活血利水方治疗脾肾阳虚兼瘀血型PNS的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨活血利水方治疗脾肾阳虚兼瘀血型原发性肾病综合征(Primary Nephrotic Syndrome,PNS)的临床疗效。方法:研究包括对照组29例、治疗组30例,共59例患者。两组病例患者均给予糖皮质激素、降脂抗凝药的常规基础治疗,对照组加服昆仙胶囊,治疗组加服自拟中药汤剂活血利水方,疗程8周。观察患者治疗的总疗效、中医证候积分变化,以及24 h尿蛋白定量、血浆白蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三脂、凝血功能指标的变化。结果:治疗后治疗组总有效率93.33%优于对照组的89.66%(P0.05);治疗组与对照组的中医证候疗效,中医证候积分差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组在减少尿蛋白,提高血浆白蛋白,降低血脂,改善肾病综合征高凝状态均优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:活血利水方对脾肾阳虚兼瘀血型PNS有明显的疗效,能显著改善患者的临床症状和体征,减少尿蛋白的漏出,提升血淸白蛋白,改善其高凝状态和高脂血症。     

中医方案治疗特发性膜性肾病肾病综合征的前瞻性、随机、对照、多中心临床研究

目的:观察中医方案治疗特发性膜性肾病的有效性与安全性。方法:采用多中心、随机、1∶1平行对照的临床研究方法观察中医综合方案治疗表现为肾病综合征的原发性膜性肾病的临床疗效。共入选190例受试者,所有受试者随机分组(其中试验组采用中医综合方案治疗,对照组采用激素加环磷酰胺方案治疗),并进入48周的临床治疗,所有受试者定期进行肾功能、24h尿蛋白、血白蛋白、中医症候积分及安全性指标的评价。结果:治疗48周后试验组24h尿蛋白定量明显下降,血白蛋白及eGFR的水平升高,与治疗前相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);试验组肾脏生存率及安全性均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);结论:中医综合方案可有效降低临床表现为肾病综合征的膜性肾病患者24h尿蛋白,提升其血浆白蛋白;与激素+CTX方案相比,中医方案在改善和保护膜性肾病患者肾功能方面更具优势,且具有更高的安全性。     

加减补阳还五汤治疗特发性膜性肾病的疗效观察

目的:观察加减补阳还五汤治疗特发性膜性肾病的临床疗效。方法:33例特发性膜性肾病患者使用加减补阳还五汤治疗12周,观察治疗前后中医症候积分、24 h蛋白尿定量及血浆白蛋白等变化。结果:与治疗前比较,治疗后的中医症候积分及24 h蛋白尿定量明显下降(P0.05),血浆白蛋白明显升高(P0.05)。结论:加减补阳还五汤能有效治疗特发性膜性肾病。     

雪莲益肾方联合西药治疗脾肾气虚型糖尿病肾病疗效及对氧化应激和足细胞损伤指标的影响

目的:探讨雪莲益肾方联合西药治疗脾肾气虚型糖尿病肾病疗效及对氧化应激和足细胞损伤指标的影响。方法:收集92例脾肾气虚型糖尿病肾病患者分为对照组(n=46)和观察组(n=46)。对照组予西药治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合雪莲益肾方治疗。比较疗效、24 h尿蛋白、24 h尿微量白蛋白、中医证候积分、氧化应激指标、足细胞损伤指标和不良反应。结果:观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组(93.5%vs 78.3%,P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组24 h尿蛋白、24 h尿微量白蛋白水平和中医证候积分低于对照组,氧化应激指标谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平高于对照组,丙二醛(MDA)水平低于对照组,足细胞损伤指标尿Nephrin和Podocin蛋白水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:雪莲益肾方联合西药治疗脾肾气虚型糖尿病肾病疗效确切,其机制可能与减轻氧化应激和足细胞损伤有关。     

黄葵胶囊治疗难治性膜性肾病的临床疗效观察

目的：观察黄葵胶囊治疗难治性膜性肾病的疗效。方法：将我院经激素标准疗程加环磷酰胺冲击治疗半年无效的难治性膜性肾病患者30例,采用随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组给予黄葵胶囊和泼尼松治疗14例,对照组给予泼尼松治疗16例。观察用药前后患者24 h尿蛋白定量、血清白蛋白、血肌酐、血谷丙转氨酶的变化,及两组治疗总有效率等,同时记录不良反应。结果：治疗24周后,两组总有效率为（治疗组vs对照组：92.9%vs 56.3%）,两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;治疗组治疗4、12和24周时24 h尿蛋白定量较对照组治疗同期减少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：黄葵胶囊治疗难治性膜性肾病能有效降低尿蛋白。     

