反义寡核苷酸防治移植物动脉硬化的作用

目的　探讨防治移植物动脉硬化的途径。方法　通过大鼠胸腹主动脉移植简化模型 ,用各种增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)寡核苷酸在脂质体介导下转染大鼠胸主动脉后 ,移植到大鼠腹主动脉 ,于术后 15、3 0和 60d取移植动脉作病理学检查及PCNA逆转录PCR检测。结果　病理学结果示 ,在 3个时相点 ,反义寡核苷酸组移植动脉再狭窄率 (8.3 %、12 .4%、19.5 % )均显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。逆转录PCR结果显示 ,在 3个时相点 ,反义寡核苷酸组PCNAmRNA的表达(5 9.2 4、80 .16、18.5 8)均明显低于对照组 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　PCNA反义寡核苷酸可明显抑制移植动脉PCNA蛋白的表达 ,抑制动脉内膜增生 ,防治移植物动脉硬化。     

Inhibition of accelerated cardiac allograft arteriosclerosis by fish oil

Accelerated coronary arteriosclerosis remains the most important factor limiting long-term survival of heart transplant recipients, and dietary fish oil supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids has been suggested to have a protective effect against coronary disease in epidemiologic studies and to inhibit arteriosclerosis in animal experiments. Therefore we tested the hypothesis that fish oil administration inhibits the development of allograft coronary arteriosclerosis by using a heterotopic heart transplant model. Three groups of Lewis rats (n = 10 each) received heterotopic heart transplants from Brown-Norway donors and were treated with cyclosporine intraperitoneally on a tapering schedule. Group 1 received fish oil daily by gavage (2 ml/kg/day; Emulsified Super MaxEpa, Twin Labs, Ronkonkona, N.Y.). Group 2 received an equal amount of safflower oil, as well as aspirin (1 mg/kg/day) and dipyridamole (3 mg/kg/day). Group 3 received safflower oil only. All rats were put to death 110 days later, at which time there was no statistically significant difference in graft function as assessed by palpation (scale 0 to 4, mean = 3.7 +/- 0.5 [+/- standard deviation]; analysis of variance: p = 0.72) or in microscopic grade of rejection (scale, 0 = none to 3 = severe, mean 2.1 +/- 0.6; analysis of variance: p = 0.68) between any of the groups. The coronary arteries were histologically scored for the degree of arteriosclerosis (scale, 0 = normal to 3 = occluded), and a mean grade of coronary disease was calculated for each heart. The fish oil-treated group had significantly less severe allograft coronary arteriosclerosis (analysis of variance: p = 0.005) than did groups 2 and 3 (mean grade 0.23 +/- 0.22 versus 1.04 +/- 0.75 and 0.96 +/- 0.55 (p less than 0.05, Scheffe F test), whereas groups 2 and 3 had similar degrees of coronary disease (p = no significant difference). These data demonstrate that fish oil supplementation inhibited accelerated coronary arteriosclerosis in this cyclosporine-treated heart allograft rat model, whereas antiplatelet agents in these doses were ineffective. Although the mechanism of this protective effect remains incompletely understood, it does not appear to involve enhanced immunosuppression. Fish oil and specific omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids should be further investigated as potentially useful agents to ameliorate accelerated allograft coronary arteriosclerosis in other animal species and perhaps eventually in man.     

p53重组腺病毒联合增殖细胞核抗原反义寡核苷酸治疗膀胱癌的研究

目的：探讨重组腺病毒p53(Ad-p53)与增殖细胞核抗原反义寡核苷酸（PCNA-ASO）联合应用对膀胱癌的抑瘤效应。方法：用腺病毒将p53{感染强度（MOI）100}导入细胞，PCNA-ASO(1.6μmol/L)在脂质体（Lipofectin）介导下转染细胞，通过噻唑蓝比色法（MTT）、流式细胞术、克隆形成、建立移植瘤模型，探讨其体内外抗瘤活性。结果：Ad-p53与PCNA-ASO联合应用明显抑膀胱癌胞EJ(89.3%)和BIU-87(78.6%)生长，细胞克隆形成能力分别下降74.8％和67.5％，S期比率（EJ细胞11.4％，BIU-87细胞14.6％）明显降低，细胞生长受阻于G1期(EJ细胞62.2％，BIU-87细胞56.8％)；联合应用7d后，肿瘤体积较初始分别下降47.6％和36.4％。结论：Ad-p53联合PCNA-ASO可抑制膀胱癌细胞体内外生长，产生协同效应。     

