青岛市市南区小学教师对学龄儿童外伤全脱出牙应急处理的认知水平调查

目的了解青岛市市南区小学教师对学龄儿童外伤全脱出牙应急处理的认知水平现状。 方法2019年3—4月,利用青岛市第一次口腔流行病学调查的机会,采用分层随机抽样的方法,抽取青岛市市南区12所小学597名小学教师,对其进行问卷调查,应用卡方检验对结果进行统计分析。 结果本调查共回收有效问卷540份,85.9%教师为女性,15.2%的教师接受过牙外伤相关教育,89.6%的教师没有见过外伤全脱出牙。15.2%的教师知道全脱出牙齿的正确紧急处理方式;对全脱出牙采用良好保存介质的教师,58.7%选择0.9%氯化钠溶液,8.3%选择牛奶,6.3%选择含在孩子口中;关于全脱出牙的就诊时间,认为应该即刻就诊的教师人数比例为56.5%。86.9%的教师问卷得分低于4。不同教龄教师间问卷得分差异有统计学意义（χ² = 9.445,P = 0.002）,是否接受过牙外伤教育的教师间问卷得分差异也有统计学意义（χ² = 13.148,P<0.001）。 结论青岛市市南区小学教师对学龄儿童外伤全脱出牙应急处理认知水平不高,应加强小学教师牙外伤知识的宣教。     

基于风险评估的6岁儿童龋病分级管理临床效果评价

目的基于风险评估对上海6岁儿童进行龋病分级管理,并评价临床效果。 方法2018年在上海采用随机整群抽样的方法,抽取城郊4个区19所学校2127名儿童参与调查,按学校随机整群分为试验组和对照组。参照美国儿童牙科学会（AAPD）提出的龋病风险评估指南（CAT）,评估所有参与研究儿童的患龋风险等级,得到基线。试验组儿童根据高、中、低患龋风险等级,按照CAT中相对应的干预措施实施龋病分级管理。对照组儿童按照上海市基本口腔公共卫生服务项目管理。采用EpiData3.1软件建立数据库,应用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计分析。采用卡方检验的方法分析干预1年前后的患龋情况及新发龋发病状况。采用多因素Logistic一般线性回归分析的方法建立回归模型,分析比较试验组和对照组儿童的龋病相关影响因素。 结果共1691名儿童参与了2019年复查,失访率为20.50%。去除部分无效问卷后,最终获得有效口腔检查表与问卷调查表的儿童共1655名,其中试验组826人、对照组829人。2018年参与研究儿童总患龋率为62.25%,干预1年后,总患龋率升高至68.22%,其中试验组儿童患龋率的升高程度低于对照组。试验组儿童干预1年后患龋风险等级升高比例远低于对照组儿童。试验组和对照组儿童的新发龋发病率分别为37.6%、47.6%,差异有统计学意义（χ² = 16.954,P = 0.000）。每天三餐之外进食含糖零食或饮料的频率（P_对照 = 0.031,OR_对照 = 0.573;P_试验 = 0.002,OR_试验 = 0.471）、晚上睡前吃甜点或喝甜饮料的频率（P_对照 = 0.043,OR_对照 = 0.708;P_试验 = 0.026,OR_试验 = 0.706）、每天刷牙次数（P_对照 = 0.000,OR_对照 = 0.456;P_试验 = 0.000,OR_试验 = 0.178）是试验组和对照组儿童共同的龋病相关危险因素。对照组儿童的龋病相关危险因素还包括孩子开始刷牙的年龄（P = 0.037,OR = 0.380）,开始刷牙年龄越小,患龋可能性越低。局部涂氟为试验组儿童的龋病保护性因素（P = 0.000,OR = 0.554）。 结论基于风险评估的龋病分级管理能有效降低上海6岁儿童患龋状况,值得推广。     

