曲古抑菌素A抑制人脑肿瘤细胞增殖及提高p21和p27蛋白表达

背景和目的：研究提示组蛋白乙酰化酶抑制剂曲古抑菌素A能诱导细胞凋亡,本研究拟探讨曲古抑菌素A对人脑肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用和机制。材料和方法：选用两种人脑肿瘤细胞株,一株为p53突变型的人胶质瘤细胞株T98G,另一株为p53野生型的人神经母细胞瘤细胞株SKNSH;采用SRB细胞毒测定方法检测TSA作用后肿瘤细胞的增殖状态,用琼脂糖凝胶DNA电泳和流式细胞仪定性和定量分析肿瘤细胞凋亡情况,应用Western印迹分析TSA作用前后,肿瘤细胞中高度乙酰化的组蛋白H3,H4,内源性p53蛋白,乙酰化p53蛋白,以及细胞周期相关蛋白p21,p27的变化。结果：TSA在纳摩尔级浓度即能有效抑制肿瘤细胞增殖,并引起高度乙酰化的组蛋白分子H3和H4集聚;用320nM的TSA作用肿瘤细胞24小时,即发生显著的肿瘤细胞凋亡;TSA刺激肿瘤细胞48小时内,p21和p27蛋白表达显著增强,其中p21蛋白水平在4小时后时即明显升高,8小时达高峰;p27蛋白水平升高发生在8小时后,而内源性p53蛋白水平和乙酰化的p53蛋白水平未发生变化。结论：TSA在体外能有效抑制对传统化疗耐药的人脑肿瘤细胞生长,其抗肿瘤生长机理可能是通过上调p21和p27蛋白水平实现的,而不受内源性p53基因状态和蛋白改变的影响。     

细胞周期蛋白激酶抑制剂flavopiridol对尤文肉瘤耐药细胞增殖抑制的实验研究

目的:探讨细胞周期蛋白激酶抑制剂(flavopiridol)在体内外抑制尤文肉瘤阿霉素耐药细胞株WE-68/ADR增殖的作用及其机制。方法:四甲基偶氮唑蓝法(MTT法)测定细胞增殖抑制率。流式细胞计数法测量flavopiridol给药后WE-68/ADR细胞周期的变化及凋亡率。免疫印迹法(Western-blot)检测细胞中Bax、Bcl-2、p53及活化型多聚ADP核糖多聚酶(PARP-85)蛋白的表达。皮下注射WE-68/ADR细胞建立荷瘤裸鼠模型,17flavopiridol腹腔内给药,测量肿瘤体积及裸鼠体重变化,计算肿瘤抑制率。结果:Flavopiridol可抑制尤文肉瘤阿霉素耐药细胞株WE-68/ADR的细胞增殖,其效果呈时间及浓度相关性(P<0.05)。Flavopiridol给药后,耐药细胞株WE-68/ADR的细胞凋亡比明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。同时,耐药细胞株中的Bax、p53及PARP-85的表达增加,而Bcl-2的表达被下调。Flavopiridol可有效抑制荷瘤小鼠体内耐药细胞株的生长。结论:细胞周期蛋白激酶抑制剂flavopiridol可在体内外有效抑制尤文肉瘤阿霉素耐药细胞株的增殖,其机制可能与p53介导的线粒体凋亡信号传导途径有关。     

