尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄的腔内治疗

目的 探讨腔内技术治疗尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄的临床应用价值.方法 膀胱癌尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄患者9例,狭窄段长度1～3 cm,均采用腔内技术治疗,顺行经皮肾处理8例,逆行输尿管镜处理1例;术中使用高压气囊配合筋膜扩张器扩张,术后留置双J管.结果 随访0.5～5.0年.1例吻合口闭锁患者术后3个月仍为重度积水,患者拒绝开放手术而长期留置肾造瘘管;8例患者肾积水减轻,再次逆行扩张狭窄段并留置双J管,其中5例经2～3次扩张换管,拔除双J管后复查肾积水稳定于轻度状态;3例拔除双J管后腰痛不适,需要长期留置双J管.结论 尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄腔内技术治疗效果良好,可避免开放手术的风险.     

尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄的腔内治疗

目的 探讨腔内技术治疗尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄的临床应用价值.方法 膀胱癌尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄患者9例,狭窄段长度1～3 cm,均采用腔内技术治疗,顺行经皮肾处理8例,逆行输尿管镜处理1例;术中使用高压气囊配合筋膜扩张器扩张,术后留置双J管.结果 随访0.5～5.0年.1例吻合口闭锁患者术后3个月仍为重度积水,患者拒绝开放手术而长期留置肾造瘘管;8例患者肾积水减轻,再次逆行扩张狭窄段并留置双J管,其中5例经2～3次扩张换管,拔除双J管后复查肾积水稳定于轻度状态;3例拔除双J管后腰痛不适,需要长期留置双J管.结论 尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄腔内技术治疗效果良好,可避免开放手术的风险.     

尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄的腔内治疗

目的 探讨腔内技术治疗尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄的临床应用价值.方法 膀胱癌尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄患者9例,狭窄段长度1～3 cm,均采用腔内技术治疗,顺行经皮肾处理8例,逆行输尿管镜处理1例;术中使用高压气囊配合筋膜扩张器扩张,术后留置双J管.结果 随访0.5～5.0年.1例吻合口闭锁患者术后3个月仍为重度积水,患者拒绝开放手术而长期留置肾造瘘管;8例患者肾积水减轻,再次逆行扩张狭窄段并留置双J管,其中5例经2～3次扩张换管,拔除双J管后复查肾积水稳定于轻度状态;3例拔除双J管后腰痛不适,需要长期留置双J管.结论 尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄腔内技术治疗效果良好,可避免开放手术的风险.     

尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄的腔内治疗

目的 探讨腔内技术治疗尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄的临床应用价值.方法 膀胱癌尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄患者9例,狭窄段长度1～3 cm,均采用腔内技术治疗,顺行经皮肾处理8例,逆行输尿管镜处理1例;术中使用高压气囊配合筋膜扩张器扩张,术后留置双J管.结果 随访0.5～5.0年.1例吻合口闭锁患者术后3个月仍为重度积水,患者拒绝开放手术而长期留置肾造瘘管;8例患者肾积水减轻,再次逆行扩张狭窄段并留置双J管,其中5例经2～3次扩张换管,拔除双J管后复查肾积水稳定于轻度状态;3例拔除双J管后腰痛不适,需要长期留置双J管.结论 尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄腔内技术治疗效果良好,可避免开放手术的风险.     

尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄的腔内治疗

目的 探讨腔内技术治疗尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄的临床应用价值.方法 膀胱癌尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄患者9例,狭窄段长度1～3 cm,均采用腔内技术治疗,顺行经皮肾处理8例,逆行输尿管镜处理1例;术中使用高压气囊配合筋膜扩张器扩张,术后留置双J管.结果 随访0.5～5.0年.1例吻合口闭锁患者术后3个月仍为重度积水,患者拒绝开放手术而长期留置肾造瘘管;8例患者肾积水减轻,再次逆行扩张狭窄段并留置双J管,其中5例经2～3次扩张换管,拔除双J管后复查肾积水稳定于轻度状态;3例拔除双J管后腰痛不适,需要长期留置双J管.结论 尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄腔内技术治疗效果良好,可避免开放手术的风险.     

尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄的腔内治疗

目的 探讨腔内技术治疗尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄的临床应用价值.方法 膀胱癌尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄患者9例,狭窄段长度1～3 cm,均采用腔内技术治疗,顺行经皮肾处理8例,逆行输尿管镜处理1例;术中使用高压气囊配合筋膜扩张器扩张,术后留置双J管.结果 随访0.5～5.0年.1例吻合口闭锁患者术后3个月仍为重度积水,患者拒绝开放手术而长期留置肾造瘘管;8例患者肾积水减轻,再次逆行扩张狭窄段并留置双J管,其中5例经2～3次扩张换管,拔除双J管后复查肾积水稳定于轻度状态;3例拔除双J管后腰痛不适,需要长期留置双J管.结论 尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄腔内技术治疗效果良好,可避免开放手术的风险.     

尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄的腔内治疗

目的 探讨腔内技术治疗尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄的临床应用价值.方法 膀胱癌尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄患者9例,狭窄段长度1～3 cm,均采用腔内技术治疗,顺行经皮肾处理8例,逆行输尿管镜处理1例;术中使用高压气囊配合筋膜扩张器扩张,术后留置双J管.结果 随访0.5～5.0年.1例吻合口闭锁患者术后3个月仍为重度积水,患者拒绝开放手术而长期留置肾造瘘管;8例患者肾积水减轻,再次逆行扩张狭窄段并留置双J管,其中5例经2～3次扩张换管,拔除双J管后复查肾积水稳定于轻度状态;3例拔除双J管后腰痛不适,需要长期留置双J管.结论 尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄腔内技术治疗效果良好,可避免开放手术的风险.     

尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄的腔内治疗

目的 探讨腔内技术治疗尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄的临床应用价值.方法 膀胱癌尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄患者9例,狭窄段长度1～3 cm,均采用腔内技术治疗,顺行经皮肾处理8例,逆行输尿管镜处理1例;术中使用高压气囊配合筋膜扩张器扩张,术后留置双J管.结果 随访0.5～5.0年.1例吻合口闭锁患者术后3个月仍为重度积水,患者拒绝开放手术而长期留置肾造瘘管;8例患者肾积水减轻,再次逆行扩张狭窄段并留置双J管,其中5例经2～3次扩张换管,拔除双J管后复查肾积水稳定于轻度状态;3例拔除双J管后腰痛不适,需要长期留置双J管.结论 尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄腔内技术治疗效果良好,可避免开放手术的风险.     

尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄的腔内治疗

目的 探讨腔内技术治疗尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄的临床应用价值.方法 膀胱癌尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄患者9例,狭窄段长度1～3 cm,均采用腔内技术治疗,顺行经皮肾处理8例,逆行输尿管镜处理1例;术中使用高压气囊配合筋膜扩张器扩张,术后留置双J管.结果 随访0.5～5.0年.1例吻合口闭锁患者术后3个月仍为重度积水,患者拒绝开放手术而长期留置肾造瘘管;8例患者肾积水减轻,再次逆行扩张狭窄段并留置双J管,其中5例经2～3次扩张换管,拔除双J管后复查肾积水稳定于轻度状态;3例拔除双J管后腰痛不适,需要长期留置双J管.结论 尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄腔内技术治疗效果良好,可避免开放手术的风险.     

尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄的腔内治疗

目的 探讨腔内技术治疗尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄的临床应用价值.方法 膀胱癌尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄患者9例,狭窄段长度1～3 cm,均采用腔内技术治疗,顺行经皮肾处理8例,逆行输尿管镜处理1例;术中使用高压气囊配合筋膜扩张器扩张,术后留置双J管.结果 随访0.5～5.0年.1例吻合口闭锁患者术后3个月仍为重度积水,患者拒绝开放手术而长期留置肾造瘘管;8例患者肾积水减轻,再次逆行扩张狭窄段并留置双J管,其中5例经2～3次扩张换管,拔除双J管后复查肾积水稳定于轻度状态;3例拔除双J管后腰痛不适,需要长期留置双J管.结论 尿流改道术后输尿管肠代膀胱吻合口狭窄腔内技术治疗效果良好,可避免开放手术的风险.     

