基于心肺运动试验评价心血管疾病的临床康复优势

通过心肺运动试验（CPET）对心血管疾病（CVD）患者进行临床诊断和疗效评估已成为心脏康复（CR）领域的研究热点。本文基于CPET诊断和疗效评估优势,对核心指标如峰值耗氧量、无氧阈、心率储备、氧脉搏、代谢当量、二氧化碳通气斜率、吸氧效率斜率等的优势和特点进行总结,通过CPET相关随机对照临床试验,深入评估CPET在冠心病患者的心脏康复处方制定与调整、心脏康复疗效评价中的作用,为临床运用CPET辅助冠心病患者进行心脏康复提供依据和参考。     

心血管疾病中认知衰弱的研究进展

认知衰弱是无痴呆的患者同时存在衰弱和轻度认知障碍的状态。认知衰弱直接影响心血管疾病患者的健康,增加失能、降低生活质量。现对老年心血管疾病患者认知衰弱的概念、评估、流行病学、预后、机制和干预措施进行综述。     

急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后的心脏康复现状及进展

<正>由于人们生活方式的变化和生活水平的提高,人群中当中冠心病、高血压等心血管疾病的发病率也随之增加,其中急性心肌梗死(AMI)明显增加~(〔1〕)。同时随着医疗水平的提高,越来越多的AMI患者得到经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)治疗的机会也大大增加,这也使得AMI患者PCI术后相应的心脏康复在冠心病患者心脏康复当中所占得比重也显著增加了。1 AMI患者PCI术后心脏康复的目的与意义     

老年衰弱的评估及其与冠心病的关系

年龄是衰弱的独立危险因素,随着我国人口老龄化进程加速,我国的衰弱人群不断增加。冠心病的发病率随着年龄的增加而增加,我国冠心病患者大约为1 100万。研究发现,衰弱与冠心病发病及预后密切相关。本文将重点介绍衰弱的发病率、评估工具及危险因素,阐述衰弱与冠心病的相关作用机制及国内外研究进展,以期为改善衰弱冠心病患者的预后提供依据。     

老年冠心病患者衰弱的危险因素与全身性炎症反应指数的相关性分析

目的 探讨老年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）患者衰弱的危险因素与全身性炎症反应指数（SIRI）的相关性。方法 回顾性分析175例老年冠心病患者,采用Fried量表进行衰弱评估,根据评估将患者分为衰弱组和非衰弱组,分析老年冠心病患者衰弱的相关影响因素,采用多因素Logistic回归分析衰弱的危险因素。绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析SIRI对老年冠心病患者衰弱的预测界值,确定曲线下面积（AUC）、最佳界值。结果 研究共纳入175例老年冠心病患者中,衰弱组103例（58.9%）;非衰弱组72例（41.1%）;单因素分析结果显示衰弱组与非衰弱组在脑卒中病、慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）、心功能不全、年龄、收缩压、单核细胞、SIRI上均存在显著差异（P<0.05）;二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示COPD、年龄、收缩压、SIRI是老年冠心病患者发生衰弱的独立危险因素;SIRI预测衰弱的AUC为0.623(SE=0.043,P<0.05,95%CI:0.538～0.707),最佳界值为1.000。结论 COPD、年龄、收缩压、SIRI增加了老年冠心病患者衰弱的风险,SIRI...     

衰弱综合征合并心血管疾病及其评估工具的研究进展

衰弱综合症是老年人的重要健康问题之一,往往预后不良。对老年心血管疾病患者中的衰弱综合征进行诊断,对于准确的风险分层和制定治疗决策至关重要。该文介绍衰弱综合征合并心血管疾病及其评估工具的研究进展。     

老年冠心病患者居家心脏康复参与意向现状及其影响因素分析

目的探讨老年冠心病患者居家心脏康复参与意向现状及其影响因素, 并提出提高老年冠心病患者参与居家心脏康复意向的方案。方法采用便利抽样法纳入2022年2月1日至2023年1月25日山东省齐鲁医院就诊的冠心病患者226例, 收集患者性别、年龄、文化程度、病程等一般资料及是否有参与居家心脏康复的意向, 分别使用慢性病患者健康素养量表、健康行为能力自评量表、社会支持评定量表、生活质量量表(SF-12)评估患者健康素养、健康行为的能力以及社会支持情况。以老年冠心病患者是否有意向参与居家心脏康复为因变量进行二元Logistic回归分析, 探究老年冠心病患者参与居家心脏康复意向的独立影响因素及其效应。结果无康复意向患者196(86.73%)例, 有康复意向患者30(13.27%)例, 多数老年冠心病患者无参与居家心脏康复的意向。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示, 经历过经皮冠状动脉介入术治疗(OR=0.277, P<0.01)、并存其他疾病(OR=0.322, P<0.05)、住院期间接受过专业康复指导(OR=0.367, P<0.05)与老年冠心病患者参与居家心脏康复意向呈负相...     

