胃食管反流病

患者：男,58岁。主诉：反酸烧心5年余。 1．病例特点介绍患者诉近5年来间断出现反酸、烧心、胸骨后不适,近期症状加重．故就诊,     

消化内科门诊胃食管反流病诊断问卷诊断胃食管反流病的状况及症状特征分析

目的利用胃食管反流病诊断问卷（Reflux disease questionnaire,RDQ）分析消化专家门诊胃食管反流病（GERD）患病情况及患者症状特征。方法对就诊于我院消化专家门诊的1636例患者进行RDQ问卷调查,得分≥12分者诊断为GERD。根据RDQ内容对GERD患者症状特点进行分析。结果1636例消化专家门诊的患者中,GERD的发生率为10．8％。男女发病无差异（11．0％VS10．5％,P〉0．05）。60岁以上年龄组GERD的患病率最高（14．6％）,而15～30岁年龄组患病率最低（7．7％）。各年龄组内患病率性别间比较差异无显著性。GERD症状中,烧心与反酸为最常见的症状。症状频率积分比严重程度积分更重要（P〈0．05）。结论消化门诊就诊患者GERD患病率较高。GERD患病无性别差异。老年人的GERD患病率高于其他年龄组。烧心和反酸为GERD最常见的症状。症状发生频率比严重程度对GERD的诊断更有意义。     

胃食管反流病的诊断及治疗——胃食管反流病的病因与发病机理

胃食管反流病 (GERD)是指胃、十二指肠内容物反流入食管 ,引起烧心、胸痛、反酸等症状 ,导致食管炎及食管外组织损伤。 GERD是一种酸相关疾病 ,研究表明 ,GERD伴有酸反流 ,但常不伴有胃酸分泌增多 ,实际上是酸的错位。目前已认识到 ,GERD是多种因素促成的上消化道动力障碍性疾病 ,是抗反流防御机制下降和反流物对食管粘膜攻击力增强的结果 ,其中食管下括约肌 (L ES)功能失调起重要作用。现将GERD的主要病因及发病机理分述如下。1　 L ES压力低下或缺乏、L ES频发松弛患者的 L ES张力低下 ,当 L ES基础压力≤ 1.3k Pa(10 mm H…     

胃食管反流病相关危险因素研究

[目的]研究胃食管反流病(GERD)的相关危险因素。[方法]对420例消化科门诊患者行反流性疾病问卷表(RDQ)调查,以RDQ评分≥12分为GERD的诊断标准,其中60例列入GERD组,其余360例列入非GERD组,同时对2组对象的饮食和生活习惯进行问卷调查。[结果]GERD组中常吸烟、饮酒、喝咖啡、睡前进食的比例均明显高于非GERD组(P0.05),但常饮浓茶的比例在2组患者中差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]不良的饮食和生活习惯是诱发GERD的重要危险因素,重视改变不良生活方式可能减轻GERD的发生和发展。     

十二指肠胃食管反流在胃食管反流病中的作用

目的　研究十二指肠胃食管反流 (DGER)在胃食管反流病发病机制中的作用及其对非糜烂性反流病 (NERD)的诊断价值。方法　 95例患者根据内镜检查的结果分为反流性食管炎和NERD组 ,对其均进行 2 4h食管 pH和胆汁联合监测。 结果　反流性食管炎患者DGER的各项指标 :吸光度值 >0 14时间百分比 (% )、总反流次数和反流 >5min的次数分别为 19 0 5± 2 3 4 4、30 5 6±34 0 4和 5 90± 6 37,均显著高于NERD组相应的 7 2 6± 11 0 8、15 6 8± 2 0 92和 2 5 9± 3 5 7(P <0 0 5 ) ,而酸反流差异无显著性 ,随着反流性食管炎的程度加重DGER发生率增高 ;18 2 %的NERD患者存在单纯DGER ,联合胆汁监测可使NERD诊断阳性率由 6 5 9%升高到 84 1%。结论　DGER可以单独发生 ,在引起反流性食管黏膜损伤或症状方面都有作用 ,2 4h食管 pH和胆汁联合监测有助于NERD的诊断。     

