盆底型子宫内膜异位症患者行IVF-ET助孕后妊娠结局及妊娠期并发症的分析

目的:探讨盆底型子宫内膜异位症(EMs)患者行IVF-ET助孕后妊娠结局及妊娠期并发症。方法:回顾性分析行IVF-ET治疗获临床妊娠的盆底型EMs 96个周期(A组),卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿者107个周期(B组),并选择同期180个周期输卵管因素行IVF-ET助孕获临床妊娠者为对照组(C组)。分析比较各组患者行IVF-ET助孕的妊娠结局及妊娠期并发症。结果:A组早产率显著低于B组(9.38%vs 21.50%,P0.05);流产率(25.00%vs 12.78%)及单胎流产率(35.00%vs 17.31%)明显高于C组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);异位妊娠发生率略高于B组(2.08%vs 1.87%),低于C组(6.67%),但3组间无统计学差异(P=0.072)。A组和B组妊娠期并发症发生率明显高于C组(30.21%vs 31.78%vs 16.11%,P0.05),但A、B组间无统计学差异(P0.05)。其中A组和B组子痫前期(8.33%vs 9.35%)、前置胎盘(9.38%vs 10.28%)发生率显著高于C组(2.78%;3.33%);A组先兆流产率高于B组和C组(18.75%vs 14.02%vs 8.33%),且与C组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:盆底型EMs患者行IVF-ET助孕其自然流产率显著高于输卵管不孕患者,早产率较卵巢型EMs降低;妊娠期并发症较输卵管不孕患者明显增多,主要表现在子痫前期、前置胎盘及先兆流产3个方面,而与卵巢型EMs无统计学差异。     

体外受精-胚胎移植与单胎妊娠早产风险关系研究

目的探讨体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)与单胎妊娠早产风险的关系。方法选取2012年1月至2013年1月行IVF-ET并于北京大学第三医院助孕且分娩的单胎妊娠孕妇563例为研究组,其中女性因素不孕组(单纯女性因素或合并双方因素)369例、单纯男性因素不孕组150例,44例不明原因不孕;按年龄、孕产次配对同一时间段自然单胎妊娠的1126例孕妇为对照组,分析两组产科结局。结果研究组早产率显著高于对照组(11.90%vs.6.93%,P0.05),妊娠期糖尿病、胎膜早破、前置胎盘、产后出血的发生率显著高于对照组,新生儿出生孕周显著低于对照组[(38.64±2.16)周vs.(39.12±1.73)周,P0.05],低出生体重发生率显著高于对照组(8.34%vs.4.35%,P0.05)。女性因素不孕组早产率显著高于单纯男性因素不孕组及对照组(12.74%vs.6.67%vs.6.93%,P0.05);胎膜早破、产后出血发生率显著高于单纯男性因素不孕组(28.7%vs.11.33%,14.63%vs.6.67%,P0.05),妊娠期糖尿病、胎盘早破、前置胎盘、产后出血发生率显著高于对照组(P0.05);女性因素不孕组新生儿出生孕周显著低于单纯男性因素不孕组及对照组[(38.51±2.15)周vs.(38.97±1.85)周vs.(38.64±2.16)周,P0.05)],低出生体重发生率显著高于对照组(8.94%vs.4.35%,P0.05)。结论体外受精-胚胎移植患者单胎妊娠早产发生率增加,可能与引起女性不孕因素相关疾病及女性因素不孕妇女妊娠期并发症发生率增加相关。     

体外受精-胚胎移植与单胎妊娠早产风险关系研究北大核心CSCD

目的探讨体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)与单胎妊娠早产风险的关系。方法选取2012年1月至2013年1月行IVF-ET并于北京大学第三医院助孕且分娩的单胎妊娠孕妇563例为研究组,其中女性因素不孕组(单纯女性因素或合并双方因素)369例、单纯男性因素不孕组150例,44例不明原因不孕;按年龄、孕产次配对同一时间段自然单胎妊娠的1126例孕妇为对照组,分析两组产科结局。结果研究组早产率显著高于对照组(11.90%vs.6.93%,P<0.05),妊娠期糖尿病、胎膜早破、前置胎盘、产后出血的发生率显著高于对照组,新生儿出生孕周显著低于对照组[(38.64±2.16)周vs.(39.12±1.73)周,P<0.05],低出生体重发生率显著高于对照组(8.34%vs.4.35%,P<0.05)。女性因素不孕组早产率显著高于单纯男性因素不孕组及对照组(12.74%vs.6.67%vs.6.93%,P<0.05);胎膜早破、产后出血发生率显著高于单纯男性因素不孕组(28.7%vs.11.33%,14.63%vs.6.67%,P<0.05),妊娠期糖尿病、胎盘早破、前置胎盘、产后出血发生率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);女性因素不孕组新生儿出生孕周显著低于单纯男性因素不孕组及对照组[(38.51±2.15)周vs.(38.97±1.85)周vs.(38.64±2.16)周,P<0.05)],低出生体重发生率显著高于对照组(8.94%vs.4.35%,P<0.05)。结论体外受精-胚胎移植患者单胎妊娠早产发生率增加,可能与引起女性不孕因素相关疾病及女性因素不孕妇女妊娠期并发症发生率增加相关。     

