肺上皮样血管内皮细胞瘤临床病理诊断与鉴别诊断

目的：分析肺上皮样血管内皮细胞瘤（ PEH）临床病理特点,加强对该疾病的认识,提高诊断水平。方法结合本科诊断的1例PEH患者的临床病理资料和文献复习,分析该病的临床病理特点和鉴别诊断。结果 PEH影像学表现为双肺多发性结节。组织学表现为上皮样细胞构成的结节中心硬化或呈淀粉样变,结节周边富细胞,瘤细胞轻到中度异型,胞质内见原始血管腔。瘤细胞呈巢状伸入周围的肺泡腔生长。免疫组化提示瘤细胞主要表达CD31、CD34、、Ⅷ因子、Vimentin、CK等标记物。鉴别诊断主要包括硬化性血管瘤、上皮样血管瘤、上皮样血管肉瘤、上皮样肉瘤等。结论正确的诊断与鉴别诊断PEH需要结合影像学检查、组织学观察和免疫组织化学分析等方法。     

14例肺硬化性血管瘤临床病理特点及误诊分析

目的 回顾性分析14例肺硬化性血管瘤(PSH)的临床特点与病理学特征.方法 收集14例PSH患者的临床、影像学及病理资料,在光镜下分析其组织学结构,并进行免疫组织化学检测.结果 PSH由乳头状结构、实性结构、硬化性结构和血管瘤样结构组成,主要的两种细胞为立方状表面细胞和圆形间质细胞.立方状表面细胞表达CKpan、TTF-1、EMA,圆形间质细胞表达EMA、TF-1、vimentin;两种细胞均无间皮及血管内皮标记的表达,个别病例两种细胞不同程度散在表达Syn、CgA、CD56、ER、PR.结论 PSH是一种肺内少见的良性肿瘤,多发生于中年女性,组织学形态呈多样性,主要以混合型结构为主,需与肺乳头状肿瘤、腺癌、类癌及透明细胞肿瘤等鉴别,免疫组织化学染色在诊断与鉴别诊断中有重要作用.     

肺硬化性血管瘤12例临床及病理分析

目的:探讨肺硬化性血管瘤(PSH)的临床特点与病理表现,提高对PSH的认识.方法:回顾性分析12例肺硬化性血管瘤患者的临床资料,结合文献复习,分析该病的临床表现、影像学特点、组织病理学、诊断和鉴别诊断、治疗和预后等.结果:该病无典型临床症状;影像学检查主要表现为单发性、周围性结节影;病理表现有乳头型、实体型、硬化型和血管瘤样型4种类型,镜下主要有立方状细胞和多角形细胞2种细胞成分;免疫组化Elivision法标记立方状细胞表达LCK、CEA和EMA,多角形细胞表达Vim和CgA,其中部分尚表达NSE和EMA;PSH术前诊断困难,外科手术治疗效果好,预后良好.结论:肺硬化性血管瘤临床少见,容易误诊,对于肺组织中孤立性病灶,应考虑到探讨肺硬化性血管瘤的诊断,积极手术病灶切除并行病理检查.     

7例脾硬化性血管瘤样结节性转化的临床病理观察

目的 探讨脾硬化性血管瘤样结节性转化(SANT)的临床病理特征及相关鉴别诊断.方法 收集7例SANT病例的临床资料和病理切片,选取典型蜡块进行相关标记物的免疫组织化学染色,检测主要指标包括SMA、CD34、CD31、CD4、CD8、CD68、IgG4、IgG等.结果 7例中3例为女性,4例为男性;年龄从28岁到43岁不等,平均年龄37岁;7例中4例为直接诊断为SANT,3例原诊断分别为脾脏错构瘤、脾炎性假瘤和结节性血管瘤,复查后更正为SANT;肿瘤大小从直径4.0 cm到10.5 cm不等,平均直径为6.3 cm;组织学病变呈多结节状,结节周围广泛纤维化和玻璃样变;结节内呈血管瘤样病变,可表现为毛细血管瘤样构象或窦岸血管瘤样构象.免疫组织化学示结节内血管CD31恒定阳性,但CD34和CD8表达有所差异.结论 SANT是一种罕见的脾脏原发的良性瘤样病变,具有特征性的组织学和免疫组织化学表现,应和脾脏原发的其他良恶性肿瘤进行鉴别.     