健脾益肾化浊祛瘀方治疗糖尿病肾病CKD2-3期的临床观察

目的：观察健脾益肾化浊祛瘀方治疗糖尿病肾病CKD2-3期的临床疗效。方法：选择符合诊断标准的63例患者,随机分为两组：治疗组33例,对照组为30例,对照组采用西医基础治疗,治疗组在西医基础治疗上加服健脾益肾化浊祛瘀方。两组均为3个疗程（一个疗程为4周）后,观察两组的中医证候、Scr、BUN、e GFR、Cys-c、24 h尿蛋白定量的改变情况。结果：治疗组临床总有效率为71.88%,对照组临床总有效率为46.67%,治疗组治疗后较治疗前明显改善患者的中医各项证候,明显降低Scr、尿素氮、Cys-c、24 h尿蛋白定量,升高e GFR（P〈0.01）;组间比较,治疗后治疗组的中医证候、BUN、24 h尿蛋白定量、Scr值、Cys-c、较对照组明显降低,e GFR较对照组有明显升高,治疗组疗效优于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论：健脾益肾化浊祛瘀方可明显改善糖尿病肾病CKD2-3期的中医证候,改善肾功能,降低蛋白尿。     

肾脂肪囊注射甲基泼尼松龙治疗难治性肾病综合征

目的:探讨肾脂肪囊注射甲基泼尼松龙对难治性肾病综合征的治疗效果.方法:难治性肾病综合征35例,均为原发性肾小球疾病患者,在B超引导下每侧肾脂肪囊内注射甲基泼尼松龙40 mg,每周注射2次,8周为1个疗程.观察治疗前后24 h尿量、24 h尿蛋白定量、血白蛋白、谷丙转氨酶/谷草转氨酶、血肌酐、血糖、血总胆固醇和血电解质等的变化.结果:与治疗前比较,治疗后尿量增加(P＜0.01),24 h尿蛋白定量减少(P＜0.01),血总胆固醇下降(P＜0.05),其余观察指标无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论:B超引导下经肾脂肪囊注射甲基泼尼松龙治疗难治性肾病综合征,疗效较满意,技术方法可靠,安全性好,为难治性肾病综合征患者开辟了一条新的治疗途径.     

清益化瘀方治疗难治性肾病综合征临床观察

目的：观察清益化瘀方治疗难治性肾病综合征（RNS）的临床疗效。方法：将89例RNS患者随机分为对照组与治疗组。两组患者均给予常规及激素或激素联合免疫抑制剂治疗,在此基础上治疗组与清益化瘀方辨证加减治疗。6月后观察两组临床疗效。结果：对照组总有效率76.7%,治疗组为91.3%;治疗组整体疗效优于对照组（P〈0.05）。治疗组患者治疗后中医证候积分、中医证候疗效、降低尿蛋白、升高血浆白蛋白、降低血脂、保护肾功能、降低激素及细胞毒药物的毒副作用、降低感染的发生率及疾病的复发率方面均优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：清益化瘀方能提高RNS的临床缓解率,改善临床症状,并具有降低尿蛋白,升高血浆白蛋白,降低血脂,保护肾功能的作用,还可以减少激素及细胞毒药物的毒副作用,减少患者的感染次数及疾病的复发率;且均优于单纯西药治疗。     

通络保肾复方治疗早期糖尿病肾病的疗效观察

目的:观察通络保肾复方治疗早期糖尿病肾病的临床疗效。方法:选取符合诊断标准的早期糖尿病肾病56例,随机分为治疗组与对照组,两组给予西药厄贝沙坦基础治疗,治疗组在此基础上予以通络保肾复方治疗12周。观察治疗前后中医证候积分、尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐、糖化血红蛋白、肝肾功能、血脂等指标的变化。结果:12周后,治疗组总有效率为71. 4%,优于对照组(P 0. 05)。与对照组比较,治疗组的尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐明显下降;与治疗前比较,治疗组治疗后中医证候积分相比有所下降,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论:通络保肾复方治疗早期糖尿病肾病疗效显著,能明显改善临床症状,降低蛋白尿。     

