经导管肾段或亚段栓塞治疗肾动静脉畸形

探讨肾动静脉畸形的栓塞方法及栓塞剂选择。３例肾动静脉畸形均经ＤＳＡ主宰经导管超选择性肾段或亚段栓塞。检测剂为弹簧圈，无水酒精和ＩＢＣＡ。结果；３例肾动静脉畸形超靠拢性栓塞的均获成功。     

先天性肾动静脉畸形的栓塞治疗

目的评价经导管动脉栓塞治疗先天性肾动静脉畸形的价值。方法回顾性分析7例以肉眼血尿为主要症状的先天性肾动静脉畸形,选择性肾动脉造影确诊为肾动静脉畸形后,超选择性病变动脉插管,用明胶海绵、无水乙醇、弹簧钢圈等对病变血管进行栓塞治疗。结果所有7例先天性肾动静脉畸形都成功栓塞,栓塞24h内7例肉眼血尿消失,术后1周内可有栓塞侧腰部酸痛、低热、腹胀、恶心、呕吐等症状,但无严重并发症。随访36～98个月无血尿复发,肾功能正常。结论经导管肾动脉造影能明确诊断,动脉栓塞安全有效,对先天性肾动静脉畸形的治疗有重要意义。     

无水乙醇栓塞治疗先天性肾动静脉畸形

目的 探讨经微导管无水乙醇动脉栓塞治疗先天性肾动静脉畸形的疗效和安全性.方法 回顾性分析11例以肉眼血尿为主要症状的先天性肾动静脉畸形,选择性肾动脉造影确诊为肾动静脉畸形后,超选择性病变动脉插管,用无水乙醇栓塞病变血管治疗.结果 11例患者共进行12次治疗,无水乙醇用量5～25 ml,11例肾动静脉畸形均成功栓塞,栓塞24～48 h内肉眼血尿消失.术后1周内出现栓塞侧腰部酸痛、低热、腹胀、恶心、呕吐等症状,无其他严重并发症.随访4～96个月无血尿复发,肾功能正常.结论 经导管无水乙醇动脉栓寨安全有效、费用低廉,是先天性肾动静脉畸形治疗的有效方法.     

经导管肾动脉节段性栓塞治疗肾动静脉畸形

目的：探讨经导管肾动脉节段性栓塞治疗肾动静脉畸形的栓塞材料及其效果。方法：9例因肾动静脉畸形（先天性者8例，获得性者1例）引起大量血尿患者，施行经导管肾动脉节段性栓塞治疗10次，栓塞材料为无水乙醇、聚乙烯醇颗粒、异丁基-2-氰基丙烯酸酯和弹簧圈。9例患者术后随访观察10-56个月。结果：9例患者栓塞术后肾动脉造影显示畸形血管完全闭塞，3d内血尿消失。随访期间，9例患者中，只有1例单纯应用弹簧圈栓塞患者术后6个月血尿复发，血管造影证实为侧支血管形成导致畸形血管再通，改行无水乙醇及弹簧圈栓塞，术后18个月血尿未再复发。9例患者均无严重并发症发生。结论：经导管肾动脉节段性栓塞是治疗肾动静脉畸形的安全有效的方法，栓塞材料以无水乙醇和弹簧 圈联合栓塞为最佳。     

超选择性动脉栓塞术治疗医源性肾出血的临床疗效

目的评价超选择性动脉栓塞术治疗医源性肾出血的临床效果。方法 22例医源性严重血尿患者,均经选择性肾动脉数字减影血管造影(DSA)及超选择性肾动脉栓塞(TAE),其中17例用弹簧圈加明胶海绵栓塞,另5例单用明胶海绵栓塞。结果 DSA清晰地显示了全部患者病侧肾的对比剂外溢,其中4例合并动静脉瘘,主要累及肾中下极动脉分支。22例中的20例(90.9%)是一次TAE获得成功,其余2例起先均是单用明胶海绵栓塞,栓塞后,1例持续有血尿,另1例3 d后再次出现血尿,随后,二次用弹簧圈加明胶海绵栓塞遂使血尿完全消失。平均随访6个月,所有患者均无血尿复发。结论超选择性TAE对于保守治疗无效的医源性肾出血提供了一种安全且有效的治疗方法。     

超选择性肾动脉栓塞术治疗急性肾脏出血

目的:评价超选择性肾动脉栓塞术治疗急性肾脏出血的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析14例急性肾脏出血患者的临床资料,包括肾动脉创伤3例,多囊肾3例,肾动静脉畸形8例,所有病例采用COOK弹簧圈行超选择性肾动脉栓塞术进行止血治疗。随访9～14个月(平均12.5个月),观察术后疗效、并发症及复发情况。结果:所有患者均成功进行了超选择性肾动脉栓塞术,止血成功率100%,5例患者术后出现肾区疼痛或原有疼痛程度加重,3例出现术后发热,上述症状经对症治疗均于1周内消失,无严重并发症发生。所有患者随访期间无血尿复发及其它中远期并发症。结论:超选择性肾动脉栓塞术是治疗急性肾脏出血安全、有效的方法,可以达到即刻止血和保存肾脏的目的。     

