加强军队药材供应站建设坚持军队药材"主渠道"供应

军队药材供应站是军队药材供应保障的主力军，其建设水平的高低直接影响着军事斗争卫勤准备的成败。坚持军队药材主渠道供应是军队后勤保障的需要，是保证军队药材供应质量的主要手段和弥补军队卫生事业费不足的有效途径。作者结合工作实践认为，通过强化服务保障及战备意识、坚持质优价廉、加强管理监控等措施．逐步完善主渠道供应职能，为军事斗争卫勤准备打好基础。     

医院战备信息化建设思考

军队医院必须随时做好准备,为武装力量的军事行动提供有力的卫勤保障。这是军、地医院的最大区别。随着我军现代化建设的飞速发展,军队医院满足现代战争卫勤保障的需要,必须把医院战备建设的重心定位于做好高技术条件下信息化战争卫勤保障准备上,必须把战备建设与信息化建设紧密结合起来。     

地震医疗救援中的药材保障

本文结合军队医院在抗震救灾中药材保障的做法,提出要加强药材战备储备管理,调整战备药材标准,制订多种保障方案,培养药师综合素质,增强军队医院灾害救援药事保障服务能力。     

加强战备药材管理提高卫勤保障能力

药材保障无论在战时还是平时都具有极其重要的作用,特别是突发事件频繁、战情突然的情况下,做好战备药材的管理尤为重要。传统的医院战备药材管理模式使物资长期闲置,卫生资源大量浪费,造成供应不足和保障不到位的问题十分突出,难以适应新时期卫勤保障的需要。本院近几年通过不间断地战备演练,摸索、总结出一套战备药材的管理方法。     

野战医疗所战备药材规范化管理

随着高技术的发展及其在军事领域的广泛应用，现代战争的形态已经发生了根本性的变革，卫勤保障呈现出新的特点和规律，对野战医疗所战备药材的管理提出了更高的要求。本文探讨了现代战争条件下野战医疗所战备药材规范化管理的方法，通过对野战医疗所的组织人员，战材储备，战材装箱、摆放，战材筹措、供应进行规范化管理，总结经验和做法，提高野战医疗所战时卫勤保障的能力。     

军队医院卫生战备信息系统先期研究

目的设计军队医院卫生战备信息系统。方法利用多种技术,实现系统的任务分析、分队管理、药材装备、文书管理、战备训练、平转战、信息查询、初始设置和系统维护等模块功能。结果实现了军队医院卫生战备工作管理、训练与考核的自动化,提高了军队医院卫生战备工作管理、训练的效率和水平。结论研制的系统适应目前军队医院卫生战备建设和训练需要。     

军队医院卫生战备建设的问题与思考

加强医院战备质量建设,提高战时卫勤保障能力,是军队医院的主要任务之一。本文就如何加强军队医院战备质量建设谈了几点看法：要实现军队医院战备建设的目标,必须深化战备教育．加强组织建设,建立一支适应未来高技术局部战争需要的卫勤保障队伍;加强装备建设,完善一套适应应急保障需要的野战卫生装备;强化卫生战备训练,探索一条卫生战备训练的新路子。     

军队医院卫生战备信息系统设计

目的：基于军事地理信息系统设计军队医院卫生战备信息系统。方法：采用数据库和软件工程技术,实现系统的初始化、任务分析、分队管理、药材装备、文书管理、战备训练、平转战、信息查询和系统维护等模块功能。结果：实现了军队医院卫生战备工作管理、训练和考核的信息化与自动化,提高了军队医院相关工作的效率和水平。结论：研制的系统适应目前军队医院卫生战备建设和训练需要。     

新时期军队医院卫生战备工作的思考

为探讨新时期做好军队医院卫生战备工作，本针对军队医院工作重点的转移，在分析军队医院卫生战备现状的同时，从坚持战备教育的经常性，注重保障方案的科学性，强调训练科目的针对性和提高保障措施的实效性等，阐述了平时抓好卫生战备工作的出发点和落脚点，为确保军队医院卫生战备工作紧张而有序，科学而规范地实施提供参考。     

军队中小医院药材管理分析

药材供应管理作为部队医疗和卫勤保障的一部分,在维护官兵健康、巩固和提高战斗力方面发挥了积极作用。随着我军大联勤体制改革的不断深入,军队中小医院承担的任务也发生了相应的变化,面对新情况、新问题,应认真研究,积极探索,探寻好的模式,完善军队中小医院药材管理,让部队的官兵切实感受到军队医院姓军为兵的服务综旨。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.