Flavopiridol诱导耐阿霉素尤文肉瘤细胞株VH-64／ADR凋亡及作用机制的研究

目的：探讨细胞周期蛋白酶抑制剂flavopiridol（FP）对耐阿霉素尤文肉瘤细胞增殖抑制及凋亡诱导的作用机制。方法：采用MTT法测定阿霉素（ADM）及falvopifidol对VH-54／ADR细胞的半数抑制浓度（IC50）,计算耐药倍数;流式细胞计数仪（FCM）检测falvopiridol给药后VH-64／ADR细胞周期的变化;Western—blotting方法检测细胞中Bcl-2、pro—caspase-3、活化型多聚ADP核糖多聚酶（PARP-85）蛋白的表达。结果：flavopiridol可抑制尤文肉瘤耐阿霉素细胞株VH／ADR的细胞增殖,其效果呈时间及浓度相关性（P〈0．05）。flavopiridol给药后,耐药细胞株VH-54／ADR的细胞凋亡率明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）;bcl-2、pro—casepase-3表达下调,而活性型PARP表达上调。结论：FP可有效诱导VH-64／ADR细胞发生凋亡,其机制可能与线粒体信号传导途径有关。     

曲古霉素A对肺腺癌细胞株NCI-H1299增殖的抑制作用及其机制

背景与目的：曲古霉素A（trichostatin A,TSA）是具有组蛋白去乙酰化酶（histone deacetylases,HDAC@强效非竞争性抑制剂,对血液系统肿瘤和实质性肿瘤均有较强的生长抑制作用。本文观察HDACs抑制剂TSA对体外培养的肺腺癌NCI-H1299细胞株的增殖、凋亡和周期以及相关基因表达的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法：MTT法检测不同浓度（0.1、0.2、0.4、2.0μmol/L@的TSA对人肺腺癌NCI-H1299细胞株体外增殖的影响,流式细胞术检测药物处理后细胞周期及凋亡率的变化;Western blot法检测细胞内组蛋白H4乙酰化水平的变化;Real-time PCR检测NCI-H1299细胞内p21、CyclinB1、Bcl-2和Bax的基因表达。结果：TSA能明显抑制NCI-H1299细胞的体外生长,其抑制作用呈明显的剂量和时间依赖性。TSA诱导后,流式细胞术检测结果显示细胞阻滞于G2/M期,细胞凋亡增加。TSA可明显提高NCI-H1299细胞内组蛋白H4的乙酰化水平,诱导p21和Bax的mRNA表达增加,同时抑制Bcl-2和CyclinB1表达。结论：TSA可通过诱导细胞凋亡及阻滞细胞周期而发挥体外抗肺腺癌细胞生长的作用,其机制可能与组蛋白乙酰化水平的提高以及调控相关基因p21、Bax、Bcl-2和CyclinB1的表达变化有关。     

TSA诱导胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞周期阻滞与凋亡的研究

目的观察曲古抑菌素A(tricho-statin A,TSA)对胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞增殖及凋亡的诱导作用,探讨TSA抗胰腺癌的作用机制。方法BxPC-3细胞应用TSA处理后采用流式细胞技术分析其细胞周期分布和细胞凋亡率,免疫组化方法检测细胞乙酰化组蛋白H4表达,Western blot分析p21 WAF1/CIP1蛋白表达。结果TSA对胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞具有生长抑制作用,且呈时间和剂量依赖性。TSA可将BxPC-3细胞阻滞于G0/G1期,TSA组G0/G1期细胞达(61.8±2.5)%,较空白对照组(42.5±2.2)%和乙醇对照组(47.3±3.4)%明显增多(P=0.004);三组细胞凋亡率分别为25.5%、5.5%和5.1%(P=0.000)。TSA组细胞p21 WAF1/CIP1蛋白表达及其相关染色质乙酰化组蛋白H4表达上调。结论TSA对胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞增殖和细胞周期具有影响作用并可诱导细胞凋亡,p21 WAF1/CIP1蛋白及其相关染色质乙酰化组蛋白H4表达上调可能是其抗胰腺癌作用机制之一。     