通络保肾方治疗IgA肾病的临床研究

目的:观察通络保肾方(大黄虫丸加减)对IgA肾病(CKD1~2期)血瘀证的临床疗效。方法:将120例IgA肾病(CKD1~2期)血瘀证患者随机分为治疗组60例和对照组60例。在基础治疗的同时,治疗组加服通络保肾方,对照组加服氯沙坦钾片,共治疗8周。观察两组患者血瘀证证候、疾病疗效、血纤维蛋白原(Fb)、血抗凝血酶Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)活性、尿纤维蛋白原降解产物(FDP)、24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h UP)、尿白蛋白/肌酐比(ACR)、尿红细胞计数(RBC)、血肌酐(Scr)、估算肾小球滤过率(e GFR)的变化。结果:治疗组血瘀证积分较治疗前显著下降(P0.01),治疗组和对照组血瘀证证候总有效率分别为91.4%和57.9%(P0.01),疾病疗效总有效率分别为81.0%和82.5%(P0.05);与治疗前比较,治疗组血Fb降低(P0.05),血AT-Ⅲ显著升高(P0.01),尿FDP显著降低(P0.01);治疗组和对照组24 h UP均显著降低(P0.01),尿ACR、尿RBC均减少(P0.05),两组血Scr和e GFR均无明显变化(P0.05)。结论:通络保肾方能改善IgA肾病(CKD1~2期)血瘀证临床证候,降低血Fb,升高血AT-Ⅲ活性,降低尿FDP水平,减少蛋白尿、血尿,稳定肾功能。     

Anti -PLA2R autoantibodies in serum and IgG subclass deposits on glomeruli in undetermined atypical membranous nephropathy

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristic of autoantibodies of M – type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) in serum and the glomerular IgG subclass deposits in undetermined atypical membranous nephropathy (MN) patients. MethodsFrom Feb 2004 to Nov 2011, 53 cases diagnosed as MN by kidney puncture biopsy in our hospital were included into the study. There were 20 undetermined atypical membranous nephropathy (UAMN), 20 idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) and 13 secondary membranous nephropathy (SMN) which were composed of lupus membranous nephropathy (LMN) and HBV related membranous nephropathy (HBV-MN). Clinlical and pathological characteristics were analyzed. The autoantibodies of PLA2R in serum were detected and the glomerular IgG subclass deposits were observed. Results(1) The average age underwent renal biopsy was (37.9±3.8) years of UAMN, (50.1±3.0) years of IMN and (49.5±4.5) years of SMN. The difference in onset average age at disease was significant between UAMN and IMN (P＝0.0178). The female/male ratio (F/M) in UAMN, IMN and SMN was 0.8∶1, 0.7∶1 and 0.6∶1(P＞0.05). (2) Compared with SMN, the level of 24-hours urinary protein excretion (3.47 g vs 7.89 g, P＝0.023), the ratio of amount urinary protein patients (50.0% vs 84.6%, P＝0.043), the level of serum IgG [(8.40±3.58) g/L vs (10.09±4.69) g/L, P＝0.025] and the positive rate of ANA in serum (10.0% vs 53.8%, P＝0.006) in UAMN were all much lower. There were no significant statistical differences in serum albumin, serum creatinine, eGFR, positive rate of HBsAg, HBeAg or HCV, as well as the ratio of hypo - albuminemia and nephritic syndrome among the three groups. (3) IF positive rate of IgA, IgM and C1q in UAMN were all significantly higher than that in IMN (P＜0.01). There were no significant differences in IF positive rate of IgA, IgM, C1q, IgG and C3 between UAMN and SMN. The IF strength of IgA, IgG, IgM, C3 and C1q in UAMN showed no significant differences between UAMN and SMN. (4) The serum autoantibodies of PLA2R were only detected in 10 cases of IMN group (50%) with all the other cases negative. This detection rate of serum autoantibodies of PLA2R showed significant statistical differences among the three groups (P＜0.01), but no differences between UAMN and SMN (the detection rate in both groups were 0%). (5) IgG1 deposits was the dominant IgG on the glomeruli in UAMN group (40%), as well as in SMN group (76.9%). IgG4 deposits was the dominant IgG on the glomeruli in IMN group (60%). The positive rate of IgG1 and IgG3 in UAMN showed no significant statistical differences when compared with IMN or SMN. The positive rate of IgG2 in UAMN was significantly lower than in SMN（30.0% vs 69.2%, P＜0.05). The positive rate of IgG4 in UAMN was significantly lower than in IMN (20% vs 60%, P＜0.05). The positive rate of IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 in SMN were all significantly higher than in IMN. ConclusionsNone of the UAMN group had autoantibodies of PLA2R in serum, and IgG1 deposits was the dominant IgG subclass on the glomeruli which indicated the similarity with the SMN group. At the same time, UAMN was significantly different from SMN in clinical manifestations.     