Immunocytochemical investigations of cardiac and vessel allograft arteriosclerosis using smooth muscle cell and macrophage-specific monoclonal antibodies

Accelerated coronary arteriosclerosis is one of the major complications affecting long-term survival in cardiac transplantation. In this study, we sought to clarify the cellular components in cardiac and vessel allograft arteriosclerotic lesions using monoclonal antibodies specific to either the muscle actin (HHF 35) or the macrophage (RAM 11). Four kinds of allogeneic transplantations were performed in the rabbits: 1) cardiac heterotopic transplantations, low cholesterol-fed (n = 6), 2) cardiac heterotopic transplantations, 1% cholesterol-fed (n = 6), 3) vessel transplantations, low cholesterol-fed (n = 6), 4) vessel transplantations, 1% cholesterol-fed (n = 6). All recipients were immunosuppressed with cyclosporine. The donor hearts and the arterial grafts were excised 5 weeks after transplantation and submitted to immunocytochemical analysis. The intimal lesions in both groups 1 and 3 were composed of infiltrating mononuclear cells and HHF 35 positive smooth muscle cells. The more thickened intima in both groups 2 and 4 were occupied with smooth muscle cells and foam cells, which were derived from macrophages. These data suggest that the proliferation of smooth muscle cells might be a major factor contributing to graft arteriosclerosis, and that long term exposure to hypercholesterolemia could induce the accumulation of smooth muscle cells or macrophage derived foam cells.     

反义增殖细胞核抗原cDNA对人膀胱癌裸鼠异体移植瘤生长的抑制作用

目的　探讨增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)反义cDNA对人膀胱癌裸鼠移植瘤模型生长的影响。　方法　脂质体介导反义PCNA真核表达载体转染人膀胱癌EJ细胞后 ,接种到裸鼠皮下组织 ,观察体内致瘤及生长情况 ;免疫组化检测瘤体PCNA蛋白表达 ,RT PCR分析瘤体PCNA、wt p5 3、c myc基因mRNA水平 ;并进行瘤体病理学评估。 　结果　反义PCNAcDNA导入后 ,EJ细胞体内致瘤活性降低 ,同对照组比较瘤体体积缩小 5 4 .2 3% (P <0 .0 5 ) ,重量减轻 4 2 .5 4 % (P <0 .0 1) ,瘤组织PCNA蛋白及mRNA水平分别减少 6 1.6 2 % (P <0 .0 1)和 72 .13% (P <0 .0 1) ,c myc基因表达下调4 7.34% (P <0 .0 1) ,wt p5 3表达活性无显著性改变 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,瘤体病理学特征改善。 　结论　转导反义PCNAcDNA能有效逆转肿瘤的恶性表型 ,是膀胱癌基因治疗的合理策略之一     

Prevention of cardiac allograft rejection by FK506 and rapamycin: assessment by histology and nuclear magnetic resonance

We assessed the effect of FK506 and rapamycin (RPM) in a heterotopic abdominal rat heart transplant model using a major histocompatibility mismatch (DA to LEW). The end-point of our study was the histologic grading of rejection (Stanford) and ³¹P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 1 week after transplantation. Two dosages of FK506 (2.0 and 8.0 mg/kg per os daily) and RPM (1.5 and 6.0 mg/kg intraperitoneally daily) were compared in allografts without and with cyclosporine (12.5 mg/kg per os daily) treatment. The results show: Weak heartbeat and full rejection at day 5 in all untreated allografts; severe rejection in groups on a low dose of FK506 and RPM; mild rejection in both high dose groups comparable to the results of the hearts treated with cyclosporine; MRS does not allow differentiation between no or mild forms of rejection. Energy-rich phosphates are near normal in the high dosage immunosuppression groups but show a significant reduction in the low dosage groups. We conclude that all three tested drugs can reduce the degree of rejection from severe (untreated allografts) to mild if given in an adequate dosage. MRS correlates well with the degree of histologic rejection but permits only the diagnosis of moderate or severe rejection.     