双胎妊娠早产的临床特点及危险因素分析

目的:探讨双胎妊娠早产临床特点及其危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2009年1月1日至2016年12月31日在广州医科大学附属第三医院分娩的2427例双胎妊娠临床资料,将分娩孕周为28～36~(+6)周的双胎妊娠孕产妇及其新生儿作为早产组(1741例),同期分娩孕周为37～40~(+6)周的双胎妊娠孕产妇及其新生儿作为对照组(686例),比较两组病例临床资料特点,分析导致双胎妊娠早产的危险因素。结果:2009～2016年双胎妊娠分娩量呈上升趋势,平均早产率为71.73%。双胎妊娠早产中自发性早产占47%,医源性早产占28%,胎膜早破占25%。早产组平均分娩年龄、体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)受孕比例、初产妇比例、规律产检比例均较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);既往剖宫产次、当次分娩剖宫产率及子痫前期、胎膜早破、羊水过少、前置胎盘、胎盘植入/粘连、瘢痕子宫比例均较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,子痫前期、胎膜早破、羊水过少、前置胎盘及不规律产检是双胎妊娠早产的危险因素(P0.05)。结论:双胎妊娠早产原因以自发性最多,其次为医源性及胎膜早破。子痫前期、胎膜早破、羊水过少、前置胎盘及不规律产检是双胎妊娠早产的独立危险因素。     

体外受精-胚胎移植后妊娠产科结局分析

目的　研究体外受精 胚胎移植 (IVF ET)术后妊娠的母儿围生期特点。方法　采用病例对照方法 ,选择行IVF ET术后妊娠并于 1993年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 12月分娩的妇女 2 5 5例 ,与同期分娩的自然受孕的妇女17175例对照 ,研究IVF ET术后妊娠的围生期情况。结果　IVF ET单胎妊娠的早产、前置胎盘、糖耐量试验(OGTT)异常、产后出血、剖宫产率高于自然受孕组 ,P <0 0 5。IVF ET双胎妊娠的分娩孕周、新生儿体重低于单胎妊娠 ,P <0 0 5 ;中度及重度妊娠期高血压疾病 (妊高征 )、胎膜早破发生率高于单胎妊娠 ,P <0 0 5。结论　IVF ET妊娠是高危妊娠 ,多胎妊娠率高是导致早产和低体重儿显著增多的主要原因 ,加强孕期保健 ,及时治疗并发症可获得良好的妊娠结局。     

高龄产妇围生期妊娠结局分析

目的:探讨高龄产妇分娩对妊娠结局的影响.方法:采用回顾性对照研究,对3216例单活胎产妇的临床资料进行分析,比较高龄组(≥35岁,n=155)和非高龄产妇组(<35岁,n=3061)分娩方式、妊娠期合并症、并发症以及新生儿结局的差异.结果:高龄组初产妇及经产妇的剖宫产率91.8%、42.55%都明显高于非高龄组的63.09%、26.26%(P<0.05);高龄组妊娠期高血压疾病、妊娠期糖尿病、前置胎盘、早产、产后出血、胎膜早破、贫血的发病率均高于非高龄组(P<0.05),高龄组新生儿体重降低(P<0.05).结论:高龄产妇妊娠期合并症、并发症增多,剖宫产率增加,高龄妊娠应加强围生期保健.     