Flavopiridol诱导耐阿霉素尤文肉瘤细胞株VH-64/ADR 凋亡及作用机制的研究

目的:探讨细胞周期蛋白酶抑制剂flavopiridol(FP)对耐阿霉素尤文肉瘤细胞增殖抑制及凋亡诱导的作用机制.方法:采用MTT法测定阿霉素(ADM)及falvopiridol对VH-64/ADR细胞的半数抑制浓度(IC50),计算耐药倍数;流式细胞计数仪(FCM)检测falvopiridol给药后VH-64/ADR细胞周期的变化;Western-blotting方法检测细胞中Bcl-2、pro-caspase-3、活化型多聚ADP核糖多聚酶(PARP-85)蛋白的表达.结果:flavopiridol可抑制尤文肉瘤耐阿霉素细胞株VH/ADR的细胞增殖,其效果呈时间及浓度相关性(P<0.05).flavopiridol给药后,耐药细胞株VH-64/ADR的细胞凋亡率明显高于对照组(P<0.05);bcl-2、pro-casepase-3表达下调,而活性型PARP表达上调. 结论:FP可有效诱导VH-64/ADR细胞发生凋亡,其机制可能与线粒体信号传导途径有关.     

TSA对人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的抑制作用及其机制

目的：研究去乙酰化转移酶抑制剂TSA对肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的作用及其机理。方法：利用细胞计数,流式细胞仪分析细胞凋亡及细胞周期,Tunel试验研究TSA对肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的作用;利用western研究TSA对肝癌细胞蛋白表达的影响。结果：TSA可明显抑制肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的生长,并可诱导细胞凋亡。可阻滞肝癌细胞SMMC-7721细胞周期于G0/G1期。可增加p53,p21,bax等基因的表达,降低BCL-2的表达。结论：去乙酰化转移酶抑制剂TSA可明显抑制肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的生长并诱导其凋亡,其主要通过调控一些肿瘤相关基因的表达起作用。     

细胞周期蛋白激酶抑制剂诱导尤文肉瘤细胞凋亡作用的机制

目的探讨小分子细胞周期蛋白激酶抑制剂flavopiridol（FP）尤文肉瘤细胞株RD-ES凋亡诱导作用及其调控机制。方法FP作用RD-ES细胞后，光学显微镜观察其形态变化，MTT法测定FP对细胞增殖的抑制率；流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡；Western blot检测bcl-2，bax，mcl-l和caspase-8的蛋白表达变化。结果MTT实验显示FP对尤文肉瘤RD-ES细胞增殖有抑制作用，其抑制效应具有时间及浓度依赖的特点，流式细胞计数分析表明FP可诱导细胞凋亡，免疫印迹检测显示FP对bcl-2及bax的表达无影响，但细胞凋亡抑制基因mcl-1活性型caspase-8的表达被上调。结论FP可诱导尤文肉瘤细胞株凋亡，其作用不依赖于bcl-2基因的变化，mcl-1基因表达的抑制及caspase-8路径的激活可能为其机制之一。     

曲古菌素A对胃癌细胞系BGC-823组蛋白H4乙酰化水平及细胞凋亡的作用

[目的]探讨组蛋白去乙酰化酶（HDAC）抑制剂曲古菌素A（TSA）对胃癌细胞系BGC-823中组蛋白H4乙酰化水平及细胞凋亡的影响。[方法]免疫细胞化学法检测TSA干预前后胃癌细胞系BGC-823中乙酰化组蛋白H4的表达，流式细胞仪检测细胞周期及细胞凋亡率。[结果]TSA干预后胃癌细胞系BGC-823中乙酰化组蛋白H4的表达水平明显升高，乙酰化组蛋白H4阳性细胞数从1．38±1．02上升至31．6±1．02，与未干预相比两者表达有显著性差异（P〈0．01），流式细胞仪分析显示G2期细胞增多，从0．01％上升至19．17％，细胞凋亡率增加到29．9％。[结论]TSA可促进胃癌细胞系BGC-823中乙酰化组蛋白H4的表达，诱导BGC-823细胞凋亡。     

Effect of trichostatin A on cell growth and expression of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related molecules in human gastric and oral carcinoma cell lines

