胃肠道间质瘤的多层螺旋CT表现及病理特点分析

目的 为进一步提高胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）的诊治水平提供依据.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的15例GIST患者的多层螺旋CT表现和病理检查结果.结果 多层螺旋CT检查示肿瘤位于食管1例、胃10例、小肠3例、结肠1例;肿块最大径3～ 15 cm;8例为腔外生长,4例为腔内生长,3例混合性生长;大多数密度不均匀,少数有囊变或坏死,增强扫描肿瘤实质部分大多中等至明显强化,静脉期持续强化.病理检查光镜下见肿瘤为梭形细胞型9例,上皮样细胞型4例,梭形及上皮样细胞混合型2例.免疫组织化学特征：CD117阳性13例（86.7％）,CD34阳性10例（66.7％）,Vimentin阳性14例（93.3％）,SMA阳性7例（46.7％）.结论 多层螺旋CT检查能准确显示GIST的肿瘤部位、形态、大小,确诊依赖病理和免疫组织化学检查.     

基于CT增强对肠系膜侵袭性纤维瘤病和胃肠道间质瘤的鉴别诊断

目的探讨肠系膜侵袭性纤维瘤病（MAF）与胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）的CT鉴别特征。 方法回顾性分析53例经病理证实的MAF（14例）和GIST（39例）的CT表现。对病灶的位置、形态和边界、强化方式、病灶内坏死、血管和空气、钙化等征象进行分析。测量长径（LD）、短径（SD）、CT值，并计算LD/SD比值、强化程度。采用t检验和受试者操作特征（ROC）曲线确定有意义的CT征象。当使用单一或多个CT特征时，计算敏感度和特异度。 结果MAF多位于胃肠道外（χ²=10.437，P=0.001）、卵圆形或不规则形（χ²=9.192，P=0.004）、强化均匀（χ²=12.458，P=0.000）、病灶内无坏死（χ²=6.632，P=0.014）及强化程度低（静脉期增加CT值约23.9±8.2 HU）。当联合强化均匀和LD/SD比值诊断MAF的敏感度和特异度分别为92.9%和97.4%。 结论胃肠外肠系膜、卵圆形或不规则形、均匀强化、病灶内无坏死、LD/SD≥1.19、动脉期强期增加CT值≤22 HU、静脉期强期增加CT值≤31 HU等7个CT指标有助于鉴别MAF与GIST。     

胃肠道间质瘤的CT诊断

目的 探讨CT对胃肠道间质瘤的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析我院经手术病理证实的33例胃肠道间质瘤患者的影像学资料,并将大体病理所见与CT表现相对照.结果 33例肿瘤CT表现为外生性或内生性肿块,肿块密度不均匀,中心伴有坏死囊变,实性部分轻度至中度强化.CT分型:黏膜下型15例,肌壁间型8例,浆膜下型10例.变性、出血、囊变及坏死在CT均表现为低密度.结论 CT对胃肠道间质瘤的检出率较高,根据肿瘤直径大小及肿瘤坏死可初步判断肿瘤恶性程度.     

老年性胃间质瘤的螺旋CT表现及其病理基础

目的探讨老年性胃间质瘤的螺旋CT表现,以提高对该病的认识。方法收集资料完整的老年性胃间质瘤47例,分析其螺旋CT表现及病理基础。结果良性11例,交界性9例,恶性27例;腔内型5例,腔外型30例,腔内外型12例。良性、交界肿瘤CT平扫呈圆形或类圆形均匀密度软组织肿块,肿瘤直径常小于5cm,增强扫描病灶呈中度以上的较均匀强化;恶性病变CT平扫为较大的不规则或分叶状肿块,其内有出血、坏死、囊变及钙化,增强扫描肿物呈不均匀强化,其内坏死、囊变区无强化,动脉期瘤体旁可见排列成簇状或线状增强的细小血管,静脉期病变强化程度高于动脉期。结合手术病理,CT对病变定位准确率为100％,定性准确率达91％。结论螺旋CT能很好反映老年性胃间质瘤的生长方式及病理基础,存肿瘤的检出、判断肿瘤与周围器官的关系、有无转移及良恶性鉴别等方面均有重要价值。     

