Dietary intake and lifestyle patterns: correlates with socio-economic, demographic and environmental factors

Four lifestyle dimensions were described based on 20 dietary behaviours as well as information about smoking behaviour, alcohol consumption and physical activity levels, in a sample of about 8000 survey participants from a population-representative sample in Wales in 1990. The first lifestyle dimension, mainly described by frequent intakes of chips, pies and processed meats, Med foods, alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking, was associated with male gender, younger age and lack of University education. The second, mainly described by frequent intakes of green vegetables, fruit, fish, poultry and non-smoking, was associated with older age, social group 1 and University education. The third, mainly described by frequent intake of pasta and rice and a high activity level, was associated with younger age, University education, and being born outside the UK. The final lifestyle dimension was mainly described by frequent intake of cakes, biscuits and sweets, non-smoking, and low alcohol intake, but was only weakly associated with socio-demographic factors. Local area differences in lifestyle patterns were also found. The benefits to health promotion of considering lifestyle as a pattern of inter-related health behaviours, and addressing the underlying determinants of these behaviours at the personal, social and community levels, were reinforced by the findings of this study.     

上海地区职业体检人群幽门螺杆菌感染与生活 方式的关系及危险因素研究

目的 调查上海地区职业体检人群中幽门螺杆菌（ Helicobacter pylori ,HP）感染现状,评价个人生活方式与HP感染的关系并对HP感染的可能危险因素进行探讨。为制定上海地区职业人群预防幽门螺杆菌感染策略提供参考依据。方法 采用整群抽样的方法选取2020年5月—2020年10月在华东疗养院进行HP检测的上海地区职业体检人群为研究对象,根据HP检测结果分为阳性组（1 045例）和阴性组（3 203例）,比较两组间体格检查、实验室检查及生活方式间的差异,并使用logistic回归探讨HP感染的危险因素。结果 本研究4 248例职业体检人群中,HP阳性检出率为24.6%,其中60~65岁年龄组HP感染率最低,仅为16.3%,各年龄组感染率不同（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗=4.757, P ＜0.05）。有吸烟史（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗=32.819 ,P ＜0.001）、饮酒史（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗=8.499 ,P ＜0.05））的职业体检人群HP感染率显著高于未吸烟饮酒人群。HP感染阳性组中体质指数（BMI）( t =3.610, P ＜0.001)、收缩压( t =3.254, P ＜0.05)、舒张压( t =4.113, P ＜0.001)、空腹血糖( t =2.648, P ＜0.05)、胆固醇( t =2.112, P ＜0.05)等指标均高于阴性组。logistic回归显示,工作中的体力强度（ OR =1.206,95% CI :1.034~1.406）、经常请客应酬（ OR =1.161,95% CI :1.015~1.329）、吸烟史（ OR =1.236,95% CI :1.124~1.359）、体质指数（BMI）（ OR =1.026,95% CI :1.003~1.050）、空腹血糖（ OR =1.084,95% CI :1.012~1.161）是HP感染的危险因素,60~65岁年龄组（ OR =0.520,95% CI :0.332~0.814）、常吃水果（ OR =0.902,95% CI :0.818~0.994）是HP感染的保护因素。结论 上海职业体检人群HP阳性率24.6%明显低于我国平均水平;HP感染与生活方式存在密切联系。     

Social and geographical risk factors in Helicobacter pylori infection.

A correlation between childhood crowding and the later development of gastric cancer has been demonstrated by Barker and colleagues, who proposed that the relationship was the consequence of infection by an organism such as Helicobacter pylori. In order to test this hypothesis the presence of IgG antibodies to H. pylori in sera from blood donors in North Wales has been investigated. During donation sessions, donors answered questions relating to social conditions and domicile in childhood (at age 10 years) and adult life (the preceding 2 years). A stepwise logistic regression analysis of the data demonstrated significant independent relationships between seropositivity and the following factors: sharing a bed in childhood, housing density, locality of birth, adult social class and age.     

