冠心病患者冠状动脉侧支循环形成的影响因素

为探讨冠状动脉侧支循环形成的影响因素 ,分析了 1 2 2例选择性冠状动脉造影 (冠状动脉造影 )证实有冠状动脉侧支循环形成的冠心病患者 (有侧支循环组 )及 1 31例至少有一支冠状动脉闭塞而无侧支循环形成的冠心病患者 (无侧支循环组 )的冠状动脉造影及临床资料。结果发现 :有侧支循环组 98.36 %的患者有一支冠状动脉完全闭塞或次全闭塞 ;与无侧支循环组相比 ,有侧支循环组患者中多支冠状动脉闭塞率及完全闭塞率明显增高 (分别为 30 .0 0 %比 1 1 .4 5 % ,P <0 .0 0 1 ;75 .77%比 6 0 .2 7% ,P <0 .0 5 )。Logistic多元逐步回归分析也证实 :闭塞血管数及闭塞程度与侧支循环形成间存在有意义的回归关系。此外 ,无侧支循环组患者血清总胆固醇水平及甘油三酯异常率较有侧支循环组明显增高 (5 .0 3± 1 .38mmol L比 4 .6 8± 1 .0 6mmol L ,P <0 .0 5 ;4 5 .80 %比 32 .78% ,P <0 .0 5 )。提示冠状动脉病变严重程度是冠状动脉侧支循环形成的决定性因素 ,高脂血症不利于冠状动脉侧支循环的形成     

冠状动脉侧支循环与冠心病危险因素的相关性

<正>冠状动脉侧支循环是慢性或反复心肌缺血一种代偿机制。当出现冠心病或动脉硬化性疾病时,危险因素的控制仍对疾病的进展及预后产生重要影响。这些危险因素可分为可改变及不可改变的因素,可改变因素包括:高血压、糖尿病(DM)、高血脂、吸烟、缺乏运动等,不可改变因素包括:年龄、性别及遗传等。大量的研究结果揭示了冠心病危险因素与冠状动脉侧支循环的形成存在密切的关系。1冠状动脉侧支循环简介1.1冠状动脉侧支循环及其临床意义生理状态下冠状动脉     

冠心病患者冠状动脉侧支循环形成的相关因素

目的:探讨冠状动脉侧支循环形成的意义及影响侧支循环形成的相关因素。方法:冠状动脉造影中发现有侧支循环形成者47例作为研究组,以病变程度相同但无侧支循环形成者58例作为对照组;同时超声心动图检查病变局部室壁运动情况。结果:侧支循环形成与糖尿病、吸烟呈负相关,与服用他汀类药物呈正相关,而与性别、年龄、胸痛时间、有无高血压病、有无高脂血症、家族史、冠状动脉病变支数、服用ACEI类、硝酸酯类药物无关。结论:侧支循环多出现在病变严重的冠心病患者,糖尿病、吸烟是侧支循环形成的不利因素,服用他汀类药物能促进侧支循环形成;糖尿病患者即使形成侧支循环,对心功能的保护作用也较差。     

冠心病预后与冠状动脉侧支循环的关系

目的：研究冠心病（CHD）预后与冠状动脉侧支循环的关系。方法：依据冠状动脉造影结果98例患者被分为CHD无侧支循环组（62例）、CHD有侧支循环组（20例）、正常对照组（16例）,分析各组患者的临床资料。结果：CHD组（无论有无侧支循环）与正常对照组相比,除糖尿病发病率较高外（P〈0.01）,其他CHD易患因素差异均无显著性（P〉0.05）;有侧支循环与无侧支循环CHD患者相比,主要CHD易患因素、不稳定型心绞痛的发生率差异均无显著性（P〉0.05）;但无侧支循环患者左室射血分数〈50%患者比率（29.0%比10.0%）,心肌梗死（61.3%比30.0%）、室壁瘤（22.6%比0）的发生率较有侧支循环患者显著增加（P〈0.01）。结论：侧支循环存在与否与冠心病患者预后有关。     

冠状动脉侧支循环与冠心病预后的关系

冠心病(CAD)患者的冠状动脉侧支循环存在与否，直接影响其预后，预防猝死，提高CAD患者生活质。我们对经冠状动脉造影(SCA)部分患者的临床资料进行了总结、分析，以探讨冠状动脉侧支循环建立的临床意义。     