儿童口腔医生使用局部麻醉的现状调查

目的了解儿童口腔医生使用局部麻醉的相关情况。 方法对2018年9月至2019年2月随机抽取来自全国不同地区、不同学历及工作情况的527名儿童口腔医生关于局部麻醉使用情况进行问卷调查,并对影响局部麻醉注射技术选择的相关因素进行Fisher精确检验分析。 结果共发放问卷527份,共回收有效问卷449份。449名样本人群中,阿替卡因使用率[50.78%（228/449）]显著高于甲哌卡因[26.06%（117/449）]和利多卡因[22.05%（99/449）]。医生局部麻醉注射技术的选择与学历（χ² = 10.867,P = 0.045）及其从事儿童口腔诊疗工作时间（χ² = 11.755,P = 0.029）有关。82%（367/449）医生认为下颌后牙浸润麻醉效果不佳,56%（251/449）医生选择牙周膜麻醉作为补充麻醉。6.68%（30/449）医生认为局部麻醉无并发症,93.32%（419/449）医生对并发症认知不足。 结论阿替卡因和浸润麻醉是儿童口腔临床诊疗中最常用的局部麻醉药物和局部麻醉注射技术,牙周膜麻醉作为补充麻醉使用率高,但儿童口腔医生对局部麻醉安全性认识不足,需要加强学习以促进局部麻醉安全。     

儿童口腔医生对乳牙有瘘型根尖周炎治疗方法选择的问卷调查分析

目的    基于问卷调查分析儿童口腔医生对乳牙有瘘型根尖周炎治疗方法的选择及其原因。方法    选择2020年9—10月参加上海、西安等地及其周边地区有关儿童口腔诊疗专业培训及国内儿童口腔专业学术会议的来自全国各地的儿童口腔医生448名，通过调查问卷分析儿童口腔医生性别、工作单位、工作时间、学历等对乳牙有瘘型根尖周炎治疗方法选择的影响。结果    本次调查共发放问卷448份，回收有效问卷374份，问卷有效率为83.48%。其中，有276名（73.8%）儿童口腔医生选择根管治疗术，98名（26.2%）儿童口腔医生选择牙拔除术。不同性别儿童口腔医生对于治疗方法的选择差异无统计学意义（χ2 = 0.0001，P = 0.987）；而不同工作单位、工作时间及学历的儿童口腔医生选择治疗方法的差异均具有统计学意义（χ2值分别为14.009、10.538、11.194，均P < 0.05）。选择根管治疗术的276名儿童口腔医生中，79.71%的医生认为通过根管治疗可消除感染，延长患牙保存时间；81.16%的医生会选择多次法根管治疗；选择Vitapex糊剂的医生（53.99%）明显多于选择抗生素糊剂（25.36%）和氧化锌丁香油糊剂（20.65%）的医生；36.23%的儿童口腔医生对于乳牙有瘘型根尖周炎对继承恒牙的影响认识不足。结论    国内儿童口腔医生受到工作单位、工作时间及学历的影响，对于乳牙有瘘型根尖周炎的治疗方法的选择有所差异。部分医生对于乳牙根尖周炎对继承恒牙的影响认识不足，需要加强学习。     

西吡氯铵含片治疗口腔念珠菌病临床疗效观察

目的探讨西吡氯铵含片单独或联用碳酸氢钠含漱液治疗口腔念珠菌病的临床疗效。 方法选取经临床及实验室检查确诊为红斑型或伪膜型口腔念珠菌病的患者,采用单中心、平行对照随机分为3组：（1）实验1组为西吡氯铵含片组;（2）实验2组为西吡氯铵含片+2.5%碳酸氢钠含漱组;（3）对照组为2.5%碳酸氢钠含漱组。分别于初诊与治疗2周后复诊时记录患者口干、疼痛、红斑或伪膜的程度以及念珠菌培养数量。采用SPSS 20.0统计软件对计量资料进行配对样本t检验、配对样本秩和检验,对计数资料进行卡方检验,检验水准α= 0.05。 结果本研究共纳入73例口腔念珠菌病患者,其中实验1组25例、实验2组24例、对照组24例。经治疗3组均能改善口腔念珠菌病的临床表现及减少念珠菌培养数量;3组对口干改善的总有效率分别为85%、80%、84.2%,各组间差异无统计学意义（P= 0.711）;3组对疼痛改善的总有效率分别为90.9%、95.2%、95.2%,各组间差异无统计学意义（P= 0.880）;3组对红斑或伪膜改善的总有效率分别为88%、95.8%、50%,2个实验组对红斑或伪膜的改善效果均优于对照组（χ²_1组= 10.091,P_1组= 0.001;χ²_2组= 13.819,P_2组<0.001）,且2个实验组对红斑或伪膜的改善效果差异无统计学意义（P= 0.546）;3组对念珠菌清除的总有效率分别为80%、91.7%、79.2%,实验2组对念珠菌的清除效果分别优于实验1组与对照组（χ²_1组= 6.026,P_1组= 0.014;χ²_对照组= 5.147,P_对照组= 0.023）,实验1组与对照组对念珠菌清除效果差异无统计学意义（P= 0.992）。 结论西吡氯铵含片能够有效治疗红斑或伪膜型口腔念珠菌病,西吡氯铵含片联合碳酸氢钠含漱液对口腔念珠菌病的抗念珠菌效果更优。     