经膀胱镜输尿管双J管置入治疗小儿上尿路梗阻

目的探讨经膀胱镜留置输尿管双J管在小儿上尿路梗阻中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2014年12月~2018年5月45例膀胱镜输尿管双J管置入治疗上尿路梗阻的资料,其中先天性肾积水20例,急性输尿管结石梗阻23例,肾盂离断成形术后积水复发2例。均经膀胱镜逆行置入F3、F4或F4.7双J管。结果2例先天性肾积水和3例急性输尿管结石梗阻未能置入输尿管双J管,其余40例留置双J管位置良好。先天性肾积水18例均于术后6个月取出双J管,8例随访3~4年积水未加重,10例因积水加重行腹腔镜肾盂离断成形术;急性输尿管结石梗阻20例于1~2周拔除输尿管双J管,二期输尿管镜钬激光碎石成功;肾盂离断成形术后积水复发2例均于术后6个月拔除输尿管双J管,1例随访1年5个月肾积水无再次加重,1例因肾积水再次加重于拔管后20天行腹腔镜肾盂离断成形术。结论输尿管双J管置入可有效缓解小儿上尿路梗阻,达到缓解肾脏压力的目的,可作为婴幼儿和儿童上尿路梗阻的一线治疗方案。     

经腹腹腔镜膀胱外乳头式输尿管膀胱再植术治疗输尿管开口异位1O例报告

目的：探讨输尿管开15异位患者经腹腹腔镜膀胱外乳头式输尿管膀胱再植术的可行性和临床效果。方法：对10例输尿管开口异位患者均采用经腹腹腔镜膀胱外乳头式输尿管膀胱再植术。全麻,仰卧位患侧抬高,建立腹腔镜工作通道（经肚脐5mmTrocar,经腹直肌外侧缘左侧5mm／10mmTrocar,右侧12mmTrocar）,充分游离患侧扩张输尿管,注意保护同侧正常输尿管,于靠近膀胱处离断异位开口输尿管,自同侧Trocar切口拉出腹壁,体外裁剪输尿管至大致正常直径,5／0可吸收线缝合输尿管管壁,末端制成乳头状,置入双J管后回纳腹腔;于膀胱底部后壁做全层切口,将输尿管末端乳头及双J管插入膀胱内,使用5／0可吸收线于膀胱全层与输尿管浆肌层间断吻合6～8针,吻合结束后膀胱注水测试有无漏尿,放置引流管及尿管。结果：10例手术均获成功,手术耗时90～160min,术中出血30～50ml,术后4～6天拔引流管,7～10天拔除尿管,术后1个月拔除双J管。术后随访1～11个月阴道无漏尿,尿常规正常,B超示肾积水减轻或消失。结论：重复肾输尿管开口异位患者经腹腹腔镜膀胱外乳头式输尿管膀胱再植是可行性的,临床效果等同于开放手术,且具有创伤小、恢复快、手术瘢痕基本不可见的优点。     

末端带牵引线的输尿管支架管在肾移植中的应用价值

目的探讨自制末端带丝线输尿管支架管(双J管)在肾移植手术中的应用价值。方法 110例同种异体肾移植患者,完成动静脉吻合行膀胱输尿管吻合前,将国产双J管从移植肾输尿管断端置入肾盂,然后将1根1-0丝线缝合固定在双J管下端,留置单根线尾。线尾长度:男性25～30 cm,女性10～15 cm。按顺序、等长(1 cm)反折数次,用长镊将双J管远端连同反折好的全部丝线一并通过膀胱壁上已切开的孔送入膀胱内。完成置管后,行输尿管-膀胱吻合。术后排尿时丝线随尿排出。若丝线排出体外过长,则剪去部分丝线,留至距尿道口2 cm,并予红霉素眼膏涂于尿道口,每日2次。拔管时,不用麻醉,不借助任何设备,徒手牵拉露出尿道外口的固定线即可顺利将双J管拔出。结果 110例患者中有108例于术后7～16 d见丝线尾排出尿道外口,其中106例患者于术后2～3周徒手牵拉尿道口丝线,顺利将双J管拔出,成功率为96.4%。未成功4例中,有2例患者体外丝线留置过短,线头缩回尿道内,经膀胱镜检、用异物钳将丝线钳夹,顺利拔除双J管;另2例患者的丝线在膀胱内缠绕打结,用异物钳将双J管及丝线钳夹,顺利拔出。拔管前后无患者发生泌尿系感染。8例(7.3%)男性患者诉轻度尿道异物感,拔除双J管后症状消失。结论双J管末端带丝线徒手拔管法简单易行,拔管无创伤、无痛苦,减少患者经济负担,有较高的临床实用价值。     

Superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the ureteral orifice: Higher risk of developing subsequent upper urinary tract tumors

