抑郁对终末期肾病维持性血液透析患者生活质量的影响

目的:调查分析抑郁对终末期肾病(ESRD)维持性血液透析(HD)患者生活质量的影响.方法:(1)用肾脏疾病生活质量简表(KDQOL-SF)以及Zung抑郁自评量表(SDS)对66例ESRD维持性HD患者进行问卷调查.(2)分析一般情况、透析情况和各实验室指标对患者生活质量的影响.(3)分析抑郁对生活质量的影响.结果:(1)单因素分析发现生活质量在不同的年龄组、工作状态、文化程度、医疗负担和内瘘手术次数之间存在统计学差异,而不同的工作状态、内瘘手术次数之间仅SDS分值存在统计学差异(P＜0.001,P＝0.001),不存在透析情况和实验室指标的差异;(2)KDQOL-SF分值与SDS分值存在负相关(r =-0.781,P＜0.001);(3)逐步多元回归发现只有SDS分值一项对生活质量产生影响.结论:抑郁是导致ESRD维持性HD患者生活质量下降的重要原因.     

终末期糖尿病肾病血液透析46例临床分析

糖尿病肾病是糖尿病最常见的并发症,终末期肾衰竭是其主要死因之一。随着我国社会经济的迅猛发展,人民群众生活水平日渐提高,人均寿命的延长,糖尿病的患病率在不断上升。因此,近年来终末期糖尿病肾病(ESDN)有增多的趋势。这些患者并发症较多,身体状况较差。已不适应胰、肾移植,     

武汉地区维持性血液透析患者生活质量及影响因素

随着生物-心理-社会健康观的新医学模式的发展，终末期肾衰竭(ESRD)的治疗目的已不再局限于生命的维持和症状的缓解，而是使患者的生理、心理和社会活动得到缓解和恢复。我们用普适性量表(SF-36)和肾脏疾病特异性调查表(KDQ)相结合，了解武汉地区维持性血透患者的生活质量状况及其影响因素。     

糖尿病肾病血液透析患者生活质量的影响因素调查

<正>糖尿病肾病(DKD)是导致终末期肾病主要致病原因^[1～3]。维持性血液透析是治疗DKD主要方式,主要是利用半透膜原理通过扩散、对流等方式将体内各种有害物质和多于代谢废物转移出体外^[4～6]。目的是达到血液净化、纠正水电解质和酸碱平衡^[7,8]。随着生物模式向生理、心理和社会模式的发展,生活质量成为评定患者预后重要指标。症状群是同时存在、彼此相关联的3个或以上的症状,且群内症状不需拥有相同病原学机制。既往,     

贵阳市维持性血液透析患者生活质量调查

目的了解贵阳市终末期。肾脏疾病（end stage renal disease,ESIm）接受维持性血液透析患者的一般状况、病因构成和生活质量现状。方法收集贵阳市12个血液透析中心ESRD血液透析患者756例患者的一般资料、透析方法、肾脏病和生活质量问卷（KDQOL-SF36量表）等信息并进行分布特征描述。结果756例患者中,男女之比为1．45：1．00;平均年龄（49．1±14．7）岁,原发病前三位分别为慢性肾小球肾炎407例（占53．84％）、糖尿病肾脏病132例（占17．46％）、高血压。肾损害124例（占16．40％）;患者月均总医疗费用为（6072．55±3381．01）元;不同透析时间的血液透析患者’肾脏病和透析相关生活质量各维度得分具有显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论贵阳市维持血液透析患者中,其原发病以慢性肾小球肾炎为主;透析时间〉60个月的血液透析患者生活质量、一般健康相关生活质量各维度得分较低。     

23例终末期肾病患者透析时机影响因素的调查分析

目的 评估基层医院终末期肾病患者的透析时机,探讨过晚透析的影响因素及改进措施.方法 以郸城县人民医院透析科2007年7月1日至2009年7月1日开始透析的所有非糖尿病性终末期肾病患者为研究对象,分析其开始透析时血肌酐、肾小球滤过率、尿毒症症状、尿毒症心、脑血管并发症、首次透析情况,调查过晚透析的影响因素.结果 (1)进入透析时肾小球滤过率平均为(3.6±0.9)ml/min;(2)所有患者均有尿毒症并发症、营养状态下降,30.4%患者需急诊透析;(3)91.3%患者系透析时机过晚,其原因以经济原因多见,其次与就诊晚和认识不足有关.结论 基层医院开始血液透析的终末期肾病患者多数为透析时机过晚.经济原因、就诊过晚及认识不足是影响透析时机的关键因素.     

