parabolic flight: implications on the development of motion sickness

Twenty-two different humoral parameters including stress-, gastrointestinal- and volume-regulating hormones were measured before and within 45 min after parabolic flight maneuvers of twenty healthy adult subjects. We compared hormonal data of motion sickness-affected participants with those unaffected. Changes in cortisol and vasoactive intestinal peptide plasma levels were significantly different (p less than 0.002 and p less than 0.004) between the two groups with increasing plasma levels of both hormones during motion sickness but decreasing levels within the control group. Growth hormone and prolactin plasma levels increased by 400% and 115% within the motion sickness-affected group and to a smaller degree (120% and 40% increases, respectively) within the control group, while ACTH levels were almost unchanged within both groups. Pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin plasma levels as well as plasma levels of insulin and C-peptide were significantly decreased within both groups after the parabolic flight. Plasma renin, aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide and cyclic GMP levels were unchanged within the control group. Within the motion sickness-affected group, plasma renin and aldosterone levels were decreased and atrial natriuretic peptide levels increased after the flight. Humoral parameters of the thyroid gland were neither changed within the groups nor different between the groups. The present data confirm previous results that increases in plasma levels of certain stress hormones participate in motion sickness. Furthermore, increases in vasoactive intestinal peptide levels participate in motion sickness. These increases could explain some of the gastrointestinal symptoms in motion sickness and might serve as markers for a discrimination between regular stress and motion sickness.