91例冠心病患者的冠状动脉病变及侧支循环分布特点

目的：探讨冠心病患的冠状动脉病变及侧支循环分布的特点。方法：选择91例冠状动脉造影(CAG)阳性的病人，按CAG结果，分析阳性组总体及单支、双支、三支病变组的冠脉病变血管的分布、侧支循环形成的比例及二的关系。结果：(1)冠心病的冠脉病变以累及左前降支(LAD)最多，且常合并其他血管病变；其次为右冠(RCA)、左回旋支(LCX)，而对角支(Dig)及左主干(LM)累及最少；(2)侧支循环的建立与病变部位有关，其中RCA病变形成侧支循环比例最高，其次为LCX和LAD。此外，虽然随病变冠脉支数增加侧支循环建立的比例有递增趋势，但三组间比较无统计学意义。结论：(1)冠脉病变以左前降支最多见；(2)右冠病变最易形成侧支循环。     

冠状动脉侧支循环与冠心病预后的关系

目的 :研究冠状动脉侧支循环与冠心病 (CHD)预后的关系。方法 :依据选择性冠状动脉造影(SCA)结果将 98例SCA患者分为正常对照组 (非CHD组 )、CHD无侧支循环组、CHD有侧支循环组 ,分析各组患者的临床资料。结果 :CHD组与非CHD组相比 ,除糖尿病发病率 (无论有无侧支循环 )较高外 (P <0 .0 1) ,其他CHD易患因素差异均无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;有侧支循环患者与无侧支循环患者相比 ,主要CHD易患因素、不稳定型心绞痛 (UAP)的发生差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;但无侧支循环患者心功能不全、心肌梗死、室壁瘤的发生率显著增加 (P <0 .0 1) ;次全闭塞、完全闭塞主要见于有侧支循环者 ;有侧支循环患者以左前降支病变为主 ,无侧支循环患者以右冠状动脉病变为主。结论 :侧支循环存在与否与CHD患者预后密切相关     

冠状动脉侧支循环的研究进展

冠状动脉侧支循环可减轻冠心病患者心肌缺血损伤。现综述冠状动脉侧支循环的建立机制,影响因素及改善侧支循环建立的方法。     

冠状动脉高度狭窄的冠心病患者侧支循环形成的相关因素

目的观察相关因素对冠状动脉(冠脉)高度狭窄的冠心病患者侧支循环形成的影响。方法将111例经冠脉造影诊断1支或1支以上冠脉狭窄≥95%的冠心病患者(其中男性74例,女性37例,平均年龄63.8±9.9岁)按Werner等提出的侧支分级标准分为3组CC0组27例,CC1组45例,CC2组39例。于入院24h内采集晨起空腹(>6h)静脉血测血清脂蛋白,1周内完成超声心动图检查。结果(1)血清脂蛋白水平CC0和CC1组血清总胆固醇水平(4.81±0.88mmol/L和4.80±1.02mmol/L)均明显高于CC2组的4.23±0.71mmol/L(P<0.05;P<0.01);CC0组血清总胆固醇水平高于CC1组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CC0组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平(1.22±0.28mmol/L)明显低于CC1组的1.38±0.34mmol/L和CC2组的1.40±0.24mmol/L(P<0.05和P<0.05);CC1和CC2组间差异无统计学意义。(2)冠脉病变程度①CC1组右冠脉闭塞率(62.2%)显著高于CC0组的33.3%和CC2组的43.6%(P<0.01);CC0与CC2组间差异无统计学意义。②CC1和CC2组无闭塞率(2.2%和10.3%)明显小于CC0组的25.9%(P<0.01);CC1和CC2组间差异无统计学意义。③CC0组多支闭塞率(11.1%)明显低于CC1组的26.6%和CC2组的38.5%(P<0.01);CC1与CC2组间多支闭塞率差异无统计学意义。④病变支数和优势冠脉三组间分布差异无统计学意义。(3)左心室射血分数两两组间比较CC2组(60.31%±12.73%)显著高于CC1组的53.38%±12.95%(P<0.05)。(4)等级回归模型随左心室射血分数、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平和闭塞支数的增加,以及总胆固醇水平减低,患者具有良好侧支循环的可能性增加。结论侧支循环等级增高的几率随闭塞支数而增加,而血清总胆固醇水平高和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平低则不利于良好侧支循环的建立。在血管病变程度相当时,良好的侧支循环可以有效地保护左心室功能。     