佛山市禅城区小学生家长对儿童牙外伤认知的调查

目的 了解佛山市禅城区小学生家长对儿童牙外伤的认知程度,为牙外伤健康教育提供依据.方法 采用随机抽样方法 ,对禅城区5所小学共320名小学生家长进行关于儿童前牙外伤处理方法 的问卷调查,并采用卡方检验对数据进行统计分析.结果 调查显示有40.6%的家长未能正确判断9岁儿童受外伤的门牙为恒牙;66.2%的家长不能正确回答对全脱位牙的处理方法 ;72.2%的家长不知道如何保存全脱位牙;95.6%的家长认为需要学习更多的牙外伤应急处理的知识.结论 佛山市禅城区小学生家长对儿童牙外伤(脱位)的认知程度低,相关的健康教育活动中需要注意提高人群对牙外伤(脱位)的认知能力和应急处理能力.     

改良迷你临床演练方法在口腔正畸科考核中的初步应用

目的探讨将Tweed分析法与迷你临床演练（Mini-CEX）相结合,建立适用于口腔正畸专科的临床考核方案的效果。 方法通过将Mini-CEX方法与正畸学Tweed分析表进行结合,并补充细化评分表,从而建立了一种新型口腔正畸学教学考核方法,称为改良Mini-CEX考核。于2019年9月,从上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院口腔正畸科随机选取6名在培口腔专科培训医师作为考生,对考生进行改良Mini-CEX考核,由5名正畸专家对其表现进行打分。应用SPSS 21.0软件对打分结果进行统计,计算肯德尔和谐系数（W）并进行显著性检验。 结果不同考官在评价同一考生时,考官间的打分具有显著的一致性（W₁ = 0.742,P₁ = 0.001;W₂ = 0.666,P₂ = 0.003;W₃ = 0.720,P₃ = 0.001;W₄ = 0.628,P₄ = 0.004;W₅ = 0.555,P₅ = 0.011;W₆ = 0.330,P₆ = 0.1293）。在医疗面谈、体格检查、临床判断、卫生教育、组织效能和整体表现6项,打分具有显著的一致性（W₁ = 0.620,P₁ = 0.008;W₂ = 0.588,P₂ = 0.012;W₃ = 0.885,P₃<0.001;W₄ = 0.625,P₄ = 0.008;W₅ = 0.835,P₅ = 0.001;W₆ = 0.930,P₆<0.001）,仅人文关怀一项未通过一致性检验（W = 0.147,P = 0.598）。 结论改良Mini-CEX具有标准程序,建立明确的得分细节,可以考核全面、获得公正客观,在不同考官间具有良好一致性,适用于当前口腔正畸学的考核与评价。     

氟化物涂膜预防农村地区儿童未建 第一恒磨牙龋

目的探讨氟化物涂膜在预防农村地区儿童未建 第一恒磨牙龋病中的临床效果。 方法运用简单随机抽样方法选取广州市花都区农村地区6~7岁一年级儿童476人,共1462颗未建 第一恒磨牙纳入研究。试验组(n=212,697颗磨牙)两年内每半年予1次牙面涂布氟化物涂膜(多乐氟?),共计5次。对照组(n=264,765颗磨牙)牙面不做涂氟处理。试验开始后每半年复查两组儿童的龋病发病情况。 结果6个月后两组儿童第一恒磨牙龋病发病率、龋面均之间差异无统计学意义(P_发病率=1.000;t_龋面均=0.005,P_龋面均=0.996)。12个月后两组儿童第一恒磨牙龋病发病率、龋面均之间差异无统计学意义(χ²_发病率=1.489,P_发病率=0.222;t_龋面均=1.417,P_龋面均=0.157)。24个月后两组儿童第一恒磨牙龋病发病率、龋面均之间的差异扩大且差异均具有统计学意义(χ²_发病率=11.645,P_发病率=0.001;t_龋面均=3.408,P_龋面均=0.001)。 结论氟化物涂膜能够有效预防农村地区儿童未建 第一恒磨牙龋的发生,值得临床推广应用。     