极早期和早期早产并发症及早产儿结局分析

目的:分析极早期和早期早产间妊娠并发症、分娩方式及早产儿出生结局的差异。方法:随机选择2015年3月至2017年2月在南京医科大学附属妇产医院孕32周之前分娩的166例孕妇为研究对象,按分娩孕周分为极早期早产组(孕28周,64例)和早期早产组(孕28~31+6周,102例),对两组孕产妇及早产儿相关临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:(1)两组孕妇的妊娠并发症主要包括:胎膜早破(27.11%)、妊娠期糖尿病(22.89%)、胎位异常(17.47%)、胎盘异常(16.27%)、宫颈机能不全(6.02%)及胎儿窘迫(5.42%);但是早期早产组并发妊娠期糖尿病的发生率明显高于极早期早产组(P0.05),而宫颈机能不全的发生率明显低于极早期早产组(P0.05)。(2)早期早产组的剖宫产率明显高于极早期早产组(P0.001),其中早期早产组中以并发胎盘异常的孕妇剖宫产率明显增加(P0.05)。(3)早期早产组新生儿出生状况优于极早期早产组新生儿(P0.001),而极早期早产组新生儿NICU住院天数、治疗放弃率长于或高于早期早产组新生儿(P0.001)。结论:孕期应重视常见妊娠并发症胎膜早破的发生,积极筛查妊娠期糖尿病及识别宫颈机能不全的高危因素。对于医源性的早产,应慎重权衡利弊,在母儿安全的前提下,尽量延长孕周至孕28周以上,以改善早产儿结局。     

181例前置胎盘对妊娠结局的影响

目的 分析181例前置胎盘与妊娠结局的关系,为临床诊疗提供参考。方法 181例前置胎盘发生率、子宫切除发生率、新生儿结局,采用Logistic回归分析筛选。结果 前置胎盘的发生率为0.63%,子宫切除发生率3.87%。完全性前置胎盘产妇早产率明显高于部分性和边缘性(P0.05)。完全性前置胎盘产妇分娩的早产儿儿1 min Apgar评分明显低于部分性和边缘性(P0.05),经治疗后,前置胎盘5 min Apgar评分与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 对于前置胎盘患者,应加强产前保健和监护,并做好充分准备,以改善妊娠结局和围生儿状况。     

单、双胎早产的高危因素及早产儿结局比较研究

目的探讨双胎早产与单胎早产高危因素的特点以及单、双胎早产儿的结局。方法回顾性分析广州医科大学附属第三医院2009年1月至2015年12月的单、双胎孕产妇与新生儿临床数据资料。结果研究期间在该院分娩的36 931例新生儿,双胎2080例,单胎34 851例,其中早产5877例,双胎早产1395例(双胎早产组),早产率为67.07%;单胎早产4482例(单胎早产组),单胎早产率为12.86%,总计早产发生率为15.91%,双胎早产率明显高于单胎,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);单、双胎孕产妇不同年龄组早产率比较,在≤22岁组、22~26岁组、26~30岁组、30~34岁组、34~39岁组和39岁组中,双胎早产率均明显高于单胎(单胎早产率对双胎早产率分别为:19.65%vs.64.86%、11.45%vs.70.85%、10.49%vs.68.16%、12.88%vs.65.41%、19.67%vs.64.51%、22.83%vs.68.42%,P均0.05);单、双胎孕产妇不同孕周出生率比较,双胎在孕20~37周之间的出生率均高于单胎出生率;对早产的高危因素进行对比分析,双胎早产组中人工授精、体外受精-胚胎移植、羊水过多、胎膜早破、妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症的比例均明显高于单胎早产组,差异有统计学意义(1.79%vs.0.16%、1.79%vs.0.16%、2.79%vs.1.38%、32.48%vs.29.65%、19.50%vs.15.84%、2.22%vs.1.41%,P均0.05);对新生儿的结局进行比较,单胎早产组中死胎、出生缺陷、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征发生率均明显高于双胎早产组(8.68%vs.2.22%、11.20%vs.8.52%、15.35%vs.12.90%,P均0.05),1 min、5 min、10 min Apgar评分双胎早产组明显高于单胎早产组,差异有统计学意义[(9.43±0.023)min vs.(9.06±0.026)min、(9.85±0.013)min vs.(9.69±0.016)min、(9.92±0.011)min vs.(9.81±0.014)min,P均0.05]。结论双胎发生早产的风险显著高于单胎,与单胎早产相比,人工授精、体外受精-胚胎移植、羊水过多、胎膜早破、妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症等高危因素与双胎早产的关系更加密切,早产儿结局优于单胎早产组。     