老年冠心病患者冠状动脉侧支循环形成相关因素分析

对象：1993～2002年经冠状动脉(冠脉)造影确诊为冠心病(冠脉至少1支狭窄≥50％)的患者852例。其中冠脉侧支循环形成的老年患者60例(老年有侧支组)，年龄60～83岁，男47例，女13例；非老年患者62例(非老年有侧支组)，年龄38～59岁，男57例，女5例。同期冠脉造影证实有冠脉完全或次全闭塞病变而无侧支循环形成的患者     

Pravastatin promotes coronary collateral circulation in patients with coronary artery disease

BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggested that hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (statin) promotes collateral circulation in ischemic limbs of rabbits. The present study was designed to determine the association between treatment with pravastatin and the development of coronary collateral circulation as assessed by the Rentrop Score in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in a case-control study. DESIGN: The study included patients who had one (1-V), two (2-V) or three (3-V) significantly stenosed vessels. Patients who did and did not receive pravastatin were defined as case participants (n = 42) and control participants (n = 100), respectively. RESULTS: The case participants included a higher percentage of 3-V patients with a Rentrop Score 1 compared to the control participants but there was no difference among 1-V and 2-V patients, suggesting that pravastatin was associated with coronary collateral circulation independent of the number of stenosed vessels. Patients with 3-V disease who were treated with pravastatin were most likely [odds ratio (confidence interval), 17.4 (4.4-115)] to develop collateral circulation, as assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with pravastatin was associated with the development of collateral circulation in patients with CAD, suggesting that such action constitutes part of the pleiotropic effects of statin.     

Relationship between plasma apelin level and coronary collateral circulation

Objective

Coronary collaterals play a crucial role during an acute ischemic attack. Angiogenesis has an important role in the formation of coronary collateral vessels. Previously, it was shown that apelin is a potential angiogenetic factor. Thus, we aimed to investigate relationship between plasma apelin levels and coronary collateral circulation in patients with stable coronary artery disease.

Methods

Among patients who underwent coronary angiography with stable angina pectoris, patients with a stenosis of ≥90% were included in our study. Collateral degree was graded according to Rentrop–Cohen classification. Patients with grade 2 or 3 collateral degree were included in good collateral group and patients with grade 0 or 1 collateral degree were included in poor collateral group.

Results

Plasma apelin level was significantly higher in good collateral group (0.69 ± 0.2 vs 0.59 ± 0.2 ng/dl, p < 0.001). Serum nitric oxide levels were similar between two groups. In multivariate regression analysis apelin [6.95 (1.46–33.15), p = 0.015] and presence of total occlusion [4.40 (1.04–18.62), p = 0.044] remained as independent predictors for good coronary collateral development.

Conclusions

Higher plasma apelin level was related to better coronary collateral development. Demonstration of favorable affects of apelin on good collateral development may lead to consider apelin in antiischemic treatment strategies in order to increase collateral development.     

Relationship between aortic stiffness and the development of coronary collateral in patients with coronary artery disease

Large artery stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality and a major determinant of pulse pressure. The stiff aorta may result in greater systolic, lower diastolic, and wider pulse pressures, which may decrease coronary artery perfusion. Shear stress has been implicated in the development of coronary collateral. Decreased coronary perfusion may reduce shear stress and thus collateral formation. The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between the development of coronary collateral and aortic stiffness in patients with coronary artery disease. In 106 patients with at least one coronary artery stenosis of 90% or greater, collateral vessels were assessed angiographically by the Rentrop grading (grade 0-3), establishing two groups: 50 patients with poor collateral vessels (Rentrop grade 0 or 1), and 56 patients with good collateral vessels (Rentrop grade 2 or 3). Internal aortic root diameters were measured at 3 cm above the aortic valve by use of two-dimensional guided M-mode transthoracic echocardiography, and arterial pressure was measured simultaneously at the brachial artery by sphygmomanometry. Two indexes of the aortic elastic properties were measured: aortic distensibility index was calculated by use of the formula: 2 x (systolic diameter - diastolic diameter)/(diastolic diameter) x (pulse pressure) in cm(- 2)dyn(-1)10(-6). The aortic stiffness index was calculated by: (systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure)/pulsatile change in diameter/diastolic diameter. The aortic distensibility index and the aortic stiffness index were not significantly different between the patients with poor collateral vessels and those with good collateral vessels (5.1 +/-2.3 vs 5.7 +/-3.3 cm(-2)dyn( -1)10(-6), p = 0.31; 4.02 +/-2.3 vs 4.43 +/-3.7, p = 0.49, respectively). There were no significant differences regarding the aortic elastic properties between the patients with poor collateral vessels and those with good collateral vessels, suggesting that collateral formation is a complex phenomenon consisting of several distinct processes.     