上海市12岁儿童家长对外伤全脱位牙应急处理认知的调查

目的：调查分析上海市12岁儿童家长对外伤全脱位牙应急处理的认知水平,为相关的健康教育项目的设计和实施提供依据。方法：采用分层等容随机抽样方法,抽取上海六个区,每个区随机抽取2所中学,每所学校随机抽取50名12岁儿童,共对548名儿童家长进行问卷调查。应用SPSS16.0软件包进行卡方检验。结果：3.28%家长的孩子发生过全脱位牙外伤,10.58%的家长采取即刻牙再植的全脱位牙应急措施,只有6.75%的家长选择牛奶作为全脱位牙的储存介质,38.87%的家长选择外伤全脱位牙最佳治疗时间是即刻,87.96%的家长从没有接触过牙外伤的急救知识。结论：上海市12岁儿童家长对外伤全脱位牙认知水平较低,应加强对家长的牙外伤健康教育,以促进提高家长对外伤全脱位牙的应急处理能力。     

口腔预防医学课程思政的实践与教学思考

目的探讨课程思政教学模式在口腔预防医学理论课教学中的应用。 方法2021年4月，选取中山大学光华口腔医学院2017级本科生4个班，其中一班、二班共61人，三班、四班共49人。将一、二班作为实验组，在其专业课授课中融入思政元素；将三、四班作为对照组，按照教学大纲内容对其进行专业知识传授。授课内容为口腔预防医学理论课中的口腔健康促进、社区口腔卫生服务章节。采用问卷调查学生对教学效果的评价。采用Cronbach′s α系数法对问卷信度进行分析，采用探索性因子对问卷效度进行分析。采用卡方检验对两组的教学效果进行分析。 结果与传统授课组相比，实验组认为有必要实施课程思政（89.83% vs. 77.55%；χ² = 3.043，P = 0.081），该章节学习老师设计了思政育人的融入点（93.22% vs. 89.80%；χ² = 0.085，P = 0.771），融入的思政元素引出自然（86.44% vs. 83.67%；χ² = 0.162，P = 0.687），融入的思政元素能引起共鸣（84.75% vs. 71.43%；χ² = 2.832，P = 0.092），对融入思政元素的教学效果满意（84.75% vs. 71.43%；χ² = 2.832，P = 0.092）。 结论课程思政教学模式对口腔预防医学理论课教学效果具有促进作用。     

Effects on permanent teeth after luxation injuries to the primary predecessors: a study in children assisted at an emergency service

Abstract – Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the developmental disturbances in permanent teeth as a result of luxation injuries in the primary teeth predecessors. Materials and methods: A total of 5330 records, corresponding to 10 years attendance at the Emergency Center of Baby Clinic, Londrina State University, Brazil, were analyzed. Three hundred and eighty nine children were involved in this study, totaling 620 traumatized primary teeth. Clinical and radiographic examinations were carried out in the permanent successor teeth. Results: In total, 623 permanent teeth were examined and developmental disturbances were detected in 126 teeth (20.2%). The white or yellow‐brown discoloration of enamel was the clinical disturbance most observed (78.0%) and the crown alteration most detected through radiographic analysis was hypoplasia (86.0%). Root alterations were rare; root dilaceration was observed in only one case. The age of the children when their primary teeth received damage varied between 6 and 36 months (P = 0.000325). Intrusive luxation and avulsion were related with most of the cases of sequelae in the successor permanent teeth (P = 0.000001). Conclusion: The results of the present investigation emphasize the special attention required for children who suffered dental trauma at an early age, especially in cases of intrusive luxation and avulsion.     