Effects of steroid therapy on membranous nephropathy

BACKGROUND: Although membranous nephropathy is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults, its treatment remains under debate. METHODS: To clarify the effects of steroid therapy, the data of 51 Japanese adult patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy who received treatment at our department were analyzed retrospectively. We divided the patients with nephrotic syndrome and a serum creatinine level <1.7 mg/dL, into two groups: the steroid therapy group (n=20) and the non-steroid therapy group (n=7), and compared the clinical characteristics between the two groups. RESULTS: Significantly decreased proteinuria levels (p<0.05) after 2 and 5 years were observed in the steroid therapy group as compared to the non-steroid therapy group. There was no significant difference in the serum creatinine levels after 2 and 5 years between the steroid therapy group and the non-steroid therapy group. CONCLUSION: Steroid therapy in idiopathic membranous nephropathy showed good efficacy in patients with nephrotic syndrome.     

165例特发性膜性肾病临床及病理特征与肾功能的相关性分析

目的 研究特发性膜性肾病（IMN）患者肾功能水平与临床及病理特征之间的相关性。方法 对2010年1月至2016年12月于深圳大学附属第一医院确诊的165例IMN患者的临床及病理资料进行回顾性分析；按照基线肾功能水平eGFR（估算肾小球滤过率）分为CKD1期组、CKD2期组、CKD3+4+5期组,比较患者人口学、临床生化指标及病理指标等的差异。采用相关性方程分析肾功能与年龄、24 h尿蛋白量、血压、临床生化指标及病理指标的相关性。采用二元logistic回归方程分析影响肾功能下降的危险因素。结果 ①患者年龄14～84（45.33±15.19）岁，临床表现为肾病综合征82例（49.6%）,伴高血压76例（46.1%）,合并水肿129例（78.1%）；②与CKD1期的患者相比，CKD2期以上的患者临床及病理具有男性比例高、高龄、高血压及肾病综合征发生率高的特点,且CKD分期越高（即eGFR水平越低）的患者，肾小球节段硬化、肾间质炎症细胞浸润及肾小动脉壁增厚的比例越高；③相关性分析结果提示，肾功能与年龄、高血压、24 h尿蛋白、血清尿酸水平、肾间质炎症细胞浸润、肾小管萎缩、肾小动脉壁增厚呈负相关（P<0.05）；④logistic多因素回归分析显示性别、24 h尿蛋白定量、高尿酸血症、肾间质炎症细胞浸润为IMN患者肾功能损害的独立危险因素。结论 IMN患者初诊时年龄、是否合并肾病综合征及高血压是eGFR下降的相关因素；男性、大量蛋白尿、高尿酸血症、肾间质炎症细胞浸润是影响IMN患者肾功能重要的预测因子。     

清热利湿法治疗大肠湿热证溃疡性结肠炎30例

目的:对比观察清热利湿法及柳氮磺胺吡啶(SASP)治疗大肠湿热证溃疡性结肠炎(UC)临床疗效,并探讨其相关机制。方法:60例大肠湿热证UC患者随机分为两组,中药组给予清热利湿方治疗,与SASP治疗30例进行对照(西药组),观察两组治疗前后临床症状、黏膜镜下表现、免疫球蛋白(IgA、IgG、IgM)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的变化。结果:中药组总有效率为93%,西药组为77%(P<0.05);中药及西药均可显著降低Ig、TNF-α和IL-6水平,但中药组作用优于西药组(P<0.01或P<0.05),且中药组毒副反应发生率低于西药组。结论:清热利湿法治疗大肠湿热证UC疗效明显,中药调节免疫、抑制炎症反应的作用优于单纯应用SASP,且毒副作用更低。     