PCNA反义寡核苷酸对人不同恶性肿瘤细胞体外增殖活性的影响

目的：探讨增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)反义寡核苷酸(ASO)对人不同恶性肿瘤细胞体外生长的影响。方法：PCNA—ASO在脂质体(1ipofectin)介导下转染膀胱癌EJ细胞、结肠癌HCT—8细胞、肺癌GLC—82细胞及恶性胶质瘤BT—325细胞，运用细胞计数、MTT、流式细胞术、克隆形成及免疫组织化学方法分析其抗瘤活性及机制。结果：PCNA—ASO对上述4种肿瘤细胞的体外生长均有明显抑制作用；不同细胞敏感性差异较大，其中以GLC—82细胞最敏感，HCT—8细胞最不敏感；4种细胞生长均受阻于Gl期。结论：PCNA在恶性肿瘤细胞的增殖中是必需的。PCNA—ASO体外对不同肿瘤细胞具有抗瘤活性。     

Evidence of allograft related transplantation antigen binding cells for detection of cardiac allograft rejection—Preliminary report

Zusammenfassung In 8 heart transplant recipients in follow-up checks we have evaluated the binding of transplantation antigen loaded methacrylate-carrier to peripheral mononuclear cells (rosette technique). All patients were treated with a triple-drug regimen for immunosuppression, consisting of steroids, azathioprine and cyclosporine A. The increase of the number of these antigen binding cells over a limit value of 30 RFC/10³ MNC is a reliable sign of a beginning immune reaction against the graft. The evidence is given by comparing the results with these of situation in endomyocardial biopsies (EMB). The test is predictive 3 to 6 days before infiltrating cells are visible in biopsies and donor independent (use of antigen mixture from cadaver spleens). Zusammenfassung In Verlaufsuntersuchungen an 8 herztransplantierten Patienten wurde die Bindung mononukle?rer Zellen an transplantationsantigenbeladene Methakrylattr?ger (Rosettentechnik) untersucht. Alle Patienten erhielten eine standardisierte Basisimmunsuppression (Triple-Drug), bestehend aus Steroiden, Azathioprin und Cyclosporin A. Ein Anstieg antigenbindender Zellen über einen Grenzwert von 30 RFC/10³ MNC signalisiert eine beginnende Anti-Transplantatimmunreaktion. Der klinische Nachweis erfolgte stets mittels Endokardbiopsie. Der Test ist pr?diktiv (3 bis 6 Tage vor einer positiven Biopsie) und spenderunabh?ngig (Benutzung eines Antigengemisches aus humanen Milzen).

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Effect of ganciclovir prophylaxis on cytomegalovirus-enhanced allograft arteriosclerosis

Abstract Clinical and experimental studies have established the accelerating role of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on cardiac allograft arteriosclerosis, i.e. chronic rejection. In this study, we investigated the effect of ganciclovir prophylaxis on the development of CMV-enhanced allograft arteriosclerosis. Rat aortic allografts were done from DA donors to WF recipients and either infected with 10⁵ plaque-forming units of rat CMV (RCMV) 1 day after transplantation or left uninfected. RCMV-infected allografts received ganciclovir at an initial dose of 20 mg/kg and a maintenance dose of 10 mg/kg twice a day for 14 days. Grafts were removed at 7, 14 days, and 1 and 3 months after transplantation and processed for morphometry and autoradiography. The results of this study demonstrated that ganciclovir prophylaxis significantly delays and reduces RCMV-enhanced allograft arteriosclerosis in the rat.     

Pretransplant portal venous administration of donor antigen and portal venous allograft drainage synergistically prolong rat cardiac allograft survival

The effect of antigen given through the portal vein (PV) before transplantation or continuous drainage of a graft into the PV results in moderate prolongation of allograft survival. This study examines these treatment modalities further. Pretransplant donor antigen as 25 x 10(6) ultraviolet B-irradiated (12,000 joules/m2) donor spleen cells was given 7 days before heart transplantation through either the PV or systemic venous (IV) routes. On day 0, Lewis-to-Buffalo rat cardiac allografts were drained either into the PV or IV. Pretransplant PV donor antigen administration (p less than 0.005), but not by IV administration, significantly prolonged cardiac allograft survival across the strong RT 1 rat histoincompatibility barrier. Similarly PV, but not IV, drainage of the graft prolonged graft survival (p less than 0.005). Pretransplant IV antigen administration had no additive effect on PV drainage graft survival. In contrast, when pretransplant PV donor antigen was combined with PV drainage, 11 of 14 allografts (p less than 0.001) continued to function, free of rejection, after 150 days. Therefore for rat cardiac transplants a clearly synergistic graft-prolonging effect results when pretransplant PV donor antigen is combined with PV drainage of the allograts. These data clarify the potent tolerogenic effects of alloantigen not only administered into the PV but also continuously shed intraportally so that it is first processed by the liver.