Root resorption in dental trauma: 45 cases followed for 5 years

Abstract –  We aimed to: (i) study the prevalence of root resorption after luxation or avulsion injuries on permanent teeth referred to our dental clinic over a 3-year period; (ii) study the relationship between type of injury and resultant type of resorption complication; and (iii) evaluate success of treatment protocols for various resorption complications. We observed 1943 patients with dental trauma, aged between 2 and 26 years, referred to the Accident and Emergency Department of the Dental Clinic, University of Brescia, from 1st September 1997 to 31st December 2001. Of these, 261 permanent teeth had sustained luxation ( n  = 188) or avulsion ( n  = 73) injuries. Permanent teeth luxation and avulsion injuries occurred most often in upper incisors (75%) of patients mostly aged 12–21 years, with males more commonly affected than females (68.3% vs. 31.7%). These cases were followed for 5 years, and complications and response to treatment were recorded. Root resorption was observed in 45 (17.24%) of these cases. Of the 45 cases with resorption, 9 were associated with luxation injury (20%) while 36 (80%) with avulsion. We distinguished 30 cases of inflammatory root resorption (18 transient and 12 progressive) and 15 cases of ankylosis and osseous replacement. When resorption was recognized, quick and effective treatment could still result in an excellent functional and aesthetic outcome for these teeth.     

乙醇诱导舌鳞状细胞癌上皮细胞间质转化

目的探讨乙醇对舌鳞状细胞癌（TSCC）细胞上皮间质转化的影响。 方法乙醇诱导TSCC细胞株SCC9和SCC15,倒置显微镜下观察处理前后细胞形态及排列情况;Wound healing和Transwell实验检测乙醇处理前后细胞迁移和侵袭能力;Western blot和免疫荧光检测E-cadherin和Vimentin表达情况。数据分析采用SPSS 19.0统计软件,计数资料之间比较采用卡方检验,E-cadherin和Vimentin蛋白表达变化采用单因素方差分析。 结果倒置显微镜下可见乙醇诱导后的SCC9和SCC15细胞由上皮细胞形态向间质细胞形态转化,细胞失去极性和紧密连接,由多边形、铺路石样转变为类似成纤维细胞样形态,细胞呈梭形,部分伸出伪足,细胞间隙增宽甚至丧失,排列较为杂乱、松散;Wound healing实验中,乙醇处理后的SCC9和SCC15细胞划痕愈合更快,迁移能力明显增强（χ²_{SCC9,24 h}= 15.668,P_{SCC9,24 h}= 0.001;χ²_{SCC15,24 h}= 4.703,P_{SCC15,24 h}= 0.028;χ²_{SCC9,48 h}= 3.391,P_{SCC9,48 h}= 0.042;χ²_{SCC15,48 h}= 2.386,P_{SCC15,48 h}= 0.136）;Transwell实验则证实乙醇处理后的SCC9和SCC15细胞的侵袭能力明显增强,SCC9相对侵袭率为384.24%（χ²= 26.917,P<0.001）,SCC15相对侵袭率为428.49%（χ²= 32.880,P<0.001）;Western blot和免疫荧光结果显示乙醇诱导后SCC9和SCC15细胞E-cadherin表达下调（F= 131.533,P_SCC9<0.001,P_SCC15= 0.001）,Vimentin表达上调（F= 355.388,P_SCC9<0.001,P_SCC15<0.001）。 结论乙醇可诱导TSCC细胞发生上皮间质转化,促进其侵袭和迁移。     

Knowledge of emergency management of avulsed teeth: a survey of dentists in Beijing,China

Abstract – Objectives: There is a high frequency of dental trauma cases in China, where tooth avulsion is one of the most serious scenarios. The knowledge of how to take care of an avulsion is of great importance to the outcome of such an injury. This knowledge among dentists in Beijing, China has never been tested before. The purpose of this study was to evaluate professional experience and knowledge of emergency management of dentists working in urban and suburban areas of Beijing, China. Material and Methods: A two‐part questionnaire was distributed to 175 urban and 99 suburban dentists in Beijing. The first part contained personal and professional information of the participating dentists. The second part evaluated dentists’ knowledge about the emergency management of avulsed teeth. Data were entered into a SPSS database and analyzed using the chi‐square test and Fisher’s exact test for each question. Results: All dentists had a college or above degree. Almost five times as many urban dentists compared to suburban dentists presented with a Master or PhD degree. The knowledge levels of the participants presenting with correct answer in the respective knowledge areas were; storage medium (15.8%) intra‐canal medication (45.0%), type of splint (45.1%) and splinting period (10.2%). Significantly more urban dentists (50.6%) compared to suburban dentists (34.8%) (P = 0.016), used calcium hydroxide paste as an intracanal medicament, and significantly more urban dentists (51.3%) than suburban dentists (34.1%) chosed a flexible splint (P = 0.008). Conclusion: The results revealed an uneven pattern of knowledge between urban and suburban dentists regarding the emergency management of avulsed teeth. The study highlighted Chinese dentists’ need for continuing education in order to improve current knowledge in emergency management of avulsed teeth.     

