人胃癌原代细胞培养化疗药物敏感性评价

目的:评价人胃癌原代细胞对7种化疗药物的敏感性。方法:取59例手术切除的新鲜胃癌组织标本,应用人胃癌原代细胞短期培养(混杂非肿瘤细胞)与纯化培养MTT法体外药敏试验,测定每种化疗药物对肿瘤细胞的抑制率。结果:药敏试验测定7种化疗药物抑制率除氨甲蝶呤(MTX)外纯化法均高于短期法,表明纯化法较敏感;两种方法测定药物敏感性顺序一致,由高至低依次为顺铂(DDP)、丝裂霉素(MMC)、阿霉素(ADM)、依托泊甙(VP-16)、5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)、羟基喜树碱(HCPT)、MTX。结论:7种化疗药物以DDP、MMC、ADM较敏感,VP-16、5-FU次之,HCPT、MTX最差。     

原发性肝癌的体外化疗药物敏感性试验

目的 探讨体外肿瘤药敏试验对原发性肝癌个体化化疗的应用价值.方法 采用组织块培养-终点染色-计算机图像分析法(TECIA)测定原发性肝癌患者对羟基喜树碱、5-氟脲嘧啶(5-Fu)、顺铂(DDP)、阿霉素(ADM)、丝裂霉素(MMC)、甲氨蝶呤(MTX)、长春新碱(VCR)7种化疗药物的体外敏感性试验.结果 47例原发性肝癌细胞对7种化疗药物的敏感性由高到低依次为羟基喜树碱、5-Fu、MMC、DDP、ADM、MTX、VCR.结论 TECIA法的体外肿瘤药敏试验在原发性肝癌的临床用药及个体化化疗方面具有重要的指导意义.     

MTT法检测乳腺癌细胞对化疗药物敏感性的研究

目的探讨乳腺癌细胞对临床常用15种化疗药物的敏感性,以期指导治疗.方法采用MTT法检测30例乳腺癌肿瘤细胞的体外药敏试验.结果乳腺癌细胞对CBP、BLM、5-Fu、DDP、MMC、HCPT、MTX、EPI、DTIC、ADM、THP敏感,对CBP、HCPT、DDP、BLM中度敏感.结论乳腺癌千篇一律的化疗有较大的盲目性,应提倡个体化化疗.     

MTT法检测乳腺癌细胞对化疗药物敏感性的研究

目的：探讨3-（4,5）-2-噻唑-（2,5）-二苯基溴化四氮唑蓝（MTT）药敏试验在指导临床乳腺癌化疗中的作用。方法：应用MTT法检测50例乳腺癌新鲜标本肿瘤细胞对10种化疗药物的敏感度。结果：对乳腺癌细胞抑制率强的药物为PTX、NVB、VP-16、5-FU、DDP,对乳腺癌细胞抑制率较弱的化疗药物为VCR、ADM、MTX、MMC、HCPT。结论：MTT体外药敏试验对指导临床乳腺癌个体化治疗具有重要意义。     

体外药敏实验指导下的乳腺癌术后辅助化疗

[目的]观察乳腺癌组织对常用的化疗药物的敏感程度,乳腺癌患者的临床及病理情况与肿瘤组织的体外药物敏感性是否相关,并根据药敏结果,制订出术后化疗方案,并与经验化疗方案作随机对照,观察能否提高生存率.[方法]1996年3月至2001年9月在中山大学肿瘤医院胸外科治疗的108例乳腺癌患者被随机分为体外药敏实验组52例和经验对照组56例.实验组病人的术后肿瘤标本行四唑蓝快速比色(MTT)法体外药敏实验,并在术后根据结果选择敏感药物组成方案进行化疗,对照组病人不行体外药敏实验,按经验选择化疗方案.体外药敏实验采用滤纸支持组织块培养、MTT染色图像分析作终点测定的方法,测定选择阿霉素(ADM),5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU),长春新碱(VCR),丝裂霉素C(MMC),长春碱酰胺(VDS),顺铂(DDP),鬼臼乙叉甙(VP-16),博莱霉素(BLM),噻替派(TSPA),甲氨喋呤(MTX)10种化疗药物对乳腺癌组织的抑制率,并对两组的患者进行生存分析.[结果]在MTT体外药敏实验中,ADM,MMC,VDS,DDP,TSPA,MTX对肿瘤组织的平均抑制率均＞30%,优于5-FU,VCR,VP-16和BLM.乳腺癌患者不同的月经状态、雌激素受体(ER)状态、孕激素受体(PR)状态、腋窝淋巴结状态、临床分期和病理类型与乳腺癌组织在体外对化疗药物的敏感性无明显关系.在生存分析中,实验组3年总生存率为83%,对照组为71%,两组比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).[结论]在MTT体外药敏实验中,ADM,MMC,VDS,DDP,TSPA,MTX为比较敏感的药物.乳腺癌患者不同的临床和病理情况与乳腺癌组织在体外对化疗药物的敏感性无明显关系.体外药敏实验组的3年总生存率与经验对照组相比未发现明显的优势,需要更长时间的随访观察及更深入的研究.     