Superselective coil embolization in acute renal hemorrhage

目的:评价超选择性肾动脉栓塞术治疗急性肾脏出血的临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析14例急性肾脏出血患者的临床资料,包括肾动脉创伤3例,多囊肾3例,肾动静脉畸形8例,所有病例采用COOK弹簧圈行超选择性肾动脉栓塞术进行止血治疗.随访9～14个月(平均12.5个月),观察术后疗效、并发症及复发情况.结果:所有患者均成功进行了超选择性肾动脉栓塞术,止血成功率100%,5例患者术后出现肾区疼痛或原有疼痛程度加重,3例出现术后发热,上述症状经时症治疗均于1周内消失,无严重并发症发生.所有患者随访期间无血尿复发及其它中远期并发症.结论:超选择性肾动脉栓塞术是治疗急性肾脏出血安全、有效的方法,可以达到即刻止血和保存肾脏的目的.     

经动脉栓塞治疗肾动静脉畸形或瘘所致血尿

目的评价经动脉栓塞治疗肾动静畸形(或瘘)所致血尿的安全性和疗效。方法回顾性分析因肉眼血尿行肾动脉造影而确诊的肾血管病变7例,包括先天性肾动静脉畸形3例,非肿瘤获得性动静脉瘘4例,选择相应的栓塞剂行动脉栓塞治疗。结果7例均获成功栓塞,术后1～7d临床肉眼血尿症状完全消失,无严重并发症,随访l2～36个月无再发。结论经动脉栓塞治疗肾动静脉畸形或瘘所致的血尿安全、有效。     

选择性肾动脉栓塞的临床应用

目的：研究肾动脉栓塞术在肾肿瘤术前和肾血管畸形出血病人中的临床应用。方法：对１６例进行选择性肾动脉栓塞，其中１４例肾肿瘤为术前栓塞，应用明胶海绵碎屑，栓塞程度达肾动脉主干。２例肾动静脉血管畸形出血，采用２ｃｍ长丝线段加明胶海绵碎屑行肾亚段栓塞。结果：（１）术中易剥离，出血少。（２）术野清晰，缩短术时。（３）肾血管畸形者，止血效果显著，并能免于剖腹手术，且不影响患肾功能。结论：选择性血管造影可以鉴别肾良、恶性病变，为肾切除及止血栓塞提供依据。     

非肿瘤性肾动静脉畸形或瘘节段性肾动脉栓塞治疗

目的　分析非肿瘤性肾动静脉畸形或瘘引起肾出血节段性肾动脉栓塞治疗的方法及疗效 ,探讨栓塞后肾脏再出血的原因及处理措施。方法　 4例肾出血患者 ,其中 2例先天性肾动静脉畸形 (AVM) ,2例肾穿刺后并发肾动静脉瘘 (AVF)。经股动脉插管行肾动脉及其分支造影 ,用明胶海绵、钢丝圈或无水酒精超选择性栓塞病变血管。结果　 4例畸形血管均闭塞 ,出血停止 ,全部病例在栓塞后无严重并发症发生 ;1例先天性AVM病人用钢丝圈及明胶海绵栓塞 8个月后再出血 ,经无水酒精再次栓塞后出血停止 ,随访 9个月无再出血。结论　肾动脉造影是诊断肾脏AVM和AVF的可靠方法 ;节段性肾动脉栓塞术是治疗肾脏AVM和AVF有效、安全的微创性手术 ;少数病例再发出血 ,可能与栓塞剂类型的选择和病变的特点有关 ,需应用永久性栓塞剂或多种栓塞剂联合治疗 ,甚至外科手术处理。     

经导管肾动脉栓塞的临床应用(附53例报告)

目的：对肾肿瘤及肾出血行肾动脉栓塞术的疗效及技术进行评价。方法：以明胶海绵、NT—CRE、线段、自体凝血块及无水乙醇用于栓塞肿瘤、先天性肾动静脉瘘和肾外伤出血，共53例。结果：41例术前辅助治疗的肾肿瘤在肾动脉栓塞后均成功进行了肾切除术，手术中平均输血405ml。4例晚期肾癌姑息性栓塞治疗者术后分别存活了3．5、13、17和25个月。1例先天性肾动静脉瘘和4例肾外伤出血在栓塞术后出血迅速停止，另1例先天性肾动静脉瘘出血，行超选择肾段动脉栓塞无效后又行肾切除术。结论：肾动脉栓塞术安全有效，可用于肾肿瘤的术前辅助治疗、晚期肾癌的姑息治疗及先天性肾动静脉瘘和肾外伤出血的治疗。     

肝癌节段性栓塞化疗与常规栓塞化疗的比较研究

目的 比较节段性栓塞化疗与常规栓塞化疗治疗肝癌的临床效果及其对肝的影响。方法 ３８例肝癌行节段性栓塞化疗,６３例行常规栓塞化疗。两组病例在肿瘤大小,部位,数目,临床分期,肿瘤血供,肝功能,是否合并肝硬化,化疗药物剂量及治疗次数等方面无显著性差异。节段组６例,常规组１０例分别于栓后４－８周行手术切除。     