血液透析和腹膜透析患者生活质量比较

目的调查我院维持中心血液透析、腹膜透析治疗患者的生活质量，为临床合理选择治疗方案提供参考。方法对维持目前透析方式6个月以上的中心血液透析、腹膜透析患者，通过查阅病历资料、门诊随诊和问卷调查等方式，调查透析患者现阶段的生活质量（KDQOL～SF）。结果完成病例调查86例，其中血液透析36例，腹膜透析50例。两组患者在性别、年龄、文化程度、付费方式、收入、原发病、透析时间等背景上没有显著差异。腹膜透析组在总体健康、精神健康、情感职能、躯体疼痛以及肾病负担、社交质量、症状与不适、肾病影响、患者满意度等指标得分高于血液透析组。结论腹膜透析患者在生活质量的某些维度上优于血液透析患者，值得进一步推广。     

血液透析的终末期糖尿病肾病患者血糖波动的临床研究

目的：了解血液透析的终末期糖尿病肾病患者血糖的波动及相关的并发症。方法：按WHO1999年糖尿病诊断标准和第7版《内科学》慢性肾衰竭尿毒症期诊断标准,分为糖尿病肾病透析患者（A组）33例,非糖尿病透析患者（慢性肾小球肾炎,B组）39例,非透析糖尿病患者（C组）34例,检测人体参数和测量生化指标,同时分析在透析中出现的常见并发症。统计学方法采用SPSS18.0软件进行统计分析。结果：各组性别构成、年龄比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,A组与B组透析前后比较空腹血糖、中晚餐后血糖、睡前血糖、糖化血红蛋白存在差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,A组与B组透析前肌酐、尿素氮存在差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,A组透析前与C组比较空腹血糖、三餐后血糖、睡前血糖、糖化血红蛋白存在差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,A组透析前后比较空腹血糖、中晚餐后血糖、睡前血糖、糖化血红蛋白、肌酐、尿素氮存在差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,对于各组出现的并发症A组明显高于其他两组。结论：血液透析的终末期糖尿病肾病患者血糖的波动,可引起多种并发症,如果我们胰岛素应用个体化、阶段性,同时应用有糖透析液进行透析,减少血糖波动,对预防各种并发症和延长患者寿命非常重要。     

23例终末期肾病患者透析时机影响因素的调查分析

目的 评估基层医院终末期肾病患者的透析时机,探讨过晚透析的影响因素及改进措施.方法 以郸城县人民医院透析科2007年7月1日至2009年7月1日开始透析的所有非糖尿病性终末期肾病患者为研究对象,分析其开始透析时血肌酐、肾小球滤过率、尿毒症症状、尿毒症心、脑血管并发症、首次透析情况,调查过晚透析的影响因素.结果 (1)进入透析时肾小球滤过率平均为(3.6±0.9)ml/min;(2)所有患者均有尿毒症并发症、营养状态下降,30.4%患者需急诊透析;(3)91.3%患者系透析时机过晚,其原因以经济原因多见,其次与就诊晚和认识不足有关.结论 基层医院开始血液透析的终末期肾病患者多数为透析时机过晚.经济原因、就诊过晚及认识不足是影响透析时机的关键因素.     

终末期肾病血液透析转腹膜透析原因及预后分析

目的：分析终末期肾病（ESRD）血液透析转腹膜透析的原因,并探讨影响其预后的因素。方法：调查21例由血液透析转腹膜透析的CAPD患者,以分析其原因,并以COX回归法分析影响患者死亡预后的因素。结果：21例转腹膜透析患者中血管通路条件不佳占16例。糖尿病患者平均存活时间短,低蛋白血症影响患者预后（P〈0.01）。结论：血液透析转腹膜透析的主要原因是血管通路条件不佳;糖尿病肾病患者预后较非糖尿病患者差,低蛋白血症的患者提示预后不良。     

The efficacy of low-dose tadalafil in patients undergoing hemodialysis with end-stage renal disease

Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a disorder that is frequently observed in people with chronic kidney disease who undergo hemodialysis (HD). In the context of evidence-based medicine, we aimed to investigate the effect of low-dose tadalafil on sexual function in patients undergoing HD.