外生型胃肠道间质瘤影像学表现及误诊分析

目的研究外生型胃肠道间质瘤的CT、钡餐造影特征及误诊原因,以提高外生型胃肠间质瘤的诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的10例外生型胃肠道间质瘤影像表现;检查方法包括：口服阳性对比剂CT平扫加增强扫描加三维重建（10例）;全消化道钡餐造影检查（5例）。结果 10例研究对象中,CT定位正确8例（80%）,其中定位胃2例,小肠6例,误诊2例。定性诊断正确6例（60%）。消化道钡餐定位5例,正确率100%。定性诊断正确3例（60%）。结论外生型胃肠道间质瘤CT特征：病灶体积大;中心坏死明显;肠间肿物,窦道不容易显示。钡餐造影可显示窦道,确定间质瘤与肠管的关系。对肿块与胃肠道关系的错误判断是外生型间质瘤误诊的主要原因。薄层增强CT扫描结合全消化道钡餐造影,能明显提高外生型胃肠道间质瘤的诊断准确率。     

胃肠道间质瘤多排螺旋计算机断层扫描表现与病理对照初步研究

胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumor,GIST)是最常见的消化道间叶源性肿瘤之一,占所有胃肠道肿瘤的1％.大部分GIST有特征性影像学表现,诊断不难.但体积巨大、病灶数目多、囊性变完全及起源难以确定者,诊断和鉴别诊断存在一定难度.本研究收集19例符合上述特点且经手术病理确诊的GIST的术前多排螺旋CT(multisliaspiral CT,MSCT)资料进行分析,旨在进一步提高对该病的认识.     

肝脏肿瘤囊实性病变的CT及MR特点分析

目的：探讨肝脏肿瘤囊实性病变的影像学特点,为其诊断及鉴别诊断提供依据。方法分析49例肝脏肿瘤（原发性肝细胞癌26例,肝内胆管癌3例,肝脏恶性纤维组织细胞瘤2例,炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤2例,肝脏囊腺瘤1例,肝脏转移瘤15例）患者的CT和MR影像学表现,总结其特点。结果肝细胞癌囊变区CT主要表现为形态不规则水样低密度,MR主要表现不规则长T1长T2混杂信号;CT及MR增强检查实性区具有“快进快出”强化特点。肝内胆管细胞癌CT表现为肿瘤中心部分不规则低密度囊变区,肿瘤周围可见迂曲扩张的胆管,MR表现为囊变区呈不规则长T1长T2混杂信号;CT及MR增强检查实性区均可见延时强化。肝脏恶性纤维组织细胞瘤CT表现为花环状或中心囊变。炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤CT表现为分隔状囊变,囊壁及分隔厚薄不均。肝脏胆管囊腺瘤CT表现为分隔状囊实性肿块,其内见壁结节。肝转移瘤表现为肝内多发病灶,具有边缘环形强化特点。结论 CT和MR为诊断肝脏肿瘤囊实性病变的较好方法。     

内镜超声引导下细针穿刺活检诊断外生型胃间质瘤2例

胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）是一种具有恶性潜能的非定向分化消化道间叶源性肿瘤．起源于胃肠道肌间神经丛的Cajal间质细胞,以腔内生长方式为主,表现为较大的球形或半球形隆起的质硬病灶,常规胃镜检查对诊断有提示作用Ⅲ。但向腔外生长的外生型GIST在常规胃镜检查时极易被漏诊。笔者等应用内镜超声（EUS）及其引导下的细针穿刺活检成功诊断了2例外生型胃间质瘤,现报道如下;     

