沈阳地区绝经后妇女绝经年限与股骨近端骨密度的关系分析

目的 探讨绝经年限与股骨近端BMD的关系。方法 随机调查沈阳地区285例健康的绝经后妇女，调查其年龄和绝经年限，测量其身高、体重、股骨近端骨密度(BMD)，应用SPSS软件统计分析。结果 随绝经年限的增加股骨近端各部位BMD有下降的趋势，随绝经年限的增加股骨近端各部位BMD下降速度减慢，并且相对而言Neck、Ward’s区的BMD下降速度高于其他部位。以年龄和体重指数(BMI)为协变量，经协方差分析显示Ward’s区BMD与绝经年限具有显著相关，而其他部位无显著相关。结论 对绝经后妇女应注意绝经早期的股骨近端BMD变化。     

绝经后2型糖尿病患者不同部位骨密度的 变化情况及影响因素

目的探讨绝经后2型糖尿病女性不同部位骨密度的变化、影响因素及骨质疏松诊断率,为早期诊断、早期防治糖尿病并发骨质疏松提供理论依据。方法回顾性分析在我院内分泌科住院的绝经后2型糖尿病患者169例,采用双能X线骨密度测量仪检测腰椎1-4椎体、左侧股骨颈、Ward’s三角及全髋的骨密度,统计各年龄组不同部位的骨密度值及T≤-2.5SD所占百分比,采用多元逐步回归分析各部位骨密度影响因素。结果各部位骨密度随着年龄的增长而下降,股骨颈及Ward’s三角、全髋部位的骨密度下降幅度较大,腰椎部位骨密度下降相对平缓。随着年龄增长,腰椎和髋部骨质疏松检出率增加。其中在50～59岁年龄组中,骨质疏松检出率最高的部位是L1-L4正位,在60岁以上的年龄组中检出率最高的部位是Ward’s三角。多元回归分析结果显示L1、L2、L3、L4、股骨颈、Ward’s三角及全髋部位骨密度均与BMI呈正相关,除L3、L4外,所有部位骨密度与年龄呈负相关,L3、L4部位骨密度与绝经年限及空腹C肽有关。各部位骨密度与空腹血糖、HbA1C未见相关性。结论随年龄的增长,绝经后糖尿病患者骨质疏松症检出率随测量部位不同而不同。腰椎正位(L1-L4正位)和Ward’s三角分别是50～59岁及60岁以上女性诊断骨质疏松最敏感的部位。影响绝经后2型糖尿病患者骨密度的主要因素为年龄、BMI。低体重、高龄的糖尿病女性因定期检查骨密度预防骨质疏松骨折的发生。     

绝经后妇女年龄、绝经年龄、绝经年限与腰椎和髋部骨密度的关系分析

目的 探讨绝经后妇女年龄、绝经年龄、绝经年限与腰椎和髋部骨密度的关系.方法 调查248名健康的绝经后妇女的年龄、绝经年龄、绝经年限,测量身高、体重、正位腰椎（L2～L4）、髋部骨密度进行分析.结果 随着绝经年限的增长,腰椎和髋部骨密度逐渐降低.单因素相关分析表明年龄、绝经年限与腰椎及髋部各部位骨密度呈显著负相关（P＜0.01）,绝经年龄与腰椎及髋部各部位骨密度无显著相关性（P＞0.05）.调整身高、体重指数后,年龄、绝经年龄与腰椎及髋部骨密度呈显著负相关（P＜0.01）,绝经年龄与腰椎及髋部各部位骨密度无显著相关性（P＞0.05）.多元逐步回归分析显示绝经年限与腰椎、股骨颈及股骨大转子的骨密度呈显著负相关（P＜0.01）,年龄与腰椎、股骨颈及Ward三角区骨密度呈显著负相关（P＜0.05）.结论 年龄、绝经年限与腰椎和髋部骨密度有关.     