AIM: Reports specifically addressing transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the ureteral orifice are scarce. This paper presents our experiences of such tumors, including the characteristics of the disease and the incidence of subsequent upper urinary tract recurrence. METHODS: This study included 572 new cases of TCC of the urinary bladder diagnosed in our institute during a period of 5 years. Thirty-one (5.4%) patients had superficial tumors involving ureteral orifices. All 31 patients underwent transurethral resection of the bladder tumors, including the involved ureteral orifices. After the surgery, patients received regular follow up with cystourethroscopy, urine cytology and periodic intravenous pyelography (IVP). Ureterorenoscopy was performed in cases of suspicious IVP or urine cytology findings. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients with superficial tumors involving the ureteral orifice were followed up for 5-8 years or until death. The pathological stage was Ta in 16 cases and T1 in 15 cases. Bladder tumor recurrence was noted in three (18.8%) of the pTa patients and in seven (46.7%) of the pT1 patients. Subsequent upper urinary tract tumors developed in four (12.9%) patients between 33 and 67 months (mean: 33.5) after the first transurethral resection. All four cases of upper tract recurrence had pT1 primary bladder tumor, which recurred for 1-3 times (mean 1.8) before upper tract recurrence. None of these patients had ureteral stenting after bladder tumor resection. Three of four patients with upper tract recurrence had single lower ureteral tumor, while the remaining one patient had multiple tumors. Patients with subsequent upper urinary tract tumors underwent nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff excision. One died of the disease; the other three cases were free of the disease after the therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with primary superficial bladder transitional cell carcinoma involving the ureteral orifice have a higher risk of developing subsequent upper urinary tract tumors, particularly for pT1 primary bladder tumors. Frequent and close follow up is recommended.     

索利那新联合坦索罗辛治疗经尿道前列腺电切术术后膀胱过度活动症

目的探讨索利那新联合盐酸坦索罗辛预防性治疗经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）后膀胱过度活动症的疗效。方法收集84例良性前列腺增生症患者的基本资料,发病年龄52～0（72．34-6．4）岁,随机分为4组：联合药物组、索利那新组、坦索罗辛组及对照组各21例。比较各组TuRP术后3d内膀胱区阵发性痉挛性疼痛的次数、膀胱痉挛持续时间及拔管后第1天和第3天尿频、尿急的情况。结果各组在术后3d内膀胱痉挛次数、膀胱痉挛平均持续时间均少于对照组（P〈O．05）;索利那新组术后第2、第3天膀胱痉挛次数分别为（1．64±0．42）次和（1．28±o．65）次,膀胱痉挛平均持续时间分别为（0.1±0．18）h和（0．20±0．07）h,少于盐酸坦索罗辛组（3．03±0．28）次和（2．18±0．58）次、（O．28±0．15）h和（0．23±0．11）h。联合药物组膀胱痉挛次数（1．334±0．31）次和（0.88±0.21）次,其持续时间为（0.184±0．11）h和（0．15±0．10）h,少于索利那新组（P〈0．05）。拔管后第1、3天,索利那新联合坦索罗辛组患者的尿频、尿急次数明显低于索利那新组和盐酸坦索罗辛组（P〈O．05）。结论早期预防性联合应用索利那新与坦索罗辛可能是一种安全有效的缓解患者TuRP术后膀胱过度活动症的方法,有助于患者的术后恢复和生活质量的提高。     

输尿管镜操作技巧及医源性损伤的临床分析(附372例报告)

目的:分析输尿管镜医原性损伤的原因、治疗和预防措施。方法:回顾两家医院自2007年1月～2009年8月所行的372例输尿管镜手术,男141例,女231例;年龄15～87岁,中位年龄42岁;输尿管镜结合钬激光碎石267例;输尿管镜检查术83例;输尿管镜下输尿管狭窄内切开术10例;输尿管镜下放置双J管9例;输尿管镜下拔出双J管3例。结果:发生输尿管损伤有18例(4.8%)。其中,输尿管口严重撕裂2例(11.1%),输尿管穿孔9例(50%),假道形成4例(22.2%),输尿管断裂2例(11.1%),输尿管全层撕脱1例(5.5%)。留置双J管保守治疗13例,开放手术5例。随访3个月～1年,2例轻度肾盂积水,其余病例恢复良好。结论:严格把握输尿管镜手术适应证,不断提高操作技巧可减少对输尿管医原性损伤,及时发现并妥善处理可明显改善患者预后。     