胃间质瘤的CT表现及生物学评价相关性分析

[目的]分析胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumors,GIST)的CT表现并探讨对肿瘤恶性的预测价值。[方法]回顾性分析和评估经病理组织学检查和免疫组化检测证实为胃的GIST患者64例的CT检查影像表现,依照以下CT参数进行了分析:病变位置、大小、形态、边缘、生长方式、静脉对比增强方式、增强强度、邻近器官的侵犯、溃疡、瘘管、钙化、肠系膜脂肪浸润、淋巴结肿大及远处转移的存在,并根据GIST生物学行为进行分级评估与CT表现之间的关系。[结果]肿瘤病变位置多位于胃体(P=0.024);较多表现为外生性生长46%;多表现为中度增强(P=0.000),较少出现邻近器官的侵犯、钙化、肠系膜脂肪浸润、淋巴结肿大及远处转移(均P0.01);肿瘤大小与生长方式、增强方式均无统计学关联(P0.05);各侵袭危险性GIST分组在肿瘤大小、形态、生长方式、强化方式、强化强度、肠系膜脂肪浸润、淋巴结肿大、钙化、周围侵犯、转移方面有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]GIST具有特征性的CT影像学表现及临床特征,肿瘤的CT表现与生物学评价具有相关性,掌握其特征对于其诊断、治疗及预后评价具有重要意义。     

多层螺旋CT增强扫描对伴有肝转移的胃肝样腺癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨伴有肝转移的胃肝样腺癌（HAS）患者的增强多层螺旋CT(MSCT)特征。方法 回顾性分析2013年2月至2022年2月在郑州大学第一附属医院经病理确诊的8例HAS患者,8例患者均行腹部增强CT扫描,其中4例为术前（胃癌根治术）检查。男6例,女2例,中位年龄64岁。分析病灶影像学参数,包括动脉和静脉期的增强模式、坏死情况、静脉是否有血栓以及整体影像学诊断。结果 胃部病灶位于胃底和贲门4例（4/8,50%）、胃窦3例（3/8,37.5%）、胃底1例（1/8,12.5%）。分析4例术前胃部病灶图像,胃壁最大厚度为（22.02±3.64）mm,大体类型表现为隆起型2例、溃疡型1例、浸润型1例。肿瘤平扫呈软组织密度肿块,2例见低密度坏死区,4例均未见钙化。动脉期3例明显强化,1例中度强化。2例可见由于瘤内坏死引起的不均匀强化。8例HAS肝转移灶中6例为多发,2例为单发。轴位MSCT示7例患者最大肝转移癌灶>3 cm,且无论大小均可见坏死。6例癌灶边界清楚。增强强化不均匀,3例表现为环形强化。动脉期轻度强化6例,中度强化2例,呈典型“快进快出”模式。7例伴淋巴结转移,3例伴门脉侵犯...     

Management of early asymptomatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract. Approximately two thirds of clinically manifest tumors occur in the stomach, nearly one third in the small bowel, and the rest in the colorectal region with a few cas-es in the esophagus. GIST originate within the smooth muscle layer in the wall of the tubular gastrointestinal tract and grow mostly toward the serosa, far less often toward the mucosa. In the latter case, ulceration may develop and can cause gastrointestinal bleeding as the cardinal symptom. However, most GIST of the stomach are asymptomatic. They are increasingly detected incidentally as small intramural or submucosal tumors during endoscopy and particularly during endoscopic ultra-sound. Epidemiological and molecular genetic findings suggest that early asymptomatic GIST of the stomach( 1 cm) show self-limiting tumorigenesis. Thus, early( 1 cm) asymptomatic gastric GIST(synonym: micro-GIST) are found in 20%-30% of the elderly. The mostlyelderly people with early gastric GIST have an excellent GIST-specific prognosis. Patients with early GIST of the stomach can therefore be managed by endoscopic sur-veillance.     

Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor

AIM: To investigate the dinicopathological features of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and to study the reference indexes for malignancy. METHODS: Fifty-two cases of primary GIST were distinguished from a group of gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors using a panel of antibodies such as CD117 and CD34 by immunohistochemical SP method. Their biological behaviors were analyzed using the expression of p21WAF1 and Bax in 52 cases of GIST. RESULTS: Grossly, the tumor size was between 1.5 cm and 13 cm (mean: 5.5 cm). Focal areas of hemorrhage, necrosis, or small cyst formation could be seen. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of spindle cells (20 cases), epithelioid cells (20 cases) and mixed cells (12 cases). Immunohistochemically, CD117 and CD34 showed diffuse strong positive expressions, the positive rates were 98.1% and 92.3%. SMA, S-100, NSE, NF and MBP showed focal positive expressions, the positive rates were 48.1%, 28.8%, 25%, 21.2% and 42.3% respectively. Vimentins were all positive desmin and CgA were all negative. In normal adult stomach and intestine, the immunoreactive staining for CD117 and CD34 showed immunoreactive interstitial cells of Cajal in myenteric neuroplexus. Among the 52 cases of GIST, 27 were positive for p21WAF1 (51.9%), 29 for Bax (55.8%). The expression of p21WAF1 and Bax had no significent difference with the localization, size, histological subtype of GIST, but had a significent difference with the histological grade (P = 0.000, respectively). p21WAF1 expression had a positive correlation to Bax expression (r = 0.461, P = 0.001,κ= 0.459). CONCLUSION: GIST has complicated arrangements and various cell types. Positivity of CD117 and CD34 is the most valuable factor in diagnosing GIST. Expression of p21WAF and Bax plays an important role in potential malignancy and malignancy rather than in benign GIST. p21WAF1 and Bax may be used as the markers in the assessment of GIST malignant potential.     

Carcinoma arising in congenital choledochal cysts

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Congenital choledochal cyst is almost always associated with pancreaticobiliary maljunction and is sometimes associated with biliary carcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features and surgical treatment of choledochal cyst associated with carcinoma arising in the cyst wall. METHODOLOGY: Relationship of the clinicopathological findings and surgical treatment of 8 patients with histologically proven carcinoma that had developed in the choledochal cyst wall were examined to determine mode of tumor spread, multicentric tumor origins, and coincidence with other neoplastic lesions. RESULTS: Papillary adenocarcinoma (n = 5) had different clinicopathological features than tubular adenocarcinoma (n = 3). Radiologically, papillary adenocarcinoma presented as an eccentrically located polypoid mass in the cyst, while with tubular adenocarcinoma, there was evidence of bile duct stenosis with irregular thickening of the bile duct wall. Papillary adenocarcinoma was associated with extensive superficial spread (n = 1), synchronous (n = 2), or metachronous (n = 2) multicentric tumors. Pancreatoduodenectomy with (n = 1) or without (n = 1) hepatic lobectomy, and repeated resection by hepatic lobectomy (n = 2) were performed for these circumstances of tumors. Extensive or repeated resections allowed 3 patients to live longer than 2 years. Tubular adenocarcinoma was associated with scirrhously infiltrative spread and a poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Papillary adenocarcinoma frequently occurs in the choledochal cyst wall. Since aggressive resection offers survival benefits in papillary adenocarcinoma arising in the choledochal cyst wall, the presence of superficial spread and multicentric tumors should be identified and taken into account when planning surgery. Patients require close monitoring so that recurrent carcinoma of the remnant bile duct can be identified early.     