105例Ⅱ型糖尿病患者骨密度变化的分析

目的 研究Ⅱ型糖尿病患骨密度的变化规律和临床特点，更深入了解糖尿病对骨代谢的影响。方法 使用双能X线骨密度测定仪测定105例Ⅱ型糖尿病患腰椎L1～L4、Ward’s三角区、股骨颈、股骨大转子区的骨密度(BMD)，并以同年龄、同性别的健康的骨密度比较，研究其骨密度的变化规律和临床特点。结果 ①女性Ⅱ型糖尿病患BMD测定值与同年龄对照组比较差异无显性。②男性Ⅱ型糖尿病患BMD测定值除了51～60岁年龄组差异有显性外，61岁以上年龄组差异无显性。③男性Ⅱ型糖尿病患BMD测定值明显高于同年龄的女性。各年龄组Ward’s三角区BMD测定值明显低于腰椎和股骨颈及股骨大转子区。结论 ①雌激素水平下降是绝经后妇女骨质疏松的主要原因。②Ⅱ型糖尿病能使部分老年患易患有骨质疏松症。③骨质疏松患最早出现骨密度改变在Ward’s三角区。     

尿毒症伴重度继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症骨密度特征 分析

目的研究尿毒症伴重度继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症患者的骨密度改变特征,分析该组患者骨密度改变与临床特征之间的关系。方法回顾性总结2011年2月至2013年4月在本院接受甲状旁腺全切除联合自体前臂移植术的51例尿毒症伴重度继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症患者的一般情况、临床特点、股骨近端和腰椎骨密度,及全切除手术所得甲状旁腺质量等数据。比较相同性别患者腰椎L1-L4之间、股骨近端不同部位之间骨密度的差异;对不同部位骨密度减少程度与上述观察变量之间的关系进行相关性分析。结果本组患者临床表现包括皮肤瘙痒、骨痛、身高缩短、面部变形和躯体变形等;血清iPTH高达2227.9±907.3 pg/ml;骨质疏松27例(52.9%),骨量减少23例(45.1%);男女性患者均显示L1至L4椎骨骨密度T值逐渐降低,男性骨密度T值L4显著低于L1(P=0.037),女性骨密度T值L4亦显著低于L1(P=0.039),男女性均显示股骨转子、股骨颈至Ward’s三角区的T值逐渐降低,男性Ward’s三角区T值显著低于股骨转子(P=0.025),女性Ward’s三角区和股骨颈T值显著低于股骨转子(P=0.009和P=0.023)。体重指数、血清白蛋白与骨密度值呈显著正相关,身高缩短、脊柱变形、胸廓变形、面部变形、血清碱性磷酸酶、血清iPTH、甲状旁腺质量与骨密度值呈显著负相关。结论骨质疏松和骨量减少广泛存在于尿毒症伴重度继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症患者中;身体承重部位骨密度降低更严重;消瘦、低白蛋白血症、面部及躯干变形、iPTH严重升高、甲状旁腺增生程度重等因素提示骨质疏松风险增大。     

雌激素受体基因Pvu Ⅱ多态性对筛选绝经后骨质疏松危险因素的作用

目的 通过雌激素受体基因PvuⅡ基因分型，筛选绝经后骨质疏松的危险因素。方法 检测759例绝经后骨质疏松症者腰椎、股骨上段的骨密度和198例雌激素受体基因PvuⅡ基因型，分析不同基因型的年龄、体重指数等因素与骨密度的相关性。结果 在PP型，低体重是股骨颈、大转子骨密度的危险因素；在pp型，高龄是大转子、Ward’s区骨密度的危险因素；在Pp型，高龄是腰椎、股骨颈、Ward’s骨密度的危险因素；低体重是股骨颈、大转子骨密度的危险因素。结论 通过雌激素受体基因PvuⅡ多态性筛选危险因素对临床防治绝经后骨质疏松有重要的指导价值。     