Risk factors for Helicobacter pylori infection among a rural population in Japan: relation to living environment and medical history

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori infection is related to several gastroduodenal diseases, though the route of transmission remains unclear. METHODS: A cross-sectional study that included 695 healthy people (males 308, females 387; median age 60 years) participating in a health checkup program in Yamagata Prefecture was conducted. H. pylori status was determined in all subjects by evaluation of serum anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G antibody. Antibody against hepatitis A virus was used as a marker of fecal-oral exposure to assess the agreement between H. pylori infection and hepatitis A virus infection. Data on other factors known or suspected to be related to infection status were also collected using a questionnaire. RESULTS: Seroprevalence of H. pylori and hepatitis A virus was 60% and 70%, respectively. Kappa values for subjects aged 20-49 and aged 50 or older were 0.07 and 0.02, respectively, and agreement between the presences of both infections was assessed as slight. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, H. pylori infection was significantly associated with availability of a sewage system in childhood (presence [reference], absence [odds ratio (OR) = 4.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36-13.94]) and the number of gastrointestinal endoscopies undergone (none [reference], once [OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 0.83-3.27], 2-3 times [OR = 3.11, 95% CI: 1.65-5.99], or 4 or more times [OR = 3.18, 95% CI: 1.71-6.03]), (p < 0.01 for trend). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that poor hygiene in childhood is related to H. pylori infection. The fecal-oral route does not seem to be an important mode of transmission, but the possibility of transmission by gastrointestinal endoscopic examination exists.     

北京市平谷区体检人群幽门螺杆菌感染状况及相关因素研究

目的 探讨北京市平谷区健康体检人群幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染状况及影响因素。方法 选取2019年1月至2021年12月北京市平谷区某医院健康体检者作为研究对象,统计该人群Hp感染情况,并采用单、多因素分析方法对Hp感染影响因素进行分析。结果 本研究纳入9 286名健康体检者,共检出Hp感染3 158例,占34.01%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,男性（OR=1.163）、饮酒（OR=2.667）、在外就餐（OR=2.866）、辛辣食品（OR=3.887）、腌制食品（OR=5.283）、外卖食品（OR=2.719）、家庭成员Hp感染（OR=4.825）、消化系统病史（OR=2.552）、坚持使用公筷（OR=0.229）、知晓Hp知识（OR=0.338）是北京市平谷区健康体检人群Hp感染的影响因素。结论北京市平谷区健康体检人群Hp感染率低于全国平均水平,与饮酒、在外就餐、不良饮食习惯及家庭成员Hp感染等因素密切相关;可通过改变不良生活方式和饮食习惯制定预防措施,掌握预防Hp相关健康知识可有效减少及避免Hp感染。     

Socioeconomic factors in Helicobacter pylori infection among Danish adults.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship between housing conditions, educational level, occupational factors, and serologically diagnosed acute and chronic Helicobacter pylori infection. METHODS: Immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M serum antibodies against H. pylori were measured in 3589 Danish adults who participated in a population study. RESULTS: Low socioeconomic status (odds ratio [OR] = 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.7, 3.0), short duration of schooling (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.3, 2.5), lack of training/education (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.2, 1.7]), unskilled work (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.2, 2.5), and high work-related energy expenditure (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1, 1.9) increased the likelihood of chronic H. pylori infection. Infection was frequent in people who had lived abroad. Increased levels solely of immunoglobulin M antibodies were found more often in people who were divorced (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.2, 4.4) or unmarried (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.1, 3.8) or who worked long hours (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.1, 4.0). CONCLUSIONS: Educational and occupational factors relate to the likelihood of chronic H. pylori infection in adults. The rate of acute infection is high in single individuals.     

Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with lifestyle, chronic disease, body-indices, and age at menarche in Danish adults