Clinical implications of doubling time of gastrointestinal submucosal tumors

AIM To evaluate the efficacy of doubling time(DT) of gastrointestinal submucosal tumors(GIST).METHODS From April 1987 through November 2012, a total of 323 patients were given a final histopathological diagnosis of GISTs on surgical resection or endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration(EUS-FNA) in Kitasato University East Hospital or Kitasato University Hospital. We studied 53 of these patients(34 with resected tumors and 19 with unresected tumors) whose tumors could be measured on EUS on at least two successive occasions. The histopathological diagnosis was GIST in 34 patients, leiomyoma in 5, schwannoma in 3, ectopic pancreas in 1, hamartoma in 1, cyst in 1, Brunner's adenoma in 1, and spindle-cell tumor in 7. We retrospectively calculated the DT of GISTs on the basis of the time course of EUS findings to estimate the growth rate of such tumors.RESULTS The DT was 17.2 mo for GIST, as compared with 231.2 mo for leiomyoma, 104.7 mo for schwannoma, 274.9mo for ectopic pancreas, 61.2 mo for hamartoma, 49.0 mo for cyst, and 134.7 mo for Brunner's adenoma. The GISTs were divided into risk classes on the basis of tumor diameters and mitotic figures(Fletcher's classification). The classification was extremely low risk or low risk in 28 patients, intermediate risk in 3, and high risk in 3. DT of GIST according to risk was 24.0 mo for extremely low-risk plus low-risk GIST, 17.1 mo for intermediate-risk GIST, and 3.9 mo for high-risk GIST. DT of GIST was significantly shorter than that of leiomyoma plus schwannoma(P 0.05), and DT of high-risk GIST was significantly shorter than that of extremely low-risk plus low-risk GIST(P 0.05).CONCLUSION For GIST, a higher risk grade was associated with a significantly shorter DT. Small SMTs should initially be followed up within 6 mo after detection.     

胃肠道外间质瘤预后因素分析

目的探讨胃肠道外间质瘤（EGIST）的临床特征及影响预后的因素。 方法回顾性分析2006年11月至2017年5月间辽宁省肿瘤医院收治的首次进行外科治疗且经病理证实的47例胃肠道外间质瘤患者的临床及随访资料,与本中心的254例胃肠间质瘤（GIST）患者资料进行对比。 结果EGIST与GIST患者在年龄（χ²=6.394,P<0.011）,肿瘤大小（χ²=60.941,P<0.001）,组织学类型（χ²=30.081,P<0.001）,CD117表达（χ²=52.99,P<0.001）,CD34表达（χ²=37.21,P<0.001）、Dog-1表达（χ²=24.57,P<0.001）,是否坏死（χ²=10.38,P=0.006）、改良NIH危险度分级（χ²=56.12,P<0.001）之间差异有统计学意义。EGIST患者1、2、3年生存率分别为84.6%、78.3%、63.4%;接受R0切除的EGIST患者25例（53.2%）。R0切除患者的生存率明显高于非R0切除患者（χ²=5.104,P=0.024）。其中,25例R0切除的患者中显示不同核分裂像、不同肿瘤直径大小、是否伴坏死与EGIST患者的预后未体现统计学意义（χ²=2.067,P=0.151;χ²=1.355,P=0.244;χ²=0.912,P=0.34）。 结论EGIST患者症状隐匿,不易早诊断,首次就诊时肿瘤体积往往较大。是否R0切除关系到患者的预后。     

胃肠道间质瘤患者生存和预后因素综合分析

目的 探讨影响胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)患者生存和预后的因素.方法 复阅153例患者切片,以免疫组化法检测CD117、CD34、血小板衍生生长因子受体-α和Ki-67蛋白表达,结合临床病理特征和GIST生物学行为分级,分析影响GIST患者生存和预后的相关因素.采用卡普兰一迈耶(Kaplan Meier)法和Cox比例风险模型比较不同因素对生存的影响.结果 患者1、3、5年生存率分别为94.1%、7 6.3%和6 5.9%.单因素分析显示,患者预后与肿瘤直径(χ2=40.5 6 5,P＜0.01)、肿瘤部位(χ2=13.245,P＜0.01)、核分裂象数目(χ2=22.6 26,P＜0.01)、危险度分级(χ2=19.186,P＜0.01)、肿瘤有无坏死(χ2=28.6 6 5,P＜0.01)、手术方式(χ2 9.110,P＜0.01)和Ki 6 7指数(χ2=1 5.9 5 3,P＜0.01)有关.多因素分析表明,肿瘤直径＞10 cm、位于肠道、核分裂象数目＞10/50 HPF、危险度分级属高度危险性、肿瘤有坏死及Ki 6 7指数＞5%与预后呈明显负相关.且Ki 6 7指数、肿瘤大小及核分裂象数目是GIST预后的强预告因子.结论 GIST生物学行为分级法对评价GIST患者预后具有较好的临床价值;判断GIST患者预后需结合Ki-67指数和肿瘤部位等因素,为治疗提供依据.     