Methods: The medical records of 30 males (aged 29–65?years) with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on a HD program, and who had received 5?mg tadalafil twice weekly, were retrospectively evaluated. Changes in erectile and ejaculatory function were evaluated using the International Erectile Function Index questionnaire, the Erection Hardness Scale (EHS), and the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire (MSHQ).

Results: The mean age of the patients was 47.6?±?10.1?years, their mean body mass index was 24.3?±?4.2?kg/m², their mean hemoglobin was 11.9?±?0.9?g/dL, and their mean creatinine clearance was 5.8?±?1.1?mL/min. At the third month of treatment, 36.6% of the patients had no ED, 40% had mild ED, 10% had mild-to-moderate ED, and 13.3% had moderate ED. The mean MSHQ scores (p?p?=?.001) were significantly improved. There was no significant difference between Beck's Depression Inventory scores (p?>?.05), but Hamilton anxiety rate scores decreased significantly (p?=?.001). The quality-of-life score improved throughout the study period (p?Conclusions: Tadalafil therapy is an effective therapeutic option in patients with ESRD who undergo HD, not only for the treatment of ED, but also for ejaculatory function, with acceptable adverse effects.     

New trends on health related quality of life assessment in end-stage renal disease patients

Health related quality of life (HRQOL) is auseful measure in the analysis of the output ofmedical interventions in groups of chronicpatients like end-stage renal disease (ESRD)patients. From the 1980s to the present day, theinterest in evaluating the HRQOL of ESRDpatients has been continually growing. A reviewof published studies shows the existence ofimportant differences in the applied conceptualmodel of HRQOL, in the assessment instrumentsused, in the methods of data collectionrecording, and in the results andconclusions. In this paper we tried to answer some of themain questions which could appear whennephrologists begin to use the HRQOL measureswith renal patients: we clearly define theconcept of HRQOL; we made recommendations aboutthe instruments to evaluate HRQOL (generic vsspecific instruments); and we show how torefine a HRQOL score to make it practical andcomprehensible (the standardization of thescores by age and gender).     

Quality of life in children with end-stage renal disease undergoing renal replacement therapy: a cross-sectional survey

Objective To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) of children with uremia who underwent renal replacement therapy (RRT) and identify the influencing factors for QOL in order to improve the QOL of children with uremia. Methods Children with ESRD who underwent dialysis or kidney transplantation (KT) at Children's Hospital of Fudan University between November 2016 and October 2017 were enrolled. The children and/or their parents completed and returned the Pediatric QOL Inventory Measurement Models (PedsQLTM) 4.0 questionnaire. Moreover, the clinical data of these children were collected. According to the way of RRT, children were divided into dialysis group and KT group. The differences of scores between two groups were compared. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting the QOL of children. Results A total of 79 children undergoing RRT were enrolled. Among them, 48 cases in the dialysis group and 31 cases in the KT group. For children in KT group, the total PedsQL scores of child-self and parent-proxy assessment were higher than those in dialysis group (P＜0.05). The total scores for the QOL of child-self and parent-proxy assessment were roughly the same for KT children (P＞0.05). The total scores for the QOL of child-self and parent-proxy assessment were different for dialysis children (P=0.05). Short stature (height＜3th percentile) and elevated left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were the independent influencing factors for the QOL of child-self and parent-proxy assessment in children undergoing KT, respectively (B=12.162, t=2.681, P＜0.05; B=-0.240, t=-4.276, P＜0.01). Conclusions QOL was higher in children undergoing KT than those on dialysis. Short stature and elevated LVMI were the independent influencing factors for QOL in children undergoing KT.     