甲钴胺联合叶酸治疗2型糖尿病肾病伴高血清同型半胱氨酸血症患者临床疗效及安全性

目的 探究甲钴胺联合叶酸治疗2型糖尿病肾病（DN）伴高血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）血症患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2015年8月至2016年7月期间本院收治的70例2型DN伴高Hcy血症患者分为两组,各35例。对照组采用常规西药综合治疗（短效注射胰岛素、盐酸贝那普利片、缬沙坦分散片）,观察组在此基础上辅以甲钴胺联合叶酸治疗,两组均连续治疗52周,对比两组临床疗效及两组治疗前后24 h尿蛋白定量（24 h Pro）、血Hcy水平,并记录两组治疗安全性。结果 观察组总有效率为88.6%（31/35）,高于对照组的77.1%（27/35）（P<0.05）。观察组治疗后12、20、36、52周的24 h Pro均低于同期对照组（P<0.05）。观察组治疗后12、20、36、52周的血Hcy均分别低于同期对照组（P<0.05）。两组均未发生严重药物不良反应。结论 对DN伴高Hcy血症患者加用甲钴胺、叶酸治疗的临床疗效确切,有助于降低血Hcy水平,以减少尿蛋白排泄,且治疗安全可靠。     

糖尿病肾病中医证型与CRP指标关系探讨

目的：探讨糖尿病肾病（diabetic nephropathy,DN）患者中医证型分布特征与炎症指标C反应蛋白（CRP）的关系。方法：将2010年中国人民解放军总医院门诊及住院部糖尿病肾病患者64例分为阴虚燥热、气阴两虚、脾肾气虚（阳）、阴阳两虚4种本证组和兼湿证、兼瘀证、兼痰瘀证3种标证组,并选择50名健康志愿者为正常对照组（NC组）,所有纳入者以速率散射比浊法测定C反应蛋白。结果：与正常健康人50例作对照,糖尿病肾病患者CRP水平（1.73±2.91）mg/dl明显高于NC组（0.54±0.16）mg/dl,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。DN各本证证型组血清CRP水平的比较显示,随着证型由阴虚燥热、脾肾气（阳）虚、气阴两虚、阴阳两虚的演变,患者血清CRP水平逐渐升高,且阴虚燥热、脾肾气虚、气阴两虚分别与阴阳两虚组比较,结果差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。标证中,痰瘀证与NC组、无兼证组与NC组及痰瘀证与血瘀证组比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：血CRP水平与中医证型相关,在一定程度上为中医辨证分型提供客观依据。     

慢性肾脏病3期中医证候分布与实验室指标的相关性研究

目的分析慢性肾脏病（CKD）3期患者中医证候与实验室指标相关性。方法将60例慢性原发性肾小球疾病、CKD3期（肾小球滤过率30-59ml／min）、中医辨证均符合气阴（血）两虚证、肾络瘀痹、风湿内扰证或湿热内蕴证的患者为研究对象,按照统一的标准对患者进行询问调查,并详细填写凋查表。结果60例患者中医证候主要以肾气阴（血）两虚为主,所占比例达60％,湿热内蕴证占2%。风湿内扰证患者的24h尿蛋白定量明显高于非风湿内扰证患者。肾络瘀痹较非肾络瘀痹肾功能下降明显。各证型组间血常规、血尿素氮、血尿酸比较无显著差异。中医证候总积分与24h尿蛋白定量、三酰甘油（TG）和总胆同醇（TC）水平呈正相关,与肾小球滤过率水平呈负相关。结论CKD3期中医证候分布和实验室指标有一定的相关性,对于评估预后、指导临床治疗有一定意义。     

Effect of cyclosporine therapy on idiopathic membranous nephropathy presented with refractory nephrotic syndrome

Background. Recent studies suggested the possible benefits of cyclosporine (CsA) therapy in patients with membranous nephropathy, although most of these studies were short-term. An uncontrolled retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the long-term effect of CsA therapy on idiopathic membranous nephropathy presented with refractory nephrotic syndrome. Methods. The subjects were eight patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy presenting with refractory nephrotic syndrome. All patients had received a course of corticosteroid therapy before CsA therapy, and had not responded to the corticosteroid, including one or two administrations of intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy. The CsA doses were adjusted to maintain trough blood level at 100 ng/ml during the first 3 months and then reduced to maintain the level at 50 ng/ml in patients who had responded to partial remission. Results. CsA therapy induced a marked decrease in proteinuria from the first month, and a significant decrease from month 3 and thereafter. The mean serum total protein and albumin levels rose, and total cholesterol fell significantly with CsA therapy. The serum creatinine level was unchanged during CsA therapy. Three patients showed complete remission and two were in partial remission, while three were nephrotic at 12 months of CsA therapy. From 18 to 24 months of CsA therapy, three patients were in complete remission, four were in partial remission, and one patient was nephrotic. There were no side effects of CsA, except for gum hyperplasia and hypertrichosis in one patient. Conclusion. These results suggest that long-term CsA therapy at a low or moderate dose is potentially effective and safe in most nephrotic patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy refractory to corticosteroid therapy. Received: February 22, 1999 / Accepted: July 30, 1999     