经动脉超选择性肝段、亚肝段联合栓塞治疗小肝癌的临床研究

目的探讨经动脉超选择性肝段或亚肝段联合栓塞治疗小肝癌的临床价值。资料与方法25例小肝癌经肝段或亚肝段超选择性插管,应用超液态碘化油、无水乙醇和高温高压消毒后的明胶海绵颗粒对载瘤肝段或亚肝段进行联合栓塞,术后1～3个月复查AFP、CT和彩色多普勒,随访6个月～5年。结果AFP值于2周内逐渐恢复正常;病灶体积于术后1～3个月明显缩小;12例出现复发或肝内转移,复发或转移时间最短3个月．最长12个月,平均7．5个月,均采取反复栓塞治疗;本组病例平均治疗次数为6次;术后1、3、5年患者生存率分别为88％、72％、52％。结论对于没有外科手术指征或不愿意接受切除手术的小肝癌患者,经动脉超选择性肝段或亚肝段联合栓塞术是一种疗效显著的非手术微创治疗手段,并可取代小肝癌的常规TACE治疗。     

Effective segmental chemoembolization of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus in the portal vein

Purpose: Evaluate therapeutic results of transcatheter segmental hepatic artery chemo-oily-embolization (segmental TAE) against advanced hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) accompanied by portal tumor thrombus (PTT). Methods: Segmental TAE was performed in nine patients with hepatic cirrhosis and advanced HCCs accompanied by PTT. Four subsegmental portal branches were obstructed by PTT in three patients, and two were obstructed in the remaining six patients. TAE was performed into the targeted segmental hepatic artery followed by embolization with gelatin sponge particles. Results: In one patient undergoing subsequent resection, a marked anticancer effect on the PTT was demonstrated histologically. In the eight other patients who did not undergo subsequent resection, the cumulative survival rates were 67% at 6 months, 44% at 1 year, and 22% at 2 years. No serious complications were noted. Conclusions: This therapeutic approach is thought to be a useful treatment for HCC with PTT, because it reinforces anticancer effects and can be performed more safely than conventional transcatheter arterial embolization.     

超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗创伤性肾出血

目的 探讨超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗创伤性肾出血的应用价值。方法 20例创伤性肾出血患者在数字减影血管造影下，采用明胶海绵或(和)钢丝圈进行肾动脉栓塞。14例患者损伤在肾动脉一级分支以下，作超选择性肾动脉栓塞；6例患者肾动脉分支主干损伤或无法进行超选择性肾动脉栓塞者，作肾动脉主干或一级分支主干栓塞。结果 所有患者术后3～5d肉眼血尿消失。平均随访29个月，无肾出血复发，血尿素氮、肌酐及血压正常。术后复查：超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗组，患肾未栓塞部分肾功能恢复，肾外形基本正常；非超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗组，2例患肾无功能，4例患肾部分肾功能恢复。肾外形明显缩小。结论超选择性肾动脉栓塞术创伤小、疗效好、并发症少，能最大限度保护病肾功能，是治疗Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型闭合性肾损伤出血的安全有效方法。     

Embolization of Renal Angiomyolipomas: Short-Term and Long-Term Outcomes,Complications, and Tumor Shrinkage

This study retrospectively evaluated outcomes, complications, and tumor shrinkage in renal angiomyolipomas after transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). All renal angiomyolipoma patients who underwent TAE between August 2000 and December 2008 and had short-term (≤6 months) or long-term (>6 months) follow-up images were evaluated. Complications and tumor relapse after TAE were reviewed. The sizes of embolized tumors were measured to calculate size reductions and reduction rates after TAE. Differences in tumor size, size reduction, and reduction rate between different time points (pre-TAE, short-term follow-up, and long-term follow-up) and groups (completely and incompletely embolized) were determined. Eleven renal angiomyolipoma patients who had undergone TAE were included. Seven (63.6%) patients had postembolization syndrome and one had abscess formation following TAE. Two patients had a tumor relapse (18.2%). The mean tumor size was 8.57 ± 2.66 cm on pre-TAE images. The mean size reduction was 3.1 cm (33.3%) and 3.8 cm (43.0%) at short-term and long-term follow-up. Tumor sizes differed significantly between pre-TAE and short-term (p = 0.004) or long-term images (p = 0.022) but not between short-term and long-term images (p = 0.059). Results stratified by the completeness of embolization indicate that only the short-term size reduction rate differed significantly (p = 0.025), while the long-term reduction rate and short- and long-term follow-up tumor size and size reduction were comparable between the two groups. In conclusion, selective TAE is effective for tumor shrinkage in most renal angiomyolipomas, with acceptable complication and relapse rates. Tumor shrinkage occurring within 6 months after TAE may reflect the long-term effect of TAE.     

Superselective Transcatheter Arterial Embolization for Large Unruptured Renal Angiomyolipoma in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis

Purpose

To retrospectively evaluate therapeutic performance and complications of superselective transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for unruptured renal angiomyolipoma (AML) in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) and to investigate the correlation between percentage reduction in tumor volume and intratumoral fat content.