递增式血液透析对终末期肾病患者肾功能、微炎症及死亡率的影响

目的研究递增式血液透析(IHD)对终末期肾病(ESRD)患者肾功能、微炎症及死亡率的影响。 方法选取2017年7月至2021年6月于我院行血液透析(HD)治疗的ESRD患者84例,按照随机数字表法将84例ESRD患者分为递增组(n＝42)与常规组(n＝42)。治疗前及治疗6个月后,观察两组透析充分及生存情况、血尿素氮(BUN)、胱抑素C(CysC)、血清肌酐(Scr)、残余尿量(RUV)、尿素氮下降率(URR)、Kt/V等肾功能指标,血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)等微炎症指标,以及透析期间不良反应。 结果与常规组相比,递增组透析充分率增高,死亡率降低(P<0.05)。治疗6个月后,与常规组相比,递增组的BUN、CysC、Scr、RUV降低;URR、Kt/V增高(P<0.05);血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-α及β2-MG水平降低(P<0.05);不良反应发生率降低(P<0.05)。 结论IHD可以保护ESRD患者的残余肾功能,抑制机体微炎症,降低不良反应率和死亡率。     

维持性血液透析20年以上者生存质量分析

目的 探讨维持性血液透析20年以上者的生存质量.方法 对接受维持性血液透析治疗20年以上的终末期慢性肾脏疾病患者进行横断面调查,调查内容包括一般情况、贫血、钙磷代谢紊乱、继发性甲状旁腺机能亢进症、微炎症状态、心脏超声等相关检查以及患者生活状况.结果 共纳入5例患者,其中血压高于正常范围者1例.血红蛋白为（113.2±17.7）g/L,透析前血清总蛋白、白蛋白、钾、钠、氯和钙水平均正常,高磷血症3例,血清铁蛋白为43.1～ 1342.5 μg/L[平均（361.1±551.7） μg/L],高敏C反应蛋白为（4.1±4.3）mg/L,全段甲状旁腺激素为40～904 ng/L,Kt/V为1.1～2.2（平均1.5±0.4）.患者均已出现心脏结构及功能异常.生活完全自理者3例,均与亲属关系和睦.对生活现状满意和较满意者2例,存在躯体症状者3例.结论 终末期慢性肾脏疾病患者通过血液透析治疗能够得以长期、高质量地存活.     

维持性血液透析与腹膜透析患者生活质量调查

目的 评估维持性血液透析(MHD)与持续非卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)患者生活质量情况,探讨MHD和CAPD患者生活质量的影响因素.方法 选取2016年7月～9月在郑州大学第一附属医院肾脏内科和血液净化中心随访的118例MHD患者和76例CAPD患者的临床和问卷调查资料.采用KDQOL-SFTM 1.3进行问卷分析,评估MHD与CAPD患者的生活质量.结果 MHD患者KDTA评分为(62.4±11.3)分,SF-36评分为(58.3±17.9)分,明显低于一般人群(P＜0.05).在各分维度评分中11个分维度评分略高于美国,6个分维度评分略高于西班牙;与国内广州调查数据相比,各维度评分均有明显改善,且与沈阳和合肥调查数据持平.CAPD患者KDTA评分为(71.4±8.9)分,SF-36评分为(61.6±16.3)分,明显低于一般人群(P＜0.05).在各分维度评分中7个分维度显著高于中国香港,其余均较中国香港偏低;与国内广州调查数据相比各维度评分均有明显改善,且与沈阳和合肥调查数据持平.MHD患者KDTA和SF-36整体评分显著低于CAPD患者(P＜0.05).在KDTA各分维度评分中,CAPD患者均高于MHD患者,且在肾脏疾病对日常生活的影响(EKD)、肾脏疾病导致的生活负担(BKD)、工作情况(WS)、认知功能(CF)、社交质量(QSI)、性功能(SexF)、社会支持(SoS)、患者满意度(PS)方面差异明显(P＜0.05);在SF-36评分中在生理职能(RP)、躯体疼痛(BP)、总体健康(GH)、情感状况(EWB)、情感职能(RE)各维度中,CAPD组患者均高于MHD患者且差异明显(P＜0.05).对于MHD患者,生活质量在性别、文化程度、家庭年收入、医保情况、原发病因、透析龄方面存在差异(P＜ 0.05),且在SGA评分、血白蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(HB)、尿素清除指数(Kt/V)、甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、钙磷乘积(Ca×P)方面均存在相关性(P＜0.05).透析龄、性别(女)、原发病(糖尿病肾病)、iPTH、Kt/V、SGA评分是影响MHD患者生活质量的独立危险因素;对于CAPD患者,职业状况、医保情况、原发病因、透析龄方面存在差异(P＜0.05),且在SGA评分、ALB、HB、Kt/V方面存在相关性(P＜0.05),原发病(糖尿病肾病)、Kt/V、ALB、SGA评分是影响CAPD患者生活质量的独立危险因素.结论 MHD患者和CAPD患者整体生活质量较低,与发达国家和地区存在差距;CAPD和MHD患者生活质量均受不同因素影响,其中原发病(糖尿病肾病)、Kt/V、SGA评分是共同独立影响因素.     