肺癌原代细胞耐药基因的表达和化疗敏感性的研究

目的探讨ATRA与VD3逆转肺癌细胞多药耐药，提高肺癌细胞化疗敏感性的机制。方法应用原代细胞培养、MTT比色、RT—PCR等方法观察ATRA联合VD3对人肺癌原代细胞、肺腺癌A549细胞株化疗敏感性及MRP、LRP表达水平的影响。结果人肺癌原代细胞MRP、LRP高表达，其表达与肿瘤病理无明显相关，MRP表达阳性与ADM、VP-16、VCR的耐药相关，LRP表达阳性与DDP、CBP、ADM、VP-16、VCR的耐药相关。结论MRP、LRP在肺癌尤其非小细胞肺癌中高表达，可反应肿瘤细胞多药耐药性；ATRA或VD3可下调肺腺癌MRP、LRP基因的表达水平，从而提高肺腺癌的化疗敏感性。     

抗癌药物对体外胃癌细胞生长的抑制作用

目的；探讨8种抗癌药物对体外胃癌细胞的抑制作用。方法：选用不同剂量的抗癌药物与胃癌细胞株BGC－823孵育不同时间后，用MTT法测定其细胞增长抑制率。结果：8种抗癌药物对细胞抑制率顺序：顺铂（diamminedichloroplatinum,DDP)，足叶乙甙（etoposide,VP-16),5-氟脲嘧啶（5－fluorouracilum,5-Fu)，长春新碱（vincristin,VCR)，阿霉素（adriamycin,ADM)，丝裂霉素（mitomycin,MMC)，阿糖胞苷（arabinosylcytosine,Ara-c)；对氨甲喋methotrexate,MTX)不敏感。其抑制率有随药物浓度增加、作用时间延长而增高的趋势。结论：8种抗癌药物除MTX外，对BGC－823细胞均有明显的抑制作用，但存在一一差异；从本实验条件看出，以中等浓度、作用48h效果较为理想。     

抗癌药物对乳腺癌细胞Bcl-2、p53、Ki-67表达的影响及相互关系

目的研究抗癌药物对乳腺癌细胞Bcl-2、p53、Ki-67表达的影响及相互关系。方法取病理诊断为乳腺癌的手术切除标本,体外分离细胞作培养,应用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法分析多柔比星(ADM)、丝裂霉素(MMC)、5-氟脲嘧啶(5-FU)、顺铂(DDP)、长春新碱(VCR)5种化疗药物对乳腺癌细胞的相对抑制率,通过免疫细胞化学染色法和图像定量法分析乳腺癌细胞Bcl-2、p53、Ki-67的表达改变。结果乳腺癌细胞在0.1XPPC药物浓度体外处理24h后出现形态改变,化疗药物对乳腺癌细胞的相对抑制率依次为VCR＞5-FU＞ADM＞MMC＞DDP,各用药组乳腺癌细胞Bcl-2、p53、Ki-67表达均有不同程度改变,与未用药组比较P＜0.001,等级相关分析P＜0.01和P＜0．05。结论化疗药物主要通过诱导乳腺癌细胞凋亡、抑制细胞增殖等作用,而选择性地抑制和调控过度激活表达的癌基因。     

47例大肠癌的肿瘤药敏结果分析及临床意义

目的：通过测定47例大肠癌患者对5-氟脲嘧啶（5-Fu）、奥沙利铂（L—OHP）、卡铂（CBP）、顺铂（DDP）、丝裂霉素（MMC）5种化疗药物的体外敏感性试验,探讨肿瘤药敏试验对大肠癌患者个体化化疗的应用价值。方法：采用组织块培养-终点染色-计算机图像分析法（TECIA）。结果：对肿瘤组织的平均抑制率由高到低依次为5-Fu〉L—OHP〉MMC〉CBP〉DDP,联合用药的抑制率为L-OHP＋5-Fu〉MMC＋DDP＋5-Fu〉MMC＋5-Fu〉DDP＋5-Fu。结论：大肠癌是对化疗药物敏感性较差的肿瘤,且存在着明显的异质性。体外肿瘤药敏试验在指导大肠癌的临床用药及个体化化疗方面具有重要的指导意义。     

TECIA法应用于原发性肝癌的肿瘤药敏研究

目的 通过测定原发性肝癌患者对5-氟脲嘧啶（5-Fu）、顺铂（DDP）、卡铂（CBP）、阿霉素（ADM）、丝裂霉素（MMC）、表阿霉素（E—ADM）、羟基喜树碱7种化疗药物的体外敏感性试验，探讨肿瘤药敏试验对原发性肝癌个体化疗的应用价值。方法 采用组织块培养-终点染色-计算机图像分析法（TECIA）。结果 26例原发性肝癌细胞对7种化疗药物的敏感性由高到低依次为羟基喜树碱、5-Fu、DDP、E—ADM、CBP、MMC、ADM。结论 TECIA法的体外肿瘤药敏试验在原发性肝癌的临床用药及个体化化疗方面具有重要的指导意义。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.