体外受精－胚胎移植术后子痫前期患者临床特点分析

目的探讨体外受精与胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer, IVF-ET)术后单胎妊娠与子痫前期的关系及临床特点。 方法回顾性分析2012年6月至2018年12月郑州大学第一附属医院产科收治的通过IVF-ET受孕的单胎子痫前期患者58例(IVF-ET组),同期自然受孕的单胎子痫前期患者100例(自然受孕组)的临床资料。比较两组孕妇的临床特点和妊娠结局。 结果IVF-ET组患者的平均住院日(8.74±4.98) d较自然受孕组(7.26±3.07) d长,t＝－2.314,P<0.05;发病时间(28.6±5.63)周和诊断孕周(32.0±6.07)周均早于自然受孕组(28.6±5.63)周和(33.9±4.28)周,t＝4.02和2.04,P<0.05;IVF-ET组尿蛋白(＋＋＋)的发生率34.5%、胸腹水发生率48.3%、胎儿宫内生长受限发生率41.4%均高于自然受孕组20%,29%和26%,P<0.05。 结论IVF-ET术后单胎子痫前期患者以严重尿蛋白和胸腹水为主要临床症状,胎儿不良结局主要为胎儿宫内生长受限。     

早产危险因素的研究

目的研究早产的危险因素,为临床进行早产危险人群的筛查提供依据。 方法回顾性分析广州医学院第三附属医院2008年1月至2009年12月间收治的724例(早产组)早产病例资料,其中自发性早产病例427例,医源性早产297例;选取同期足月分娩患者500例(对照组)进行对照研究,采用χ²检验和logistic回归分析,筛选出早产的高危因素。 结果(1)2008年1月至2009年12月分娩总数6109例,早产724例,早产发生率11.85%,其中自发性早产占59%,医源性早产占41%。(2)自发性早产的危险因素是胎膜早破71.19%(304/427)、多胎妊娠21.55% (92/427)、臀位22.95%(98/427)、子宫畸形3.04%(13/427)、宫颈机能不全0.70%(3/427)。(3)医源性早产的危险因素是子痫前期41.08%(122/297)、妊娠合并内外科疾病29.63% (88/297)、多胎妊娠27.61%(82/297)、胎盘因素26.60%(79/297)、妊娠期糖尿病23.57%(70/297)。(4)早产的高危因素为经产(OR＝4.428)、胎膜早破(OR＝5.149)、子痫前期(OR＝2.637)、多胎妊娠(OR＝13.958)、前置胎盘(OR＝14.586)、妊娠合并内外科疾病(OR＝2.677)、妊娠期糖尿病(OR＝3.719)、胎儿生长受限(OR＝14.378)、臀位(OR＝3.663)、体外受精-胚胎移植妊娠(OR＝5.658)。 结论应控制早产高危因素,避免或延迟早产的发生,从而改善母婴预后。     

A comparison of risk factors for breech presentation in preterm and term labor: a nationwide,population-based case–control study

To determine if the common risks for breech presentation at term labor are also eligible in preterm labor. A Finnish cross-sectional study included 737,788 singleton births (24–42 gestational weeks) during 2004–2014. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the risks of breech presentation. The incidence of breech presentation at delivery decreased from 23.5% in pregnancy weeks 24–27 to 2.5% in term pregnancies. In gestational weeks 24–27, preterm premature rupture of membranes was associated with breech presentation. In 28–31 gestational weeks, breech presentation was associated with maternal pre-eclampsia/hypertension, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and fetal birth weight below the tenth percentile. In gestational weeks 32–36, the risks were advanced maternal age, nulliparity, previous cesarean section, preterm premature rupture of membranes, oligohydramnios, birth weight below the tenth percentile, female sex, and congenital anomaly. In term pregnancies, breech presentation was associated with advanced maternal age, nulliparity, maternal hypothyroidism, pre-gestational diabetes, placenta praevia, premature rupture of membranes, oligohydramnios, congenital anomaly, female sex, and birth weight below the tenth percentile. Breech presentation in preterm labor is associated with obstetric risk factors compared to cephalic presentation. These risks decrease linearly with the gestational age. In moderate to late preterm delivery, breech presentation is a high-risk state and some obstetric risk factors are yet visible in early preterm delivery. Breech presentation in extremely preterm deliveries has, with the exception of preterm premature rupture of membranes, similar clinical risk profiles as in cephalic presentation.     