绝经后妇女肥胖与骨密度的关系

目的 分析绝经后妇女的腰椎2-4( L2-4)和股骨颈（Neck)、大转子(Troch)、粗隆间（InterTro)的骨密度（BMD),探讨绝经后妇女肥胖与骨密度的关系。方法 以我院269名年龄45 -75岁的绝经后妇女为研究对象,计算体重指数将研究对象分为肥胖组和对照组,采用双能X线骨密度仪检测腰椎、股骨颈、大转子、粗隆间的骨密度,分析绝经后妇女肥胖与骨密度的关 系。结果 肥胖组绝经后妇女不同部位的骨密度均高于对照组(P <0.05或P <0. 01)。绝经后妇女各部位的骨密度随年龄的增长而降低,各年龄组间的骨密度有显著性差异(P <0.05或P <0. 01)。结论 年龄和体重指数是影响骨密度的重要因素,绝经后妇女肥胖者骨密度较正常体型者高,肥胖者可能通过负重等作用,延缓绝经后妇女骨密度的下降。     

安徽地区绝经后妇女细胞色素P450基因CYP17多态性与骨密度及血脂相关性研究

目的了解安徽地区汉族绝经后女性的P450基因CYP17多态性分布与骨密度及血脂的相关性。方法随机选择194名安徽合肥地区健康汉族绝经后妇女，运用双能X线骨密度吸收法测定腰椎L2-L4和股骨近端部位的骨密度（BMD），并采用聚合酶链反应一限制性片断长度多态性方法对P450基因的CYP17多态性位点进行基因分析。测定血甘油三酯（TG）总胆固醇（TC），低密度脂蛋白（LDL）。结果①CYP17基因型分布频率依次为TC型，CC型，TT型；②CYP17位点TC型Ward’s三角区BMD明显高于CC型（P〈0．05），与腰椎以及股骨颈和大转子区BMD无关（P〉0．05）。在调整年龄、身高、体重、BMI、绝经年限等因素后，CYP17多态位点与Ward’s三角区BMD显著相关（P〈0．05）。③血TC与股骨颈BMD呈负相关（r=-0．210，P=0．015），LDL与腰椎BMD呈显著负相关（r=-0．225，P=O．009），TG与股骨颈BMD呈显著负相关（r=-0．275，P=0．001），与Ward’s三角区BMD呈负相关（r=-0．174，P=0．043）。各基因型间血脂水平无差异（P〉0．05）。结论①安徽地区绝经后女性P450基因CYP17多态性位点与绝经后女性Ward’s三角区BMD有相关性；②血TC、LDL、TG升高可能是绝经后女性骨质疏松发生的危险因素；③未发现P450基因CYP17多态性位点与安徽地区绝经后女性血脂水平有相关性。     

福州地区绝经后妇女骨钙素基因Hind Ⅲ多态性与骨密度的关系

目的 探讨绝经后妇女骨钙素基因(OC)Hind Ⅲ多态性与骨密度的关系.方法 用双能X线骨密度仪检测247例绝经后妇女的腰椎、股骨颈、大转子和Wards三角骨密度,应用PCR-RFLP技术检测OC基因Hind Ⅲ多态性.结果 ①OC基因型分布频率为HH型4.9%,hh型49%,Hh型46.1%.等位基因频率为H 27.94%,h 72.06%,基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg定律.②HH基因型与hh型在股骨颈、大转子、Wards三角区骨密度有显著性差异(P<0.05);HH基因型与Hh型在大转子、Wards三角区骨密度也有显著性差异(P<0.05).③有h等位基因的股骨颈、大转子、Wards三角区骨密度显著低于无h等位基因(P<0.05).结论 福州地区绝经后妇女OC基因多态性与骨密度存在相关性,有h等位基因绝经后妇女在股骨颈、大转子、Wards三角区有低骨密度风险.     