6例肺所谓硬化性血管瘤的临床病理分析

目的：探讨肺所谓硬化性血管瘤的临床病理特点。方法：对6例肺所谓硬化性血管瘤进行回顾性分析及免疫组化研究。结果：所谓硬化性血管瘤由实性细胞区、乳头状增生区、血管瘤样区及硬化区组成。免疫组化：实性细胞区细胞表达NSE、VIM；乳头状增生区被覆上皮表达EMA、CK。结论：肺所谓硬化性血管瘤是神经内分泌细胞源性的肿瘤。     

肺硬化性血管瘤的组织起源及临床病理特点

目的:探讨肺硬化性血管瘤的临床病理特点、诊断及组织起源。方法:回顾性分析21例肺硬化性血管瘤的临床病理学特点,应用免疫组化检测CKpan、EMA、TTF-1、Napsin-A、Vimentin、ER、PR、CD34、Calretinin、Syn、CgA、CD56及Ki-67在硬化性血管瘤中的表达。结果:21例中女性16例,男性5例;肿瘤主要由实性区、乳头状区、血管瘤样区和硬化区四种结构组成,衬覆的立方上皮和多角形细胞均为瘤细胞,其中2例圆形细胞中见少量脂肪细胞。ER、PR、TTF-1和EMA在两种细胞均表达,Napsin-A和CKpan表达于立方细胞,Vimentin表达于多角形细胞,Syn、CgA、CD56及Ki-67在多角形细胞中部分表达,CD34和Calretinin在两种细胞均不表达。结论:PSH可能起源于原始呼吸道上皮,形态学结合EMA、CKpan、TTF-1、Napsin-A、Vimentin、ER、PR等免疫组化标记可以有效诊断和鉴别诊断PSH,ER、PR的高表达,与女性发病率高密切相关,激素治疗PSH的可能性值得进一步的研究。     

肺硬化性血管瘤临床病理探讨

目的 探讨肺硬化性血管瘤（SHL）临床病理特征及鉴别诊断，提高对该病的认识。方法 对7例SHL患者的标本用HE染色及免疫组化S—P法进行组织学观察及免疫组化检测。结果 SHL由实性片块区、乳头区、血管瘤样区及硬化区构成，前二者表面被覆立方上皮，间质为浅染的圆形或多边形细胞。免疫组化：上皮AEt／AEhEMA、CEA均为（＋），浅染的多边形或圆形细胞VIM弥漫性（＋），SYN、NSE、AEt／AE3散在（4-）。结论 SHL在术前诊断困难，误诊率高，确诊主要依靠术后病理诊断。     

肺硬化性血管瘤临床病理及免疫表型特征分析

目的探讨肺硬化性血管瘤（pulmonaryselerosinghemangioma,PSH）临床病理及免疫表型特点。方法对48例肺硬化性血管瘤患者进行HE染色及免疫组化染色,光镜观察。结果PSH由乳头状结构、实性结构、海绵状血管瘤样结构和硬化区4种结构组成。瘤细胞有2种,一种是被覆乳头表面、实性区裂隙和血管瘤样腔面的立方状细胞,一种是实性区及乳头轴心大小形态一致的网形或多角形细胞。免疫组化染色显示,立方状细胞表达广谱CK、CK7、EMA和TTF1,圆形或多角形细胞表达EMA、TFF1、ER、PR、vimentin、Ki-67,部分病例两种细胞不同程度散在表达CgA、Syn。结论PSH是一种肺内少见的肿瘤,多见于中青年女性,易误诊为肺癌。典型的组织形态学特征结合免疫组化染色,特别是Ki-67特征性的在胞膜表达,是诊断和鉴别诊断PSH的主要方法。     

肺硬化性血管瘤CT影像与病理对照研究

目的分析肺硬化性血管瘤(PSH)的CT表现和病理组织学特点,以提高对该病诊断准确率。资料与方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实9例PSH的CT影像和其病理组织结构特点。结果 PSH多见于中老年女性,肿瘤直径2-5.5cm,呈圆形卵圆形(6例)或浅分叶(3例),边缘清楚,平扫呈较均匀软组织密度,边缘散在点状钙化(4例),增强呈均匀或不均匀明显强化,贴边血管征(5例)、晕征(2例)、局限性肺气肿带包绕征或空气半月征(3例)具有一定特征。肿瘤内结构具有血管瘤样区、乳头样区、实性区、硬化区四种成份。结论掌握PSH的CT影像特点,在肺孤立结节病灶的临床诊断与鉴别诊断应用中具有较大的价值。     

肺硬化性血管瘤（附1例并文献复习）

目的提高对肺硬化性血管瘤的认识。方法结合1例肺硬化性血管瘤患者的临床资料和文献复习,详细分析该病的病因、临床表现、影像学特点、组织病理学、诊断和鉴别诊断、治疗和预后等。结果该病的病因不清,临床症状较少且轻微,影像学检查主要表现为单发性、周围性结节影;病理表现有4种类型：乳头型、实体型、硬化型和血管瘤样型,镜下主要有2种细胞成分：立方状细胞和多角形细胞：免疫组化标记立方状细胞表达SP-B、LCK、CEA和EMA,多角形细胞表达Vim和CgA。其中部分尚表达NSE和EMA。部分患者有侵袭性生长的倾向,外科手术治疗效果好,患者预后良好。结论肺硬化性血管瘤临床少见,容易发生误诊,应当引起重视。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.