早产临床风险因素的探讨

目的评估影响早产分娩的风险因素以及对早产干预措施影响的相关因素。方法选择2003年1月至2006年3月发生在34周前的自发性早产临产、早产胎膜早破、宫颈机能不全、先兆早产4种临床表现类型共221例,比较4种临床表现之间发病的风险因素及影响干预措施结局的相关因素。结果自发性早产临产的风险因素依次为:本次妊娠先兆流产史(OR8.917,95%CI2.308～34.457)、胎次(OR2.179,95%CI1.033～4.598)、宫颈长度改变(OR0.366,95%CI0.259～0.518);早产胎膜早破的风险因素依次为:自然流产史(OR4.922,95%CI1.115～21.720)、体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)(OR5.341,95%CI1.571～18.164);宫颈功能不全的风险因素依次为:早产史(OR9.010,95%CI2.032～39.940),IVF-ET(OR2.603,95%CI1.195～5.670)。发生早期早产分娩的影响因素依次为:血象升高(OR4.695,95%CI2.065～10.671)、宫颈长度变短(OR0.633,95%CI0.456～0.880)。对早产干预措施的影响因素为紧急宫颈环扎术(OR26.372,95%CI2.770～251.085)和血象升高(OR7.111,95%CI1.769～28.53)。结论影响早产的风险因素较多,应注重IVF-ET妊娠的早产风险;实施紧急宫颈环扎术及注重感染指标监测是减少34周前分娩的重要干预手段。     

双胎妊娠早产危险因素的临床分析

目的:探讨双胎妊娠早产的发生情况及可能的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2016年1~12月于首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院分娩的343例双胎妊娠病例的临床资料,其中早产组170例,足月产组173例,分析引起双胎妊娠早产的可能影响因素。结果:早产组平均分娩孕周、剖宫产率、第一胎头先露比例、两胎儿平均出生体质量、1分钟及5分钟Apgar评分显著低于足月产组,而单绒毛膜性比例及新生儿窒息比例显著高于足月产组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,单绒毛膜性、胎膜早破、妊娠期高血压疾病(HDCP)及瘢痕子宫是双胎妊娠早产的危险因素(P0.05)。结论:早产与胎儿绒毛膜性、胎膜早破、HDCP及瘢痕子宫等多种因素密切相关,对合并高危因素的双胎妊娠需要高度重视,在加强孕期监护同时,应依据风险因素制定个体化干预措施,以确保母婴安全、减少新生儿窒息与死亡。     

Preterm premature rupture of membranes: risks of recurrent complications in the next pregnancy among a population-based sample of gravid women

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to ascertain the predictive value of antecedent preterm premature rupture of membranes for recurrent preterm premature rupture of membranes and preterm delivery rates in the next pregnancy compared with background rates among a population-based sample of women at a single institution. STUDY DESIGN: Records of patients with index singleton pregnancies that were complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes whose next delivery resulted in a delivery at >or=20 weeks at the same institution were reviewed for the incidence and gestational age of recurrent preterm premature rupture of membranes and preterm delivery. All subjects were patients of physicians whose obstetric practices were based at a single institution. Background rates of preterm premature rupture of membranes and preterm delivery in this population were generated from a systematically selected comparison group composed of the two deliveries after each of the study group's second delivery. RESULTS: The rates of recurrent preterm premature rupture of membranes (16.7%) and preterm delivery (34.2%) in the 114 study group patients were substantially greater (odds ratio, 20.6; 95% CI, 4.7-90.2; and odds ratio, 3.6; 95% CI, 2.1-6.4) than noted background rates (0.96% and 12.5%) but considerably less than the recurrence rates of either preterm premature rupture of membranes or preterm delivery that were reported by others. The gestational age of preterm premature rupture of membranes in the index pregnancy affected neither the magnitude of risk nor the gestational age of recurrent preterm premature rupture of membranes or preterm delivery in the subsequent pregnancy. Stratification of outcome measures into three subgroups that were based on the gestational age of index preterm premature rupture of membranes demonstrated no significant differences in the incidence of preterm premature rupture of membranes or preterm delivery. CONCLUSION: After a pregnancy that was complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes, the risk for recurrent preterm premature rupture of membranes is increased by 20-fold and for recurrent preterm delivery by almost 4-fold. Gestational age of antecedent preterm premature rupture of membranes is predictive of neither risk nor timing of recurrent complications. Estimates of recurrence risks appear to be moderated by limiting analysis to a population-based sample of gravid women when compared with previous studies.     