The relationship between MIB-1 proliferative activity and mitotic index in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are mesenchymal tumors originating from the gastrointestinal canal wall. Although a number of studies are performed concerning prognostic factors, no indicators of recurrence or metastasis could be established. In this study we assessed the prognostic value of MIB-1 proliferative index (PI) in GIST, and whether there was a relationship to any other clinicopathological findings. METHODOLOGY: In the study 37 patients with GIST diagnosis were included. The cases were classified as low, intermediate, and high risk groups according to tumor size and mitotic activity. The average PI of 10% in high risk group was set as the cut-off value. RESULTS: Of all the cases, those with a MIB-1 PI over the cut-off value had a significantly shorter survival (Log-rank test, p < 0.05). Likewise cases with small bowel tumors with a MIB-1 PI over the cut-off value had a significantly shorter survival (Log-rank test, p < 0.05). A statistically significant negative correlation was found between presence of necrosis and survival using McPearson correlation test (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: MIB-1 PI and presence of necrosis are possible indicators of prognosis especially in GIST cases of the small bowel.     

Synchronous epithelioid stromal tumour and lipoma in the stomach.

An 82-year-old man presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. A polypoid lesion of the distal stomach with focal ulceration was seen at endoscopy. This was treated by a partial gastrectomy. The resected stomach contained two separate tumours near the pylorus: a gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) and an adjacent lipoma. The literature includes case reports of synchronously occurring GIST and adenocarcinoma, GIST and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and GIST and carcinoid tumour. Herein is the first case report of two distinct mesenchymal tumors coexisting in the stomach.     

KIT-negative gastrointestinal stromal tumors with a long term follow-up： A new subgroup does exist

AIMTo investigate the incidence of KIT immunoho-stochemical staining in(GI)stromal tumors(GISTs),and to analyze the clinical manifestations of the tumors and prognostic indicators.METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed 50 cases of Previously diagnosed GISTs.Tissue samples were assessed with KIT(CD117 antigen),CD34,SMA,desmin,S-100,NSE,PCNA,Ki-67,and BCL-2 for immunohistochemical study and pathological characteristics were analyzed for prognostic factors.RESULTSFifteen tumors(30%)were negative in KIT staining.A significant association was observed between gender(male patients14/15)and KIT-negative staining P = 0.003).The patients's mean age was 56.6 years.Tumors developed in stomach(n = 8),small intestine (n = 5),large intestine(n = 1)and oesophagus(n = 1).The mean tumor size was 5.72 cm.The mitotic count ranged from 0-29/50 HPF(mean3.4)and 73% of tumors showed no necrosis.The majority of the tumors(67%)had dual or epithelioid differentiation.Tumors were classified as very low or low risk(n = 7),intermediate risk(n = 5),and high risk(n = 3)groups.Twelve(80%)patients were alive without evidence of residual tumor for an average period of 40.25 mo(12-82 mo);three patients developed metastatic disease to the liver and eventually died within 2-12 mo(median survival8.6 mo).CONCLUSIONA small subgroup of GISTs fulfils the clinical and morphological criteria of these tumors,and lacks KIT expression.These tumors predominantly developed in the stomach,being dual or epithelioid in morphology,which are classified as low risk tumors and presented a better survival status than KIT-positive tumors.The ability to diagnose GISTs still depends on immunohistochemical staining but the research should extend in gene mutations.