The effect of trichostatin A (TSA), histone deacetylase inhibitor, on cell growth and the mechanism of growth modulation was examined in 8 gastric and 3 oral carcinoma cell lines which included 9-cis-retinoic acid resistant (MKN-7 and Ho-1-N-1) and IFN-beta resistant cell lines (MKN-7, -28 and -45). TSA inhibited growth in all cell lines examined. Apoptotic cell death was confirmed by apoptotic ladder formation and induction of a cleaved form (85 kDa) of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) induction. TSA enhanced the protein expression of p21(WAF1), CREB-binding protein, cyclinE, cyclin A, Bak and Bax, while it reduced the expression of E2F-1, E2F-4, HDAC1, p53 and hyperphosphorylated form of Rb. Furthermore, TSA induced morphological changes, such as elongation of cytoplasm and cell-to-cell detachment, in gastric and oral carcinoma cell lines. These results suggest that TSA may inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis of gastric and oral carcinoma cells through modulation of the expression of cell cycle regulators and apoptosis-regulating proteins.     

PARP - 1 和 p53 在三阴性乳腺癌中表达的相关性及临床意义简

目的：探讨PARP-1和p53在三阴性乳腺癌中表达的相关性及临床意义。方法：采用免疫组织化学方法检测85例三阴性乳腺癌中PARP-1和p53的表达,并进一步分析PARP-1和p53表达的相关性及PARP-1的表达与患者临床病理参数之间的关系。结果：PARP-1在三阴性乳腺癌中的过表达率为61．18％（52／85）,p53的阳性表达率为65．88％（56／85）,PARP-1的表达与p53的表达具有显著相关性（P〈0．05）。PARP-1与p53共表达的患者生存时间显著短于非共表达的患者（P〈0．05）。在三阴性乳腺癌中,PARP-1的表达与患者的TNM分期（P〈0．05）、淋巴结转移状态（P〈0．05）密切相关,但与患者年龄、肿瘤组织学分化程度无显著关系（P〉0．05）。术后生存时间也显示PARP-1阳性表达的患者明显短于阴性表达的患者（P〈0．05）。结论：PARP-1和p53在三阴性乳腺癌中的表达具有相关性,且PARP-1和p53共表达与乳腺癌患者的不良预后密切相关。     

Anticancer activity of Noscapine, an opioid alkaloid in combination with Cisplatin in human non-small cell lung cancer

The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of Noscapine (Nos) and Cisplatin (Cis) combination treatment in vitro in A549 and H460 lung cancer cells, in vivo in murine xenograft model and to investigate the underlying mechanism. The combination index values (<0.6) suggested synergistic effects of Nos + Cis and resulted in the highest increase in percentage of apoptotic NSCLC cells and increased expression of p53, p21, caspase 3, cleaved caspase 3, cleaved PARP, Bax, and decreased expression of Bcl₂ and surviving proteins compared with treatment with either agent. Nos + Cis treatment reduced tumor volume by 78.1 ± 7.5% compared with 38.2 ± 6.8% by Cis or 35.4 ± 6.9% by Nos alone in murine xenograft lung cancer model. Nos + Cis treatment decreased expression of pAkt, Akt, cyclin D1, survivin, PARP, Bcl₂, and increased expression of p53, p21, Bax, cleaved PARP, caspase 3, cleaved caspase 3, cleaved caspase 8, caspase 8, cleaved caspase 9 and caspase 9 compared to single-agent treated and control groups. Our results suggest that Nos enhanced the anticancer activity of Cis in an additive to synergistic manner by activating multiple signaling pathways including apoptosis. These findings suggest potential benefit for use of Nos and Cis combination in treatment of lung cancer.     

High levels of cleaved caspase-3 in colorectal tumour stroma predict good survival

Aim:

The primary aim was to determine the prognostic significance of apoptosis in colorectal tumour cells and tumour-associated stroma. A secondary aim was to determine whether apoptosis was related to immune surveillance.