个性化护理干预在老年冠心病患者心脏康复中的应用

目的探讨个性化护理干预在老年冠心病患者心脏康复中的应用效果。方法将2016年至2017年于我院确诊为冠心病的老年患者进行院内个性化护理干预及院外随访,将患者分为干预组和对照组进行数据统计分析,观察个性化护理干预在老年冠心病患者心脏康复中所起的作用。结果干预组患者血压、血脂、体重等心血管可干预危险因素管理优于对照组患者。结论个性化护理干预对老年冠心病患者心脏康复起着不可取代的作用,提高患者生存及生活质量。     

我国心脏康复发展历程及心脏运动康复研究进展

随着近年来医疗技术如经皮冠状动脉介入治疗、冠状动脉旁路移植术等的进步,我国冠心病患者病死率有所下降,但仍有部分冠心病患者经治疗后未能回归正常生活。心脏康复作为治疗心血管疾病的新模式,可通过全面精准管理和全程康复而有效提高冠心病患者心血管健康获益。本文综述了我国心脏康复的发展历程及心脏运动康复研究进展,以期为冠心病的有效防治提供参考。     

衰弱对老年心血管疾病住院患者预后的影响

目的 评估因心血管疾病住院的老年患者中衰弱的发生情况,并探讨衰弱对预后的影响.方法 本研究为前瞻性队列研究,连续纳入2018年9月至2019年2月在北京医院心内科因心血管疾病住院的老年患者.建立电子数据库,详细记录研究对象的一般临床资料.采用Fried衰弱表型进行衰弱评估.分别在患者入组后3个月、6个月和12个月进行门...     

Cardiac rehabilitation in the elderly: patient selection and outcomes

In Western countries, the aging and improving survival of patients with coronary heart disease are responsible for an increasing number of older adults (65 years of age and older) who are eligible for cardiac rehabilitation. The elderly with coronary heart disease represent a special population with changes induced by aging and lifestyle, comorbidity, cognitive dysfunction, and high risk of disability. Although the elderly account for the majority of cardiac admissions and procedures, studies on cardiac rehabilitation have traditionally focused on younger patients. In aged experimental animals, there is evidence that exercise training is able to improve hemodynamic parameters and biologic markers. Moreover, in older patients, exercise improves functional capacity and reduces myocardial work, similar to that seen in younger patients. As for younger patients, cardiac rehabilitation requires a multidisciplinary approach, including comprehensive assessment, treatment of risk factors and comorbidity, and psychosocial assessment. Cardiac rehabilitation is safe and helpful for elderly coronary patients. Physicians must be encouraged to prescribe cardiac rehabilitation programs for the elderly following major coronary events and coronary revascularization procedures.     

Recommendations of the Geriatric Cardiology Section of the Spanish Society of Cardiology for the Assessment of Frailty in Elderly Patients With Heart Disease

Frailty is an age-associated clinical syndrome characterized by a decrease in physiological reserve in situations of stress, constituting a state of vulnerability that involves a higher risk of adverse events. Its prevalence in Spain is high, especially in elderly individuals with comorbidity and chronic diseases. In cardiovascular disease, frailty is associated worse clinical outcomes and higher morbidity and mortality in all scenarios, in both acute and chronic settings, and could consequently influence diagnosis and treatment. However, frailty is often not addressed or included when planning the management of elderly patients with heart disease. In this article, we review the available scientific evidence and highlight the most appropriate scales for the measurement and assessment of frailty, some of which are more useful and have better predictive capacity than others, depending on the clinical context. We also underline the importance of properly identifying and assessing frailty in order to include it in the treatment and care plan that best suits each patient.     

衰弱与心血管疾病关系的研究进展

衰弱是一种复杂的老年综合征,可导致老年人抗应激能力和维持自身稳态能力降低,与跌倒、失能和死亡等不良结局相关。心血管疾病在老年人群中有很高的发病率,且越来越多的研究发现衰弱和心血管疾病关系密切,衰弱能够影响多种心血管疾病如心力衰竭、高血压等预后。因此,在临床工作中充分认识衰弱和心血管疾病的关系以及衰弱对心血管疾病预后的影响,可帮助临床医师为心血管疾病患者制定更好的疾病管理策略,有效地延缓或避免不良结局发生。     