Clinical significance of first-trimester intrauterine haematomas detected in pregnancies achieved by IVF-embryo transfer

In this study, the clinical significance of first-trimester intrauterine haematomas (IUH) detected in pregnancies achieved by IVF-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) was evaluated. A retrospective case-control study was designed to compare obstetric and perinatal outcomes of 350 pregnancies with IUH and 350 matched controls without IUH. The incidence of first-trimester IUH detected in the IVF-ET pregnancies was 13.5%. In women who delivered after 28 weeks' gestation, the incidence of gestational hypertension (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.5 to 4.6), preeclampsia (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.5 to 5.0) and postpartum haemorrhage (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.8 to 5.3) was significantly higher in the IUH group. Compared with controls, placenta previa (OR, 8.7 95%; CI 3.4 to 22.2) and oligohydramninos (OR 5.8; 95% CI 2.4 to 14.0) were more common in the IUH group. The incidence of preterm delivery (<37 weeks' gestation) was significantly higher in the IUH group (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.4 to 3.0), although the incidence of preterm delivery before 34 weeks' gestation was not. No differences were observed in the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus, premature rupture of membranes and low birth weight. The presence of first-trimester IUH in IVF-ET pregnancies was associated with a higher risk of several pregnancy complications.     

不同孕周非治疗性早产患者的高危因素及妊娠结局分析

目的探讨不同孕周非治疗性早产患者的高危因素和母儿不良结局。 方法采用回顾性研究方法对2012年1月至2014年12月就诊于广州医科大学附属第三医院224例非治疗性早产患者资料进行分析,根据不同孕周分成4组：A组：28～29^＋6周(38例),B组：30～31^＋6周(32例),C组：32～33^＋6周(42例),D组：34～36^＋6周(112例);分析4组患者的高危因素、产妇及新生儿的不良结局。 结果224例非治疗性早产患者发生早产的高危因素分别为胎膜早破147例(65.6%)、不良孕产史128例(57.1%)、先兆早产病史115例(51.3%)、体外受精-胚胎移植术妊娠87例(38.8%)、未规律产检53例(23.7%)、双胎妊娠25例(11.2%)。4组总产程时间分别为(4.9±3.5) h,(7.6±3.8) h,(6.7±2.9) h,(6.8±2.9) h,A组与其他3组比较,Q＝1.762,2.719和1.847 (P值均<0.05)。4组急产发生率分别为44.7% (17例),9.4% (3例),16.7% (7例),14.3% (16例),A组与其他3组比较,Q＝21.648,8.207和9.783(P值均<0.05)。4组新生儿窒息发生率分别为31.6% (12例), 12.5% (4例),7.1% (3例),6.3% (7例),A组与其他3组比较,Q＝4.591,15.345和10.834(P值均<0.05)。4组新生儿1 min Apgar评分分别为(7.7±3.2)分,(9.1±2.4)分,(9.4±1.2)分,(9.4±1.1)分,A组与其他3组比较,Q＝2.528,3.281和2.562(P值均<0.05)。4组新生儿出生体重分别为(1 555.9±470.9) g,(1 659.3±342.2) g,(1 990.8±306.5) g,(2 515.0±473.4) g,各组间差异的两两比较均存在统计学意义(P<0.01)。 结论胎膜早破是非治疗性早产发生的最常见的高危因素,要重视28～29^＋6周早产高危患者的管理,并应警惕这些孕妇和新生儿不良结局的发生。     

Preterm deliveries among women with MacDonald cerclage performed due to cervical incompetence

OBJECTIVE: The study was aimed to assess the impact of obstetric risk factors for preterm delivery among women with MacDonald cerclage performed due to cervical incompetence. STUDY DESIGN: A cohort study was conducted including all patients with MacDonald cerclage performed at 12-14 weeks gestation due to cervical incompetence (n = 793). Deliveries occurred between the years 1988 and 2002 in a University Medical Center. A multiple linear regression model was used to assess the impact of maternal characteristics as well as pregnancy complications on the length of pregnancy. RESULTS: The following factors were found to be associated with preterm delivery among these patients, in the univariate analysis: nulliparity, fertility treatments, severe preeclampsia, second-trimester bleeding, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), chorioamnionitis and placental abruption. Using a multiple linear regression model, with backward elimination, the impact of these variables on the length of pregnancy was assessed (R(2) = 0.33, p < 0.001). The mean gestational age at birth among patients without risk factors was 38.1. Second-trimester bleeding reduced gestational age by 6.4 weeks, chorioamnionitis by 5.6 weeks, placental abruption by 5.1 weeks, PROM by 3.2 weeks and severe preeclampsia by 2.4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Second-trimester bleeding, chorioamnionitis, placental abruption, PROM and severe preeclampsia are ominous signs for preterm delivery among patients with MacDonald cerclage performed due to cervical incompetence.     