Type of treatment, prognosis, and estimation of time spent to manage dental trauma in late presentation cases at a dental teaching hospital: a longitudinal and retrospective study

Abstract – Traumatic dental injuries are emergencies that must be treated promptly and properly in order to reduce the suffering, costs, and time for patients, parents, and health care providers. The aim of this study was to investigate the treatment, long‐term prognosis, and number of visits needed to manage cases resulting from complications of late presentation of traumatic dental injuries. The sample consisted of 195 children, all presented with complications of dental trauma at the Pediatric Dentistry Clinics in the Dental Teaching Hospital of Jordan University of Science and Technology in Irbid city, Jordan. Retrospective data relied on trauma forms as well the clinical notes and radiographs in the patients' records. Prospective data was collected by examining patients at recall appointments. The treatment of traumatized teeth in this sample ranged from no active treatment to extraction and prosthetic replacement. It was estimated that the number of visits needed to carry out the planned treatment for these patients ranged between 3 and 17.2 visits according to the type of treatment. Apexification procedure was the most time consuming. Thirty‐two per cent of teeth with apexification ended up with root fracture mainly subsequent to another minor trauma episode (in 85%), the rest were reported to be spontaneous fractures. Almost half of the teeth with luxation injuries became necrotic after 3 years. Teeth with avulsion actually kept on deteriorating even at the 36‐month follow‐up appointment. The long‐term prognosis of teeth with middle root fracture was favorable in (80%) of the teeth in the sample, despite the fact that they were splinted late. Luxation injuries led to more necrotic teeth (50%) than uncomplicated crown fractures. Multiple dental trauma episodes (MDTE) were reported in about 30% of the patients in the sample and were responsible for some of the complications noticed in this report. As all cases followed up in this report are late presentation of dental trauma, the findings may emphasize and highlight predictors for healing and favorable long‐term prognosis for such injuries. This will help selecting the treatment option that would lead to better outcomes with less expense and less time consumption for dentists and patients alike. The findings of this report also stress the importance of prevention of dental trauma and minimize its complications through proper treatment, educational programs, supervision of children during play, use of mouth guards, and orthodontic treatment of proclined incisors.     

年轻恒牙脱出性损伤后牙髓预后及相关因素分析

目的 评估年轻恒牙脱出性损伤后牙髓组织的预后,分析可能影响预后的相关因素.方法 对2000年1月至2006年12月于北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院儿童口腔科就诊且资料完整、观察期≥6个月的157例(238颗牙)年轻恒牙外伤病历进行回顾性研究,记录患者性别及年龄、外伤类型、外伤牙位、牙根发育情况、外伤后就诊时间、是否接受急诊处理以及牙髓组织预后类型.应用Logistic回归模型分析与牙髓预后相关的因素.结果 符合纳入标准的外伤病历共157份,外伤牙238颗,其中38颗(16.0%)出现牙髓坏死,5颗(2.1%)出现髓腔钙化,牙髓存活195颗(81.9%).挫入移位牙髓坏死发生率最高(66.7%).牙根发育情况和外伤类型与牙髓组织预后具有显著相关性(P<0.05).结论 牙齿脱出性损伤中,挫人移位最易发生牙髓坏死.牙根发育情况和外伤类型与脱出性损伤牙齿的牙髓预后具有相关性.     

Evaluation of care of dentoalveolar trauma

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate cases of dental trauma treated at the specialized center of Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, during a period of 2 years.

Material and Methods

A total of 647 patients were evaluated and treated between 2003 and 2005. Data obtained from each patient were tabulated and analyzed as to gender, age, etiology, time elapsed after the injury, diagnosis (type of trauma), and affected teeth.

Results

The results revealed that male individuals aged 7 to 13 years presented the highest prevalence of injury, and falling was the main causal factor. In most cases, the time elapsed between the accident and the first care ranged from 4 to 24 h. A total of 1,747 teeth were affected, with higher incidence of concussion/subluxation and coronal fracture, followed by lateral luxation and avulsion. The permanent maxillary central incisors were the most commonly affected teeth.

Conclusion

The frequency and causes of dentoalveolar trauma should be investigated for identification of risk groups, treatment demands and costs in order to allow for the establishment of effective preventive measures that can reduce the treatment duration and costs for both patients and oral health services.