Quality of life of adolescents with end-stage renal disease and kidney transplant

The health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of adolescents with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is an important marker of disease burden. Our aims were to investigate HRQOL in a group of children and adolescents with ESRD and to compare them with the reference population norms. Ours was a cross-sectional study of 81 patients aged 10 years to 21 years with ESRD (68 with kidney transplants and 13 on dialysis) at five Spanish paediatric nephrology centres. HRQOL was investigated with the Spanish version of the child health and illness profile, adolescent edition (CHIP-AE). Clinical variables such as underlying diagnosis, number of rejection episodes, pre-emptive transplantation, anaemia and height were also analysed. No differences were found between patients with kidney transplants and their healthy peers in any domain or sub-domain of CHIP-AE. The group on dialysis scored lower than healthy controls and patients with transplants for satisfaction with health. Discomfort was higher in patients with transplants who had suffered one rejection episode. Physical discomfort was increased in anaemic patients with transplants. Short patients scored less in the satisfaction domain, with lower self-esteem and lower satisfaction with health. Adolescents with kidney transplants had better satisfaction with health than the group on dialysis, which matched the level of a healthy population. Further long-term prospective research is warranted. The work was carried out at the Divisions of Paediatric Nephrology of the following hospitals in Spain: Central de Asturias (Oviedo), Clínico de Santiago, Infantil La Paz (Madrid), Miguel Servet (Zaragoza) and Cruces (Bilbao)     

Oxalate removal by hemodialysis in end-stage renal disease

Because of mounting evidence of precipitation of calcium oxalate in the soft tissues of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on maintenance hemodialysis, the plasma oxalate concentrations and calculated dialysis removal of oxalate were studied in seven patients without evidence of either primary or absorption hyperoxaluria prior to ESRD. A reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatographic method was developed to quantitate serum oxalate. Mean value +/- SE in four healthy controls was 28 +/- 5 mumol/L, and in the seven patients it was 187 +/- 15 mumol/L predialysis and 89 +/- 11 mumol/L postdialysis. Oxalate deposition in the soft tissues of ESRD patients is the consequence of sustained hyperoxalemia. Oxalate removal by dialysis was calculated from the four-hour oxalate clearance. Since the ionic radii of phosphate and oxalate are similar, total oxalate clearance was calculated midpoint of dialysis. Mean oxalate removal/dialysis was 3.01 +/- 0.283 mmol. On a daily basis this value was 1.645 +/- 0.155 mmol, which is about threefold the normal oxalate excretion rate. It is not significantly different from the excretion rate in absorption oxalurias but is less than that in primary hyperoxaluria. Therefore, it is concluded that hyperoxalemia in ESRD results from loss of renal excretion, failure of hemodialysis to remove enough oxalate to maintain a normal serum concentration, and increased intestinal absorption of oxalate and/or increased endogenous production.     

杂合式血液净化方式对维持性血液透析患者生活质量的影响

目的 探讨杂合式血液净化方式对维持性血液透析患者生活质量的影响.方法 选取2015年3月至2016年10月在郑州人民医院进行维持性血液透析治疗的患者共86例,根据不同血液净化方法分为A组(血液透析组)28例、B组(血液透析+血液透析滤过组)30例和C组(血液透析+血液透析/血液灌流组)28例,观察1年.治疗前、后应用肾脏病生活质量简表(KDQOL-SFTM1.3)对三组患者的生活质量进行评价,并对结果进行相应分析.结果 A组患者治疗后生存质量评分略下降,与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);B组患者治疗后生存质量评分升高,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);C组患者治疗后生存质量评分升高,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).三组患者治疗前生存质量评分相近,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗后B组与C组均高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),B、C组间评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对维持性血液透析患者实施杂合式血液净化方式(血液透析+血液透析滤过/+血液灌流)可有效改善患者生活质量,但其治疗费用有所增加,因此如何在提高血液透析效果的同时降低经济负担是我们今后探索的方向.