冠状动脉侧支循环某些相关因素的临床研究

目的研究冠状动脉侧支循环在冠状动脉完全闭塞与次全闭塞血管病变中的形成情况,观察心肌梗死病史、心肌肥厚及糖尿病对侧支循环形成的影响以及侧支循环对心肌的保护作用。方法回顾分析了我院一年内409例经冠状动脉造影证实的冠状动脉完全或次全闭塞患者,先按有无心肌梗死病史将患者分为两组,对照分析侧支循环形成的良好率,及心功能相关因素方面的差异。再按有无心肌肥厚、有无糖尿病病史分别分为两组,观察其对侧支循环形成的影响。结果冠状动脉完全与次全闭塞对比侧支循环形成的良好率有显著差异。有心肌梗死与无心肌梗死病史两组侧支循环形成的良好率比较无显著差异。两组的左心室舒张末期内径、左心室射血分数、室壁运动异常发生率及室壁瘤形成均有显著差异。而有心肌梗死病史者侧支循环良好组与不良组比较左心室舒张末期内径、左心室射血分数无差异。有无心肌肥厚对侧支循环形成良好率无差异。有糖尿病史者侧支循环血流良好率明显高于无糖尿病史者,且有显著差异。结论冠状动脉侧支循环的开放依赖于冠状动脉血管的完全或次全闭塞。冠状动脉缓慢闭塞下形成的侧支循环对心肌、心功能有保护作用。糖尿病有利于侧支循环的发展。     

Hematological parameters and coronary collateral circulation in patients with stable coronary artery disease

BACKGROUND:

Although hematological parameters have been associated with prognosis in patients with various cardiovascular diseases, their relationship with coronary collateral (CC) circulation in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown.

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the relationship between hematological parameters and CC vessel development in patients with stable CAD.

METHODS:

A total of 96 patients who underwent coronary angiography were retrospectively enrolled. All study participants had at least one occluded major coronary artery. Development of CCs was classified using the method of Rentrop. Rentrop grades of 0 and 1 indicate poor CCs, whereas grades 2 and 3 indicate good CCs. Hematological parameters, including mean platelet volume (MPV) and neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratio, were measured. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent variables.

RESULTS:

The MPV and N/L ratio were significantly higher in the poor CC group compared with the good CC group. Negative correlations were found in the analyses comparing Rentrop score with MPV and N/L ratio (r=−0.274; P=0.012 and r=−0.339; P=0.001, respectively). In multivariate analysis, the N/L ratio was independently related to CC circulation (OR 0.762 [95% CI 0.587 to 0.988]; P=0.04).

CONCLUSION:

The results suggest that N/L ratio and MPV are associated with poor CCs, and a high N/L ratio is a significant predictor of poor CC development in patients with stable CAD.     

Significance of collateral circulation in patients with left main coronary artery disease

Fifty patients with left main coronary artery disease were studied to evaluate the functional role of collateral circulation. The left main was narrowed 50-70% in 22 patients (group I), and more than 70% in 28 patients (group II). Significant disease in the other vessels was equally common in each group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of inter- and intracoronary collaterals in the two groups. Fifteen patients with no collaterals were compared with 35 patients with collaterals, and to a subset of 11 patients with very rich right-to-left collaterals, and there was no significant difference in historic or ECG evidence of old infarction, duration of angina, incidence of unstable angina, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, cardiac index, ejection fraction, or segmental contraction abnormalities. We conclude that there is no evidence of protective effect of collateral vessels in patients with left main disease.