浙江省内科门诊人群胃食管反流病及危险因素流行病学调查

目的了解浙江省内科门诊人群胃食管反流病的患病率，分析与之相关的危险因素。方法流行病学调查采用整体随机抽样、反流性疾病问卷（reflex diagnostic questionnaire，RDQ）调查方式，并采用多种统计学方法进行统计分析。．结果浙江省内科门诊人群胃食管反流病的初筛患病率为7．28％，95％可信区间为6．87％～7．69％。不同性别、年龄、体力劳动强度、婚姻状况间胃食管反流病患病率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。进食过饱、常饮酸性饮料、常食辛辣食物、油腻食物、常饮浓茶、常进甜食、吸烟、饮酒、便秘者胃食管反流病患病率明显升高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。单因素Logistic回归分析发现：性别、年龄、体力劳动强度、是否上夜班、婚姻状况是胃食管反流病的危险因素；多因素Logistic回归分析发现：年龄、是否上夜班、体力劳动强度、婚姻状况、进食过饱、常食油腻食物、常饮浓茶、常进甜食、便秘等可能是危险因素。结论问卷调查表是临床诊断胃食管反流病的一种简单、有效的方法。胃食管反流病有众多危险因素，临床上需引起高度重视。     

中国医生胃食管反流病诊治状况的调查研究

的了解中国不同地区医生胃食管反流病（GERD）的发病和诊治情况。方法中国医师协会消化医师分会采用随机抽样问卷方式，于2006年2月-6月在全国不同地区医院中对患有GERD的医生的发病和诊治情况进行调查。结果1010例患有GERD的医生接受调查，男性567例、女性419例，男女性别比为1．35：1，平均年龄为（41．1±10．3）岁，其中患病年龄以30～40岁最为多见。在胃食管反流症状中烧心502例（49．7％），胸骨后痛325例（32．2％），暖气319例（31．6％），上腹痛313例（31．1％），咽部吞咽异物感88例（8．7％）。在被调查对象中467例（46．2％）曾行胃镜检查，食管黏膜正常者339例，占76．0％；反流性食管炎102例，占21．8％；Barrett食管10例，占2．2％。89．3％的被调查者曾服用质子泵抑制剂（PPI）治疗，平均起效时间为（13．2±36．5）h，服用药物的满意度为91．0％。相关分析显示年龄及性别与胃镜检查结果无相关性，临床症状及其严重程度与胃镜检查结果亦无相关性。回归分析显示症状缓解时间（P=0．0065）及服药方式（P=0．0003）与服用药物满意度存在负相关。结论患有GERD的中国医生临床症状主要表现为烧心、胸骨后痛、暖气和上腹痛，胃镜检查是诊断反流性食管炎的重要依据，多数被调查者胃镜下表现为食管黏膜正常，选择服用PPI治疗疗效的满意度高。     

胃食管反流病

随着胃食管反流病(GERD)患病率的增加，GERD相关并发症亦有所增加，包括Barrett食管和食管腺癌。过去1年提出的有关GERD病理生理学的新观点有助于我们更好地理解反流性疾病发病和黏膜损伤症状之间的关系，并提供针对病人个体化病理生理缺陷的治疗。     