One-center experience with cyclosporine in refractory nephrotic syndrome in children

 Uncontrolled or refractory nephrotic syndrome (NS), seen in a variety of glomerular disorders, leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study describes the use and efficacy of cyclosporine (CSA) for the treatment of refractory NS in 83 children seen over a 10-year period. The histological diagnosis leading to the NS was focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in 51% (n=42), IgM nephropathy in 20% (n=17), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in 10% (n=8), lupus nephritis in 6% (n=5), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) nephropathy in 5% (n=4), minimal change disease in 7% (n=6), and membranous nephropathy in 1% (n=1) of patients. During CSA therapy the mean proteinuria of the study population decreased from 5.14 g/24 h (4.80 g/m² per 24 h) to 1.23 g/24 h (0.92 g/m² per 24 h) (P<0.001), the mean serum albumin increased from 2.13 g/dl to 3.53 g/dl (P<0.001), the mean serum cholesterol decreased from 364 mg/dl to 223 mg/dl (P<0.001), and the mean serum creatinine increased from 0.77 mg/dl to 1.2 mg/dl (P<0.01). When analyzed by histological diagnosis, similar significant trends of reduction in proteinuria were seen in all but the lupus group. There was a rise in serum creatinine following the use of CSA in patients with FSGS, lupus nephritis, and HIV nephropathy; however the elevated serum creatinine was only significant in patients with FSGS. At the end of the study period, 20 patients had reached ESRD, of which 11 had FSGS, 5 had lupus nephritis, and 4 were patients with HIV nephropathy. Fifty-four patients were in remission at the end of the study period (48 with proteinuria <100 mg/24 h and 6 with proteinuria <500 mg/24 h). In conclusion, among children with refractory NS, CSA induced a remission in a large proportion. However toxicity, as noted by the rise in serum creatinine, was observed in several patients. Since this toxicity may be drug induced or a natural progression of the disease, careful monitoring and close follow-up are essential. Received: 21 October 1997 / Revised: 30 April 1998 / Accepted: 29 May 1998     

环孢霉素A与环磷酰胺联合激素治疗膜性肾病的疗效比较

目的：比较环孢霉素A（CSA）与环磷酰胺（CTX）联合激素治疗成年人特发性膜性肾病（IMN）的疗效和安全性。方法：76例原发性肾病综合征患者经肾活检确诊为IMN,在诊断上排除了继发性膜性肾病,单用激素治疗无效或复发,随机分两组分别予CSA联用糖皮质激素治疗（CSA组）或CTX联用糖皮质激素治疗（CTX组）,疗程至少12个月。观察各组的24h尿蛋白定量、血浆白蛋白、肾功能、血糖、白细胞总数及其不良反应,以及治疗前后的完全缓解率、部分缓解率。全部患者且在正式进入研究治疗前未用或已停用类固醇激素和细胞毒药物达半年以上。结果：治疗3个月末,CsA组的24h尿蛋白、胆固醇、三酰甘油显著低于CTX组（P均〈0.01）,血清白蛋白显著高于CTX组（P〈0.01）。两组患者的血肌酐比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,而CTX组的WBC显著低于CsA组（P〈0.01）。CsA组完全缓解率显著高于CTX组（χ2=4.6317,P〈0.05）。治疗12个月末两组的完全缓解率差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.2575,P〉0.05）。CsA组的不良反应发生率（8/40=20.0%）显著低于CTX组（15/36=41.7%）（χ2=4.2146,P〈0.05）。结论：与CTX相比,CsA联用糖皮质激素对IMN治疗12个月的总体疗效相当,但CsA起效更快,近期疗效更好,不良反应更小。CsA≤5mg.kg-1.d-1用于肾功能正常IMN患者是安全有效的。