广州地区1 403例成年女性骨密度测定分析

目的了解本地区成年女性人群腰椎、股骨近端各部位骨密度(Bone mineral density BMD)随年龄、绝经年限、体重、身高的变化规律、各部位骨密度的偏相关分析和多元线性回归分析及骨质疏松患病率情况,为骨质疏松的诊断及预防提供科学依据.方法采用美国NORLAND公司的XR-46系列双能X线骨密度仪测量1 403例成年女性人群腰椎(L2-L4前后位及L3侧位)、非优势(左)股骨近端各部位(股骨颈、大粗隆及Ward's三角)BMD值,按10岁一个年龄组分7组对数据进行统计分析.结果广州地区成年女性腰椎骨峰含量出现在30～39岁组,而股骨近端骨峰含量出现在20～29岁组,腰椎及股骨近端各部位BMD值均随年龄增长而下降,腰椎和Ward's三角部位在50～59岁和60～69岁两年龄组骨量呈快速丢失现象.各部位骨密度的偏相关分析显示各部位的骨密度均呈相关性(P＜0.01).多元线性回归分析显示年龄和体重对绝经前女性股骨颈的骨密度有影响(P＜0.01),而绝经后女性腰3侧位骨密度除了年龄和体重的影响外,身高和绝经年限均对其有影响(P＜0.01).成年女性在达到峰值骨量后随着年龄的增加,各部位骨质疏松的患病率都呈上升趋势.结论女性机体BMD随年龄而变化,年龄、体重、绝经年限及身高等对机体BMD均有一定的影响,保持合适的体重和体型,有利于BMD的增加与维持.对不同年龄段的成年女性人群,预防骨质疏松的发生应以测量不同部位的BMD作为评价手段.     

Menopause-related changes in bone mineral density in Japanese women: A longitudinal study on lumbar spine and proximal femur

We investigated 2-year longitudinal changes of bone mineral density (BMD) in lumbar spine and proximal femur in 64 Japanese women aged 38–67. Forty subjects were premenopausal (mean age 44.9) and 24 postmenopausal (mean age 54.6) at enrollment of the study. Six subjects experienced menopause during the 2-year study period and were defined as the perimenopausal group. Measurements of BMD were performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at L2–4, femoral neck, greater trochanter, and Ward's triangle. Paired t test revealed no significant decrease in BMD at any site in the premenopausal group. Significant annual decrease in BMD was observed in the perimenopausal group at L2–4, femoral neck, and greater trochanter. A similar tendency was observed in Ward's triangle, but did not reach statistical significance. In the postmenopausal group, significant decrease in BMD was found at the proximal femur, but not at L2–4. Significant inverse correlation between age and change rate of BMD was found at L2–4, but not at the proximal femur, in premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, there was a significant association between body weight (BW) change and change rate in BMD at L2–4, femoral neck, or greater trochanter. This association was not found in the premenopausal group. These results suggest that effect of menopause on BMD may be different in individuals and sites of the skeleton. BW change may affect change in BMD in postmenopausal women. However, the limited variability in both BW and BMD changes among premenopausal women in this study may explain the poor association between change in BW and change in BMD in the premenopausal group. As individual differences in each group is considerably large, annual measurements of BMD may be necessary to find possible candidates for early intervention.     

The effect of age and menopause on bone mineral density of the proximal femur

Although the menopause has been associated with increased bone loss at several skeletal sites, it has not previously been noted in the hip, yet estrogen therapy has been reported to reduce the incidence of hip fractures. We investigated the effect of age and menopause on bone loss in the proximal femur by measuring bone mineral density (BMD) of the femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and trochanter by dual-photon absorptiometry in 263 normal women aged 20-84. Multiple regression analyses revealed a significant decrease in BMD of the femoral neck and Ward's triangle with age in both pre- and postmenopausal women (p less than 0.001). In the trochanter the decrease with age was significant only in postmenopausal women (p less than 0.001). Further analysis revealed that BMD decreased faster at all sites in the early postmenopausal years. During the first 6 years postmenopause, the decrease in BMD of the femoral neck and trochanter was 3-10 times higher than the change in the decade prior to menopause. About 20% of the lifetime femoral neck loss and 30% of the trochanteric loss occurred in the early postmenopausal period. It is concluded that both age and menopause are major determinants of BMD in the proximal femur. These findings could explain why estrogen therapy has been reported to prevent hip fracture. The rapid early postmenopausal loss in BMD of the proximal femur demonstrates the importance of starting estrogen replacement therapy immediately after menopause for maximum effect.     