内蒙古中西部地区基于症状诊断的胃食管反流病患病情况及其影响因素研究

[目的]调查内蒙古中西部地区成人基于症状诊断的胃食管反流病(GERD)患病情况,并分析GERD发病的影响因素。[方法]随机抽取内蒙古中西部地区年龄≥18岁的社区及体检居民5 607例。采用胃食管反流病量表(GerdQ)调查基于症状的GERD患病率,并采用单因素和多因素分析探讨该地区GERD发病的影响因素。[结果]GerdQ评分≥8分者414例(7.4%)。单因素分析发现BMI、经常吃巧克力或甜食、夜间觉醒或早醒、睡眠时间<6 h、慢性胃炎、消化道肿瘤、高血压、冠心病、血脂异常、慢性咽炎、慢性气管炎与GERD相关。进一步的多因素分析显示,BMI、经常吃巧克力或甜食、睡眠时间<6 h、慢性胃炎、消化道肿瘤、血脂异常、慢性咽炎、慢性气管炎可能是GERD的危险因素。[结论]内蒙古中西部地区成人基于症状诊断的GERD患病率高于全国水平,肥胖、经常吃巧克力或甜食、睡眠时间<6 h等、慢性胃炎、消化道肿瘤、血脂异常、慢性咽炎、慢性气管炎可能是GERD的危险因素。     

胃食管反流病的临床研究

目的 研究胃食管反流病（GERD）的反流症状与诊断关系，以引起临床医生的重视。方法采用典型症状、波利特试验及内镜检查；结果 检出反流性食管炎89例，非糜烂性食管炎291例，Barrett食管41例。结论 反流症状并有效检查为临床提供良好治疗方案。     

Incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Uygur and Han Chinese adults in Urumqi

AIM:To investigate the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) and its related risk factors in Uygur and Han Chinese adult in Urumqi,China.METHODS:A population-based cross-sectional survey was undertaken in a total of 972 Uygur(684 male and 288 female) aged from 24 to 61 and 1023 Han Chinese(752 male and 271 female) aged from 23 to 63 years.All participants were recruited from the residents who visited hospital for health examination from November 2011 to May 2012.Each participant signed an informed consent and completed a GERD questionnaire(GerdQ) and a lifestyle-food frequency questionnaire survey.Participants whose Gerd Q score was ≥ 8 and met one of the following requirements would be enrolled into this research:(1) being diagnosed with erosive esophagitis(EE) or Barrett's esophagus(BE) by endoscopy;(2) negative manifestation under endoscopy(non-erosive reflux disease,NERD) with abnormal acid reflux revealed by 24-h esophageal pH monitoring;and(3) suffering from typical heartburn and regurgitation with positive result of proton pump inhibitor test.RESULTS:According to Gerd Q scoring criteria,340 cases of Uygur and 286 cases of Han Chinese were defined as GERD.GERD incidence in Uygur was significantly higher than in Han Chinese(35% vs 28%,χ2 = 11.09,P 0.005),Gerd Q score in Uygur was higher than in Han Chinese(7.85 ± 3.1 vs 7.15 ± 2.9,P 0.005),and Gerd Q total score in Uygur male was higher than in female(8.15 ± 2.8 vs 6.85 ± 2.5,P 0.005).According to normalized methods,304(31%) cases of Uygur were diagnosed with GERD,including 89 cases of EE,185 cases of NERD and 30 cases of BE;256(25%) cases of Han Chinese were diagnosed with GERD,including 90 cases of EE,140 cases of NERD and 26 cases of BE.GERD incidence in Uygur was significantly higher than in Han Chinese(31% vs 25%,χ2 = 9.34,P 0.005) while the incidences were higher in males of both groups than in females(26% vs 5% in Uygur,χ2 = 35.95,P 0.005,and 19.8% vs 5.2% in Han,χ2 = 5.48,P 0.025).GERD incidence in Uygur male was higher than in Han Chinese male(26% vs 19.8%,χ2 = 16.51,P 0.005),and incidence of NERD in Uygur was higher than in Han Chinese(χ2 = 10.06,P 0.005).Occupation(r = 0.623),gender(r = 0.839),smoking(r = 0.322),strong tea(r = 0.658),alcohol drinking(r = 0.696),meat-based diet(mainly meat)(r = 0.676) and body mass index(BMI)(r = 0.567) were linearly correlated with GERD in Uygur(r = 0.833,P = 0.000);while gender(r = 0.957),age(r = 0.016),occupation(r = 0.482),strong tea(r = 1.124),alcohol drinking(r = 0.558),meat diet(r = 0.591) and BMI(r = 0.246) were linearly correlated with GERD in Han Chinese(r = 0.786,P = 0.01).There was no significant difference between Gerd Q scoring and three normalized methods for the diagnosis of GERD.CONCLUSION:GERD is highly prevalent in adult in Urumqi,especially in Uygur.Male,civil servant,smoking,strong tea,alcohol drinking,meat diet and BMI are risk factors correlated to GERD.     

Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease, reflux esophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease among Chinese patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination

AIM： To analyze the spectrum and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD） based on presenting symptoms and endoscopic findings. METHODS： A cross-sectional survey in a cluster random sample was conducted from November 2004 to June 2005 using a validated Chinese version Reflux Disease Questionnaire （RDQ） and other items recording the demographic characteristics and potential risk factors for GERD. Subjects were defined as having GERD symptoms according to the RDQ score （〉 12）. All subjects were endoscopied and the definition and severity of erosive esophagitis were evaluated by Los Angeles classification. The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS13.0 programs. RESULTS： Of 2231 recruited participants, 701 （31.40%） patients were diagnosed as having GERD while 464 （20.80%） patients had objective findings of reflux esophagitis （RE）. Of those 464 patients, only 291 （13.00%） were reported as subjects with GERD symptoms. A total of 528 （23.70%） patients were found to have GERD symptoms, including 19.50% patients with grade A or B reflux esophagitis, 0.90% with grade C and 0.40% with grade D. On multivariate analysis, old age, male, moderate working burden, divorced/widowed and strong tea drinking remained as significant independent risk factors for erosive esophagitis. Meanwhile, routine usage of greasy food and constipation were considered as significant independent risk factors for non-erosive reflux disease （NERD）. CONCLUSION： GERD is one of the common GI diseaseswith a high occurrence rate in China and its main associated factors include sex, anthropometrical variables and sociopsychological characteristics.     

GERD患者的心理因素及综合治疗

目的: 探讨胃食管反流病GERD患者心理健康水平与治疗方法的选择.方法:随机选取符合胃食管反流病诊断患者80例, 采用诊断胃食管反流病GERD患者的问卷评分及MMPI问卷测评, 使用质子泵抑制剂, 胃黏膜保护剂, 胃动力剂, 抗抑郁药等药物联合应用及心理辅导治疗. 比较治疗前后的评分变化.结果: 治疗前GERD评分均大于12分, 治疗后小于10分, 治疗前GERD评分及MMPI评分各项均明显高于治疗后(P<0.01). 结论:治疗胃食管反流病的同时需对患者进行综合心理辅导治疗.     

胃镜下腔内折叠术治疗胃食管反流病

目的：探讨治疗胃食管反流病（GERD）的新方法--胃镜下腔内折叠术（ELGP）的操作方法、适应证及禁忌症等问题。方法：选择无服药情况下出现每周3次以上烧心或反酸、食物反流，并且24h食管pH监测证实胃酸异常者，共26例进行ELGP，其中2例为贲门切除术后的胃食管反流病患者。26例GERD患者食管下端裂口直径1.5-3.5cm，平均2.5cm；并食管裂孔疝20例，达77％。缝合器为美国BARD公司二代缝合器。术前检查、常规胃镜观察后，辅助静脉麻醉，在齿状线下或吻合口下1-3cm缝合，采用环行、纵行或两种方法结合治疗。记录手术前后食管裂口大小、缝合位置、针间距、缝合皱褶数、术中不良反应等。结果：共缝32例次，其中环行缝合17例次，纵行缝合11例次，环行和纵行结合缝合4例次。两针间距1-3cm，两褶间距为1.5-2cm。每例次1-4个褶，平均每例2.3个褶。缝合后食管裂口平均约1.5cm。烧心及反流症状改善总有效率76％（完全缓解36％），部分缓解40％），无效24％。1例感冒患者术中出现呼吸困难，余无严重并发症。结论：胃镜下腔内折叠术能明显改善胃食管反流病的症状，2cm以上的食管裂孔疝及贲门切除术后胃食管反流均可应用该方法进行治疗，术程安全。     