This study examines the association between lifestyle factors, chronic disease, body-indices, and the seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Danish adults. The relationship between age at menarche and H. pylori infection is also assessed. A random sample of 3,608 Danish adults completed a questionnaire about lifestyle factors (smoking habits, alcohol consumption, and coffee and tea intake), doctor diagnosed chronic diseases (heart conditions, diabetes, chronic bronchitis, and hypertension), menarche, and socio-demographic factors. A total of 2,913 participants were eligible for the present study. Electrocardiographs were recorded and blood pressure and serum lipid levels (HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and cholesterol) were measured. Height and weight were determined and body mass index (BMI) calculated. Sera were analysed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of H. pylori specific IgG antibodies. The seroprevalence of H. pylori infection was associated with weekly alcohol intake > or = 6 drinks (odds ratio 0.7, 95% confidence interval 0.6-0.9) due to a low rate of H. pylori infection among wine drinkers (odds ratio 0.6, 95% confidence interval 0.5-0.7). No associations were found with smoking habits or serum lipids. People with upper quartile BMI (> or = 26.8 kg/m2) were more likely to be seropositive for antibodies to H. pylori (odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.1-2.4). Chronic bronchitis (odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.1-2.5) and unspecified heart condition (odds ratio 2.0, 95% confidence interval 1.1-3.3) was more often seen in IgG seropositive women than in uninfected women. The likelihood of being seropositive for IgG antibodies to H. pylori increased with age at menarche (odds ratio per year 1.10, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.19). Previously reported associations with age and socioeconomic status were confirmed. We conclude that wine drinking is associated with lower rates of H. pylori infection in Danish adults. The seroprevalence of H. pylori infection is increased in people with high BMI. H. pylori infection may relate to a history of late menarche and chronic bronchitis in Danish women.     

An investigation into factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infection

This study aims to estimate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Glasgow, and to provide a systematic analysis of factors associated with this prevalence. The data used are from a random population sample of 793 men and 838 women aged 25-64 years conducted in 1995. The prevalence is estimated to be 66% (95% confidence interval: 63-68%); a level that is more typical of developing countries. Prevalence increases with age and social deprivation (P<0.0001) and is slightly higher in men than women (P = 0.07). After adjustment for age, social class, and sex group, H. pylori prevalence increases with increased cotinine (tobacco consumption) (P = 0.0005), increased number of siblings (P<0.0001), and decreased height (P = 0.03). Prevalence of coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes and intermittent claudication, alcohol consumption, fibrinogen, total serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, marital status, systolic and diastolic blood pressure had no independent association. The infection seems to be spread more readily in deprived, relatively crowded living conditions in childhood. The independent relationship with smoking suggests a possible second source of spread of infection in later years. The high degree of social deprivation in Glasgow is suggested as a major explanation of the high H. pylori prevalence found there.     

体检人群幽门螺杆菌感染状况及影响因素分析

目的 探讨体检人群幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染状况,分析其影响因素,为制定Hp感染防护措施提供依据。方法 采用简单随机抽样方法对2018年6月至2019年5月期间在北京市某医院体检中心进行健康体检人群进行抽样,对抽中的人群进行问卷调查、尿素[¹³C]散剂呼气试验和血生化指标检测。采用描述流行病学分析方法对该人群Hp感染情况进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对Hp感染影响因素进行分析。结果 本研究共对 1 058名体检人群进行调查,调查人群中男女性别比为1∶0.9,年龄以30~59岁为主,占45.94%,文化程度以高中/中专为主,占38.00%。检出Hp阳性者338例,阳性率为31.95%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄越大（OR=3.097）、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）异常（OR=3.662）、有饮酒习惯（OR=4.484）者Hp阳性风险越大,Hp知识认知水平高者（OR=0.163）Hp阳性检出风险越小。结论 该体检人群Hp阳性检出率较高,年龄、饮酒行为、Hp知识水平、Hcy异常等与Hp感染有关,应根据人群感染特征制定相应防护措施,降低Hp感染风险。     

中国幽门螺杆菌感染流行病学Meta分析

目的：综合分析中国幽门螺杆菌(Hp)流行状况。方法：采用Meta分析对中国1990—2002年发表的有关Hp流行病学文献进行汇总、归纳和统计学分析。结果：共检索3564篇文献，Hp感染在我国分布广泛，平均感染率为58．07％，10—20岁组已达50％以上，Hp感染呈现明显的家庭聚集性。Hp是胃肠疾病发生的危险因素。结论：中国为Hp高感染率地区，家庭内传播可能是Hp感染的主要途径。Hp感染与胃部疾病有关联性，开展Hp感染和相关疾病的防治意义重大。     

Environmental risk factors affecting transmission of Helicobacter pylori infection in Egypt

Background

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection varies remarkably between and within populations suggesting the role of socioeconomic-related environmental factors.