A study of the relationship between placenta growth factor and gestational age, parturition, rupture of membranes, and intrauterine infection

OBJECTIVE: Placenta growth factor is a potent angiogenic factor produced by the human placenta that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Placenta growth factor belongs to the vascular endothelial growth factor family and is capable of inducing proliferation, migration, and activation of endothelial cells. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between amniotic fluid concentration of placenta growth factor and gestational age, parturition (term and preterm), spontaneous rupture of the membranes, and intra-amniotic infection. STUDY DESIGN: Amniotic fluid samples obtained from 273 pregnant patients were assayed in the following clinical groups: midtrimester pregnancy, preterm labor who delivered at term, preterm labor without microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity who delivered preterm, preterm labor with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, term not in labor, term in labor, term with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, preterm premature rupture of membranes with and without microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, and term with premature rupture of membranes without microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity. The placenta growth factor concentrations were determined by an immunoassay that is both sensitive and specific. RESULTS: Placenta growth factor was detectable in 96.3% (263/273) of samples. Amniotic fluid placenta growth factor concentration decreased with advancing gestational age (r = -0.42; P <.001). Amniotic fluid placenta growth factor concentrations were significantly higher in women in midtrimester pregnancy than in those at term not in labor (midtrimester pregnancy: median, 43.1 pg/mL; range, 22.9-69.8 pg/mL; vs term not in labor: median, 28.7 pg/mL; range, 16.1-82.7 pg/mL; P <.01). Neither term nor preterm parturition was associated with a change in amniotic fluid placenta growth factor concentrations. Term premature rupture of membranes was associated with a significant decrease in amniotic fluid placenta growth factor concentration (term premature rupture of membranes: median, 16.5 pg/mL; range <5.2-195.1 pg/mL; vs term intact membranes: median, 28.7 pg/mL; range, 16.1-822.7 pg/mL; P <.005). Preterm premature rupture of membranes was not associated with changes in amniotic fluid placenta growth factor concentrations. Intra-amniotic infection in preterm labor, term labor with intact membranes, and preterm premature rupture of membranes were not associated with changes in amniotic fluid placenta growth factor concentrations. CONCLUSION: Placenta growth factor is a physiologic constituent of amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluid concentrations of placenta growth factor decrease with advancing gestational age. Neither parturition nor infection affects amniotic fluid placenta growth factor concentrations.     

子宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅲ级冷刀锥切术后妊娠结局

目的探讨子宫颈冷刀锥切术(cold-knife conization,CKC)对妊娠结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2009年6月因子宫颈上皮内瘤变III级(cervical intraepithelial neoplasiaⅢ,CINⅢ)行冷刀锥切术的41例(锥切组)患者的妊娠结局,并将其与同期无宫颈病变治疗史妊娠分娩的4 446例孕妇(对照组)进行比较。结果 41例患者中,3～6个月内妊娠者5例,6～12个月妊娠者17例,12～24个月妊娠者14例,2年后妊娠者5例。7例孕早期行人工流产,2例孕早期自然流产,1例晚期流产,31例成功分娩(75.61%),其中5例(16.13%)早产,26例(83.87%)足月分娩;阴道分娩23例,无宫颈性难产,剖宫产8例。与对照组比较,锥切组的妊娠时限短于对照组(P0.001);锥切组早产率高于对照组[8.57%(381/4 446)](P0.01);锥切组胎膜早破率[19.35%(6/31)]高于对照组[7.11%(316/4 446)](P0.01);锥切组早产胎膜早破[9.68%(3/31)]高于对照组[1.17%(52/4 446)](P0.001);新生儿出生体重2 511～4 050 g,无新生儿窒息。两组新生儿出生体重比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);宫颈裂伤和分娩方式比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论宫颈冷刀锥切术是孕中期流产、早产和早产胎膜早破的高危因素,不增加宫颈裂伤的发生率,不影响分娩方式。