绝经后股骨颈骨折股骨头骨铁含量、血清铁蛋白与骨密度相关性研究

 目的 探讨女性绝经后股骨颈骨折股骨头骨铁含量、血清铁蛋白与髋部骨密度的相关性。方法 2010年6月至2013年3月,收集156例股骨颈骨折行髋关节置换的绝经后女性患者资料,年龄56~92岁,平均(72.40±8.97)岁;按每10岁年龄段分组,共分5组,即≤ 60岁组、61~70岁组、71~80岁组、81~90岁组、≥91岁组。患者入院后第2天留空腹血清标本测定血清铁蛋白和骨代谢指标;对髋关节置换术后留取的股骨头组织行骨铁含量检测和骨铁染色,术后第10天行髋部和腰椎骨密度(DXA)检测。结果 5组之间骨铁、血清铁蛋白、转铁蛋白、总铁结合力、Ⅰ型原胶原氨基端延长肽、Ⅰ型胶 原C端肽β降解产物、髋部和L1~4骨密度存在组间差异。髋部和L1~4骨密度随年龄增加而下降,骨铁和血清铁蛋白随年龄增 加而升高,骨铁和血清铁蛋白检测值均在81~90岁年龄组达到峰值,156例患者的平均骨铁量为96.81 μg/g,平均血清铁蛋白为235.66 μg/L。156例患者中,血清铁蛋白＞200 μg/L的患者为100例(100/156,64.1%)。骨铁、血清铁蛋白、年龄、体重指数可进入髋部骨密度回归模型,股骨颈R2=0.443,Wards三角R2=0.397,大转子R2=0.322,全股骨R2=0.379;控制年龄、体重、体重指数等因素,骨铁和血清铁蛋白与髋部骨密度呈负相关,与腰椎骨密度无明显相关性。结论 发生股骨颈脆性骨折的绝经后女性患者体内存在铁蓄积,股骨头骨铁含量随年龄增加而升高,骨铁增加和血清铁蛋白升高可能是髋部骨密度下降的独立危险因素,铁蓄积与绝经后骨质疏松症存在相关性。     

Bone density in white Brazilian women: Rapid loss at the time around the menopause

Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and proximal femur (neck, Ward's triangle, and trochanter) in 417 normal women (aged 20–79) living in São Paulo, Brazil. Bone density decreased with age at all sites. At the spine, the greatest decrease occurred during the sixth decade, with an average 11.4% bone loss compared with the previous decade. Stratifying the subjects according to menopausal status revealed that the fastest bone occurred at the time around the menopause (ages 45–60) when the rate of bone loss (-0.66%/year) was almost twice as rapid as in postmenopausal women (-0.39%/year). Although significant linear rates of bone loss were detected in all proximal femur sites before the menopause, a menopause-dependent pattern was less evident that at the spine. Lifetime rates of bone loss at the appendicular skeleton were-0.43,-0.62, and-0.35%/year at the femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and trochanteric area, respectively. After the menopause, BMD declined with menopausal age at all sites, although the rate of bone loss was faster at the femoral neck (-0.62%/year) and Ward's triangle (-0.84%/year) than at the spine-0.49%/year). The results are consistent with the notion that in women, the fastest bone loss occurs at the time round the menopause, most likely consequent to ovarian failure; and that faster rates of bone loss are detected at the proximal femur than at the lumbar spine in late postmenopausal women.     