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of H. pylori among the studied population, to explore the effect of some environmental risk factors and lifestyle on the transmission of infection, and to study the association between this H. pylori bacterium and various noncontagious diseases.

Method

This cross-sectional study was conducted over 6 months in two Egyptian health clinics. Two hundred apparently healthy individuals from rural (Unshass) and urban (Nasr City) areas voluntarily participated in this study. A full detailed clinical assessment in the form of a questionnaire was designed for each individual to determine risk factors with specific emphasis on age, sex, and residence. The seroprevalence of H. pylori IgG antibodies was evaluated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

In the urban group 28 subjects (28%) were H. pylori positive versus 54 subjects (54%) in the rural group. A significant relationship between H. pylori and poor sanitary conditions was detected; there was an association between H. pylori prevalence and gastric diseases, hepatic diseases, and hyperglycemia suggesting diabetes.

Conclusion

H. pylori infection was nearly twice as high in the rural group than in the urban one.     

武汉市公务员幽门螺杆菌感染及其相关因素调查分析

目的 调查武汉地区公务员的幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染情况,对其相关因素进行评价,并探讨防治幽门螺杆菌感染的对策.方法 选择2012年湖北省新华医院体检中心健康体检的武汉地区公务员2975人作为调查对象,使用14C呼吸试验检测该人群Hp感染率,其检查值＞100为阳性,＜100为阴性,并调查分析Hp感染特征和影响因素.结果 武汉地区公务员Hp感染率平均为42.38％,46～59岁组女性最高,为46.05％;＞75岁老年组男性最低,为38.38％;31～45岁组偏高,＞75岁组偏低;46～59岁组、60～74岁组接近平均水平,各年龄组感染率差异有统计学意义,而年龄、性别组间差异均无统计学意义;家庭及个人生活习惯与Hp感染有显著相关性,其中生食蔬菜、水果未洗等是Hp感染的危险因素;分析Hp感染与胃病史及治疗的关系发现,有胃病无治疗组的Hp感染率高于无胃病组,而有胃病已治疗组的Hp感染率最低,差异有统计学意义.结论 武汉地区公务员的Hp感染率明显低于我国平均的Hp感染率,Hp感染率与性别、年龄无相关性,生活和饮食习惯及胃病史为影响其感染的主要因素;健康体检人群中Hp感染较为常见,应引起足够重视,对体检人群进行Hp感染的健康管理至关重要.     

幽门螺杆菌感染相关因素的研究进展

幽门螺杆菌（HP）是革兰阴性微需氧的螺旋样杆菌,主要通过口-口途径在人-人之间感染传播。HP的发现加深了人类对慢性感染、炎症和癌症之间关系的认识。其特定的螺旋形体型、鞭毛及动力、尿素酶和黏附素活性,以及细胞毒素基因A（cagA）、空泡细胞毒素基因A（vacA）等是影响HP感染研究较多的相关致病因素。HP感染在胃癌的发生、发展中可能具有重要作用,但尚未确切证实HP感染是导致胃癌的主因。文章概述了HP感染相关致病因素的研究进展。     

Helicobacter pylori infection in children: prevalence, diagnosis and treatment outcome

The clinical significance of Helicobacter pylori infection in children remains largely unknown. The rate of acquisition at different ages has not been ascertained using reliable tests on gastric biopsies. We determined prospectively the prevalence of H. pylori infection in children and its association with gastroduodenal disease. We evaluated 240 children undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for H. pylori infection by rapid urease test, culture, ureA PCR and histopathology. Group I constituted 58 children with upper abdominal pain (UAP) and group II (controls) of 182 children without UAP who underwent diagnostic or therapeutic endoscopy for other reasons. Helicobacter pylori-positive children with UAP received anti-H. pylori therapy. Helicobacter pylori infection was significantly higher in children with UAP than controls (53.4% vs. 28%; P<0.001) and overall prevalence increased with age. On follow-up endoscopy, H. pylori had been eradicated from 82% of children with UAP; it was eradicated from the remaining 18% after a second regimen. Treated H. pylori-positive children with UAP remained symptom-free for a median of 25 months. Control children remained chronically H. pylori infected. Chronic inflammation was present in all infected children, and active inflammation in 48.8%. The study shows H. pylori infection increases with age and is strongly linked to UAP in children.     