胃食管反流病胃电活动变化的研究

目的　探讨胃食管反流病 (GERD)的胃电活动变化。方法　主诉反流症状的患者 ,经 2 4小时食管酸、碱监测和 (或 )胃镜检查 ,GERD 43例 ,健康对照组 3 9例 ,进行餐前、餐后体表胃电图 (EGG)监测。结果　GERD组的平均正常胃电慢波百分比 ( 63 .40 %± 3 1.63 %)显著低于对照组 ( 80 .89%± 2 5 .42 %) ,餐前胃电节律异常的发生率 ( 5 8.1%)显著高于对照组 ( 17.0 %) ,餐前主频不稳定系数 ( 5 3 .6± 5 0 .8)也显著高于对照组 ( 3 4.2± 3 3 .1) ;GERD组的餐后胃电节律异常的发生率 ( 3 2 .6%)显著高于对照组 ( 12 .8%)。结论　GERD患者存在餐前、餐后胃电活动异常 ,体表EGG检查有助于了解GERD的胃运动功能情况     

胃食管反流病问卷对胃食管反流病的诊断价值

目的 评价胃食管反流病问卷(GerdQ)在胃食管反流病(GERD)患者中的诊断价值,初步探讨中国GERD人群的症状特点.同时探索一种适合中国人群的质子泵抑制剂(PPI)试验的诊断标准.方法 在全国五家医院进行多中心研究.所有入组患者填写GerdQ问卷表.以胃镜检查、24 h食管pH监测和PPI试验其中任何一项阳性作为GERD的诊断标准,评价GerdQ的诊断价值.以拟定PPI试验诊断标准与胃镜和食管pH监测的诊断相比较,并优化PPI试验的诊断标准.结果 拟定PPI试验诊断的敏感度为0.6627,特异度为0.4872.经统计分析,以PPI治疗1周最后3 d烧心、反流症状总评分较治疗前相比下降3分为优化PPI试验诊断标准,诊断的敏感度为0.3787,特异度为0.8077,阳性预测值为0.8101,阴性预测值为0.3750,Youden指数最大为0.1864.经人群矫正,GerdQ取临界值为10分时,Youden指数达到最大0.1080,诊断的敏感度为0.6690,特异度为0.4390.50岁以上女性患者随着评分的增高,问卷诊断价值下降.结论 GerdQ具有肯定的诊断价值.但在临床工作中,对特殊人群中症状突出而PPI诊断性治疗反应不佳的患者,GERD的诊断应慎重.PPI试验的评分以治疗1周最后3 d为佳.     

脂肪性肝病与胃食管反流病的相关性研究

目的评估脂肪性肝病(FLD)与胃食管反流病GERD之间的关系。方法选取2 000例受试者,采用较简便的胃食管反流病问卷(GerdQ)作为初筛GERD诊断标准,对入选者均进行腹部超声波等检查,分析FLD与GERD关系。结果对2 000例患者利用GerdQ评估GERD诊断情况,有176例(8.8%)诊断为GERD,女68人(38.64%),男108人(61.36%);脂肪肝患者760例,患病率38.0%,在脂肪肝组中,男女性GERD症状的GerdQ阳性率分别为13.77%和12.24%,两者无明显差异(P>0.05)。脂肪肝人群发生GERD症状的患病率与对照组存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论脂肪肝与GERD显著相关,控制脂肪肝发展可以降低GERD发病率。     