重症新型冠状病毒肺炎对冠心病药物治疗的影响及策略

新型冠状病毒肺炎患者不仅具有典型的呼吸道症状,同时也表现出一定程度的心脏损伤。合并心血管疾病的新型冠状病毒肺炎患者病情容易恶化,病死率高。冠心病作为中老年人最常见的心血管疾病广泛存在于重症新型冠状病毒肺炎患者中,对病程转归造成严重的影响。本文将探讨重症新型冠状病毒肺炎对冠心病患者药物治疗的影响,以优化治疗策略,改善患者的预后。     

The need for long-term personalized management of frail CVD patients by rehabilitation and telemonitoring: A framework

Due to advances in cardiovascular medicine and preventive cardiology, patients benefit from a better prognosis, even in case of significant disease burden such as acute and chronic coronary syndromes, advanced valvular heart disease and chronic heart failure. These advances have allowed CVD patients to increase their life expectancy, but on the other hand also experience aging-related syndromes such as frailty. Despite being underrecognized, frailty is a critical, common, and co-existent condition among older CVD patients, leading to exercise intolerance and compromised adherence to cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR). Moreover, frail patients need a different approach for CR and are at very high risk for adverse events, but yet are underrepresented in conventional CR. Fortunately, recent advances have been made in technology, allowing remote monitoring, coaching and supervision of CVD patients in secondary prevention programs with promising benefits. Similarly, we hypothesized that such programs should also be implemented to treat frailty in CVD patients. However, considering frail patients’ particular needs and challenges, telerehabilitation interventions should thus be appropriately adapted. Our purpose is to provide, for the first time and based on expert opinions, a framework of how such a cardiac telerehabilitation program could be developed and implemented to manage a prevention and rehabilitation program for CVD patients with frailty.     

Effects of long-term and ongoing cardiac rehabilitation in elderly patients with coronary heart disease

The authors assessed the effect of very long-term cardiac rehabilitation (over 1 year) on exercise tolerance and coronary heart disease risk factors in patients older than 80 years with coronary heart disease relative to an elderly cohort without coronary heart disease. Included in this retrospective analysis were patients older than 80 at the time of their last evaluation who had completed at least 1 year of a cardiac prevention and exercise training program. A total of 43 coronary heart disease patients and 15 age-matched healthy subjects were included in this study. Long-term cardiac rehabilitation in very elderly coronary heart disease patients was shown to be feasible and effective in improving functional capacity (+5.4% after 1 year; P< .05) and risk factor control, and slowing the decline in exercise tolerance that occurs with normal aging.     

老年冠心病患者抗血小板治疗

随着老龄社会的到来,老年冠心病患者显著增加,且常伴有一种或多种合并症.血小板在动脉粥样硬化的进展和冠脉事件的发生中起着关键性作用,因此在老年患者中充分评估病情,合理应用抗血小板药物不仅可以显著降低不良心血管事件的发生,同时也可以减少药物所带来的不良影响.现就对老年冠心病患者抗血小板治疗的临床现状做一综述.     

抗阻运动对老年心脏康复作用的研究进展

心血管疾病已成为我国居民致残致死的首要病因,心脏康复对心血管疾病患者十分重要,可以提高生活质量、运动能力和体力活动能力,降低再住院率和病死率。抗阻运动是心脏康复的重要组成部分,可以提高肌肉力量、耐力和身体活动能力。本综述旨在总结抗阻运动对老年人群心脏康复的作用,为更好的改善老年心血管病患者的预后提供帮助。     

Lipid-lowering therapy for elderly patients at risk for coronary events and stroke

Hyperlipidemia continues to be a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary heart disease, in the elderly population. Despite the fact that hyperlipidemia does not seem to be a major risk factor for stroke, therapy for hyperlipidemia, especially with statins, has clearly been demonstrated to reduce both coronary heart disease events and stroke, with the most convincing data being for the elderly population. Although we review some safety concerns with statin therapy applicable to the elderly, statins alone or with other proved therapies, including fibrates, niacin, and exercise training, have been demonstrated to reduce major cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease and stroke in the elderly. In addition, this therapy can be safely administered to most elderly patients and seems to have either neutral or slightly beneficial effects on dementia. Therefore, aggressive lipid treatment, particularly with statins, is needed in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly.     

Cardiac rehabilitation and preventive cardiology in the elderly

This article reviews data demonstrating the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training programs in the elderly. Other risk factor interventions, including cessation of smoking, treatment of diabetes, and lipid therapy, are very beneficial for the elderly with coronary heart disease or strong risk of coronary heart disease. Also briefly reviewed are current data suggesting the benefits of antioxidant vitamins, and folic acid to reduce levels of homocysteine for the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in the elderly.