经皮肾镜联合输尿管镜治疗双J管长期滞留并发结石

目的探讨经皮肾镜联合输尿管镜治疗长期留置双J管所致结石的临床疗效。 方法2010年7月至2020年5月我院收治双J管两端及体部结石患者7例,6例于截石位先行经尿道输尿管镜碎石,清除膀胱内、输尿管壁间段及下段管壁的结石,1例Bricker术后患者采用软性膀胱镜清除输出道内管壁的结石。改变患者体位为俯卧位,X线或超声引导下建立经皮肾镜手术通道,充分清除结石后,顺行取出导管。 结果7例患者中,2例重度肾积水的患者术前行肾穿刺造瘘,5例一期完成治疗,顺利完整取出导管,无严重并发症发生,随访3~12个月,输尿管无狭窄发生。 结论经皮肾镜联合输尿管镜处理长期留管所致的严重双J管结石,是一种安全、有效的手术方法,可完全清除结石,安全取出导管,降低术后输尿管狭窄的发生率。     

Routine short-term ureteral stent in living donor renal transplantation: introduction of a simple stent removal technique without using anesthesia and cystoscope

Objective

We evaluated routine short-time insertion of ureteral stent in living donor renal transplant at a single center. It was easy to remove the stent without cystoscopy and anesthesia.

Materials and methods

Between October 2007 and July 2010, a single surgeon performed 76 living donor renal transplantations at one institute. All recipients underwent extravesical ureteroneocystostomy with a 2-0 silk suture passed through the venting side hole of the double-J stent into the bladder; a quadruple knot prevented the suture's slippage or distraction from the stent. After removal of the indwelling catheter at 5 days posttransplantation, the 2-0 silk passed with the urinary stream within 72 hours. The double-J stent was removed at 7 to 10 (mean 8.4) days after kidney transplantation by pulling the 2-0 silk out of the urethral orifice without anesthesia or cystoscopy.

Results

There was only one case of stenosis, which was resolved by surgery. No patient developed urinary leakage. There were three episodes of urinary tract infection in 70 patients during first 6 months' follow-up.

Conclusions

Routine short-term stenting is a safe and effective technique in living donor renal transplantation. Removal of the stent is feasible without cystoscopy or anesthesia.     

Endoscopic management of ureteral complications following renal transplantation

Management of ureteral complications after kidney transplantation can be done with a surgical, percutaneous, or endoscopic approach. The aim of this study was to determine the success rate of the endoscopic retrograde approach for the management of these complications following renal transplantation. We reviewed the records of 25 patients who underwent endoscopic management of ureteral complications after renal transplant between 1995 and 2005. Variables examined included timing of event following transplant, type of ureteral complication, equipment implemented in the procedure, operating time, success in stent placement, and complications. Initial approach was via rigid cystoscopy followed by flexible cystoscopy if needed. Initial attempts to intubate the ureteral orifice were by a flexible-tipped guide wire, and occasionally an angiocatheter guide was used for ultimate wire placement. Stents were positioned with fluoroscopic and direct visual guidance. Of 25 patients evaluated, five had a ureteral anastomotic leak with a mean time of presentation of 16.8 days. The remaining 20 patients suffered from ureteral obstruction revealed by hydronephrosis on a renal ultrasound prompted by a rising creatinine. Mean time of onset was 48 months. Although each was initially approached with rigid cystoscopy, 12 were converted to flexible cystoscopy for easier access to the ureteral orifice. Twenty of the 25 patients had successful stent placement with three failures in the ureteral obstruction group and two failures in the leakage group. Average operative time was 42 minutes. No intraoperative complications were experienced. Resolution of hydronephrosis in those with preoperative obstruction was noted and all stented urinary leaks resolved.     

腔内两根双J管治疗单根双J管无效的良性输尿管狭窄疗效观察

目的 探讨对于良性输尿管狭窄的患者,放置单根双J管无效后,改用同侧输尿管腔内放置两根双J管引流的安全性和有效性.方法 对本院2012年1月至2016年4月收治11例良性输尿管狭窄的患者,留置单根双J管无效后,输尿管腔内置入两根4.7F双J管引流,3个月后拔除,拔管后1个月B超或CT测定患者的肾积水的变化.结果 11例患者随访3~12个月,平均6个月.患者都能耐受两根双J管,无明显的腰腹胀痛、发热、肉眼血尿等症状.术后3个月拔管前查腹部平片示双J管无移位,拔管后1个月B超或CT示患者肾积水不同程度减轻或消失.结论 对于良性输尿管狭窄的患者,放置单根双J管无效后,改用同侧输尿管腔内留置两根双J管引流安全有效,但远期效果和机制需要大样本进一步研究验证.