Endoscopic therapies of gastroesophageal reflux disease

The high prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in Western societies has accelerated the need for new modalities of treatment. Currently, medical and surgical therapies are widely accepted among patients and physicians. New potent antisecretory drugs and the development of minimally invasive surgery for the management of GERD are at present the pivotal and largely accepted approaches to treatment. The minimally invasive treatment revolution, however, has stimulated several new endoscopic techniques for GERD. Up to now, the data is limited and further studies are necessary to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the various endoscopic techniques to medical and laparoscopic management of GERD. New journal articles and abstracts are continuously being published. The Food and Drug Administration has approved 3 modalities, thus gastroenterologists and surgeons are beginning to apply these techniques. Further trials and device refinements will assist clinicians. This article will present an overview of the various techniques that are currently on study. This review will report the efficacy and durability of various endoscopic therapies for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The potential for widespread use of these techniques will also be discussed. Articles and abstracts published in English on this topic were retrieved from Pubmed. Due to limited number of studies and remarkable differences between various trials, strict criteria were not used for the pooled data presented, however, an effort was made to avoid bias by including only studies that used off-PPI scoring as baseline and intent to treat.     

Prevalence and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Qashqai migrating nomads, southern Iran

AIM： To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD） symptoms in Qashqai migrating nomads with a different life style in Fars province, southern Iran. METHODS： In summer 2006, 748 Qashqai migrating nomads aged 25 years or more were enrolled using a multiple-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. A questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics, lifestyle and GERD symptoms （heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, dysphagia, hoarseness and cough） as completed for each subject. RESULTS： The questionnaire was completed in 717 subjects. The prevalence rate of GERD, defined as reflux occurring at least one time per week in the preceding year, was 33% （237 subjects）. The prevalence was higher in older individuals （36.0% vs 28.9%, P 〈 0.05） and in those with other gastrointestinal complaints （51.0% vs 27.8%, P 〈 0.001）, but not different in obese and non-obese subjects. It was also higher in those consuming fruits and vegetables more than once a week （36.2% vs 17.3%, P 〈 0.001）. GERD had a positive correlation with smoking （42.1% vs 27.8%, P 〈 0.001）, but a negative relation with non-alcoholic beverages. The association between GERD and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs （NSAIDs） consumption was also significant （40.2% vs 25.4%, P 〈 0.001）. CONCLUSION： The prevalence of GERD （33%） is very high in Qashqai migrating nomads which may be due to a lower socioeconomic and educational level of these people and difference in the life style. Older age, frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables, smoking and NSAIDs are risk factors for GERD in this population.     

胃食管反流病患者的临床特征及其影响因素分析

目的分析胃食管反流病(GERD)患者的临床特征以及影响其发生的因素。方法选取深圳市龙岗区横岗人民医院消化内科2011年5月-2013年5月收治的GERD患者146例作为观察组,另选取148例非GERD患者为对照组,探讨其发病的危险因素。结果 GERD患者发生率最高的6项相关症状为反酸、烧心、上腹部不适、吞咽困难、胸痛、胸骨后不适;治疗前观察组Gerd Q得分显著高于对照组(10.63±2.87 vs 4.02±1.81,P0.05),Gerd Q得分自治疗2周后开始与治疗前比较,差异有显著统计学意义(P0.01);后期有消化道外症状的患者(72例)进行消化道外症状(EED)问卷分析,发现观察组自治疗后4周显著改善,差异有显著统计学意义(P0.01);单因素分析显示GERD影响因素包括:年龄、职业、BMI、腰围、辛辣饮食、高盐饮食、H.pylori感染、吸烟、饮酒、便秘。Logistic多元回归分析显示GERD的危险因素由大到小依次为辛辣饮食、年龄、便秘和职业(OR值分别为4.928、3.673、3.452、3.082)。结论 GERD的临床表现以反酸、烧心、上腹部不适等为主,也会表现出EED的症状;养成良好的饮食习惯、保持肠道畅通、戒烟戒酒、注意锻炼和放松等都能够有效预防和减少GERD的发生。