Methods:

Immunohistochemistry was performed using monoclonal antibodies recognising cleaved caspase-3 (CC3), cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), p53, Bcl2, MHC-II, B cells (CD16), macrophages (CD68) and T cells (CD3), on a tissue microarray of 462 colorectal tumours.

Results:

Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with high expression of CC3 in the tumour or CC3 or cleaved PARP in tumour-associated stroma have a good prognosis. This suggests that tumour stroma is promoting tumourigenesis and that high levels of death within the stroma breaks this link. CC3 levels in the tumour correlated with cleaved PARP and MHC-II expression but not with CD16, CD68, CD3, p53 or Bcl2 expression. CC3 levels on tumour-associated stroma also correlated with cleaved PARP and MHC-II expression but not with CD16, CD68, CD3, p53 or Bcl2 expression. Tumour cells express MHC-II in response to IFN-γ, suggesting that this may be one of the initiators of apoptosis within the good prognosis tumours. Although 73% of the MHC-II-positive tumour had high levels of apoptosis, many tumours had high levels of apoptosis in the absence of MHC-II, implying that this is only one of many causes of apoptosis within tumours. On multivariate analysis, using Cox''s proportional hazards model, tumour stage, vascular invasion and expression of CC3 in tumour-associated stroma were shown to be independent markers of prognosis.

Conclusion:

This study shows that a high level of apoptosis within colorectal tumour-associated stroma is an independent marker of good prognosis.     

Deacetylase inhibition in malignant melanomas: impact on cell cycle regulation and survival

In the present study the deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) was used to elucidate the effect of protein acetylation on cell cycle progression and survival in seven human malignant melanoma cell lines. It was shown that TSA treatment led to a transient G(2)/M phase delay and accumulation of unphosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (pRB) in all cases. TSA significantly induced protein expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1) in a dose-dependent manner in all cell lines including those not expressing p21(WAF1/CIP1) constitutively, whereas the levels of both wild-type and mutated p53 protein were reduced. The effect on p53 was not a direct result of inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) activation by TSA, as treatment of the cells with the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase-1 (MEK1) inhibitor PD98059 did not result in decreased p53 protein level. Furthermore, TSA treatment led to reduction in cyclin D1 whereas cyclin D3 accumulated, the latter due to increased protein stability. Similarly, cyclin A protein was reduced whereas cyclin E level was elevated. The effect on p27(Kip1), CDK4 and CDK2 was only marginal. In all the examined cell lines, TSA treatment resulted in a profound induction of apoptosis and cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP) indicative of caspase activity. Similarly, TSA-mediated apoptosis was reversed by the caspase-inhibitor z-vad-fmk. Altogether, these results suggest that p21(WAF1/CIP1) in melanomas is silenced by deacetylation, and furthermore that inhibition of deacetylation may have potential in anticancer therapy of melanoma patients.     

p53在调控DNA损伤所致MDA-MB-231细胞死亡中的作用及其机制

目的：研究p53在调控DNA损伤所致乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞死亡中发挥的作用及其相关机制。方法：采用5 J/m²短波紫外线UVC体外照射MDA-MB-231细胞建立DNA损伤模型,通过Western blot检测磷酸化H2AX以鉴定DNA损伤程度,并采用Westernblot检测细胞死亡相关蛋白p21、PARP、磷酸化p53和p53,以及核因子NF-90表达的变化。结果：与对照组比较,5 J/m² UVC处理细胞0.5 h后即检测到明显的H2AX磷酸化（P < 0.05）,表明成功建立了DNA损伤模型;同时,p21发生降解并持续保持低表达状态,p53开始发生磷酸化（p-p53增加,P < 0.05）,处理8 h后观察到PARP的剪切增加（P < 0.05）,而p53和NF-90蛋白表达未发现明显改变。结论：MDA-MB-231细胞通过p21-PARP途径发生死亡,而磷酸化p53的增加则可以促进细胞存活,从而抑制DNA损伤引起的细胞死亡。