Children Helicobacter pylori infection: antibiogram results

Helicobacter pylori infection is frequent in children. The eradication rate is variable, it is influenced by resistance of the bacteria to the antibiotics used. The aim of this study was to determine the resistance rate of the most commonly used antibiotics among helicobacter pylori (Hp) strains isolated in infected children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 60 children (26 males, 34 females), with mean age of 8 years 8 months (3 years and 2 month (2.5-13.5 years) underwent an oesogastroscopy. Forty six of them had helicobacter infection assessed by the presence of Hp on the gastric biopsy and or positivity of urease test. The infected children were treated with three medication; Omeprazole. Clarythromycin, and Amoxicillin. The eradication of Hp was confirmed in 13 patients by the absence of Hp on the gastric biopsy and/or negativation of the urease test; RESULTS: Culture was positive in 13 infected children susceptibility to anti microbial drugs was done in ten children. Nine children had primary metronidazole resistance, three had both clarythromycin and Metronidazole resistance, three had Clarythromycin primary resistance. No case of Amoxicillin primary resistance was detected. Children eradication was achieved in four children among 13 children. This study shows the difficulty of Hp culture. It confirms the absence of Hp resistance to Amoxicilline. the high level of Hp resistance to Metronidazole and the mild level of Clarythromycin resistance. The authors stress the importance of Antibiotic susceptibility assay in helicobacter pylori infections.     

Incidence of laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis by demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors

The authors investigated the relations of demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors with endometriosis in the Nurses' Health Study II prospective cohort. During 10 years of follow-up (1989-1999), 1,721 cases of laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis were reported among women with no past infertility. The incidence rate was greatest among women aged 25-29 years and lowest among women over 44 years (p(trend) < 0.0001). In multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, African-American women had a lower rate of disease compared with Caucasian women (rate ratio = 0.6, 95% confidence interval: 0.4, 0.9). The authors also observed an inverse relation with body mass index at age 18 years (for body mass index of >30 vs. 19-20.4 kg/m(2): rate ratio = 0.8, 95% confidence interval: 0.6, 1.1; p(trend) = 0.004) and with current alcohol intake (for >10 vs. 0 g/day: rate ratio = 0.7, 95% confidence interval: 0.6, 0.8; p(trend) < 0.0001) but no association with height, waist/hip ratio, or caffeine intake. An inverse relation with current body mass index and current cigarette smoking was observed only when cases were concurrently infertile. The authors conclude that age, race, body mass index, alcohol use, and cigarette smoking are associated with the incidence of endometriosis and that some of these relations may differ by infertility status at the time of laparoscopic diagnosis.     

幽门螺杆菌感染及炎症因子与动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的关系

目的探究幽门螺杆菌感染及炎症因子与动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死及腔隙性脑梗死的关系,为临床治疗提供依据。方法选取2011年11月-2014年4月医院收治的动脉粥样硬化脑梗死(Ⅰ组)、腔隙性脑梗死(Ⅱ组)以及身体状况健康的正常人群(Ⅲ组)各120例;使用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)对3组患者的血清白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)以及幽门螺杆菌抗体进行检测,并对结果进行分析;采用SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析。结果Ⅰ组患者HP感染率显著高于其他两组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ⅰ组患者的IL-8及CRP均高于其他两组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Hp与动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死呈正相关(r=0.610,P<0.05),与腔隙性脑梗死无相关性(r=0.24,P>0.05),患者患有动脉粥样硬化脑梗死后,其体内的IL-8、CRP的含量均明显的升高,与这两者呈正相关(r=0.583、r=0.621,P<0.01)。结论动脉粥样硬化脑梗死的发病与幽门螺杆菌是否感染有关,患者患有动脉粥样硬化脑梗死后,其体内的IL-8与CRP的含量均有明显的升高。