骨密度结合股骨近端几何参数预测老年髋部骨折

目的研究老年人骨密度(Bone mineral density,BMD)值结合股骨近端几何参数是否能提高骨质疏松性髋部骨折危险性的预测。方法将85例绝经后妇女髋部骨折患者按骨折类型分组, 其中52例股骨颈骨折,33例转子间骨折。对照组100例老年女性。在骨盆片上测量股骨近端几何参数,在股骨颈、Ward’s三角和转子处测量BMD值,对结果进行统计学处理分析。结果骨折组的BMD值均低于对照组(P<0．01);股骨干皮质厚度与股骨颈BMD值有相关性(r=0．45,P< 0．01);逐步线性回归分析结果显示股骨距内侧皮质厚度、转子处BMD值、颈干角和Ward’s三角 BMD值相结合是预测髋部骨折最好方法(r=0．74,r2=0．53,P<0．01)。结论骨密度值结合放射学测量股骨近端几何参数能提高对骨质疏松性髋部骨折及骨折类型的预测。     

The Influence of Aging on the Association Between Adiposity and Bone Mineral Density in Jordanian Postmenopausal Women

The objective of this study was to assess the relative association between body weight, body mass index (BMI), lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM), and bone mineral density (BMD) in a group of Jordanian postmenopausal women and investigate if this possible association changes with age. A total of 3256 patients had dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan in the period from January 2009 till January 2012 at the Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department of Jordan University Hospital. Only 584 women met the selection criteria. Age has been recorded, and patients were divided into subgroups according to age. Body weight and height were measured, and BMI was calculated. Body composition (LM, FM, percentage of android fat, and percentage of gynoid fat) was assessed by DXA. BMD of the lumbar spine (L1–L4) and femoral neck was measured by DXA. Weight, BMI, FM, LM, percentage of android fat, and percentage of gynoid fat were positively correlated to BMD at both lumbar spine and femoral neck. However, this correlation disappeared at the age of 70 yr at lumbar spine and 75 yr at femoral neck. This study suggests that both FM and LM are important determinants of BMD in Jordanian postmenopausal women, and this correlation disappears after the age of 70 yr at lumbar spine and 75 yr at femoral neck.     

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in normal women: A cross-sectional study of 717 finnish volunteers

The bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and proximal femur was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 717 healthy women aged 20–70 years. The maximal mean BMD was found at the age of 35–39 years in the spine and at the age of 20–24 in the femoral neck and Ward's triangle. No significant change in lumbar BMD was found from the age of 20 to 39 years. The spinal BMD values were relatively stable from age 20 to 39 years, whereas a linear decrease in BMD in the femoral neck and Ward's triangle was already apparent in the youngest age group (20–24 years). The major fall in BMD in all sites was related to the menopause. The overall decreases in BMD from the peak values to those at age 65–70 years were 20.4%, 19.0% and 32.6% in the lumbar spine, femoral neck and Ward's triangle, respectively. The correlation of trochanteric BMD with age was poor. BMD was positively correlated with weight in all measurement sites. Nulliparity was found to be a risk factor for osteoporosis. The present study confirmed that the menopause has a significant effect not only on spinal BMD but also on femoral BMD. Lumbar BMD was lower and BMDs in the proximal femur were higher in Finnish women than in white American women. This emphasizes the importance of national reference values for BMD measurements.     

血清神经肽Y水平与绝经后妇女骨密度相关性研究

目的探讨血清神经肽Y(NPY)水平与绝经后妇女骨密度(BMD)的相关性。方法纳入在我院门诊就诊的绝经后妇女。测量血清钙、磷、白蛋白、甲状旁腺激素(parathyroid hormone,PTH)、促甲状腺激素(thyrotropin,TSH)、25-OH维生素D和NPY浓度。根据骨密度检测结果将受试者分为3组,分别为BMD值:正常(n=66)、骨量减少(n=63)和骨质疏松症(n=63)。根据血清NPY水平,受试者也被分为3组:低NPY(n=30)、正常NPY(n=126)和高NPY(n=36)。结果骨密度正常、骨质疏松、骨质疏松症患者血清NPY、PTH和年龄水平差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.05)。对于不同的NPY水平,各组腰椎、股骨总、股骨颈、转子、股骨转子间和Ward’s三角BMD值有显著差异(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示血清NPY水平与患者年龄、BMI呈现显著正相关(P<0.05),与不同部位的BMD值之间均有显著负相关性(P<0.05)。结论血清NPY水平与患者年龄、体重指数或任何部位测量的BMD值之间有相关性。