AIDS合并结核感染患者抗逆转录病毒治疗后发生免疫重建炎性综合征高危因素分析

目的 探讨艾滋病合并结核感染患者(acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients with tuberculosis infection,AIDS/TB)在高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(highly active anti-retroviral therapy,HAART)中出现免疫...     

江苏省HIV感染者和艾滋病患者抗病毒治疗1年后CD4+T淋巴细胞检测结果分析

目的 :了解江苏省首次接受艾滋病免费抗病毒治疗的HIV/AIDS患者治疗1年后CD4+T变化及影响因素。方法 :收集江苏省首次接受抗病毒治疗的基线和治疗随访1年时均有CD4+T细胞检测结果记录的HIV/AIDS患者资料,随访截止时间为2014年5月31日。建立Excel数据库并用SPSS16.0软件进行分析。结果:首次接受抗病毒治疗的基线和随访1年时均有CD4+T检测结果记录的HIV/AIDS共3 290例。81.4%为江苏省籍,男女比例为4.36∶1,平均年龄(39.7±12.1)岁。感染途径主要为性传播。入组时基线CD4+T细胞计数均数为185.81个/μl。治疗1年后的CD4+T细胞均数为312.20个/μl。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄大、基线CD4+T高、在疾控中心治疗和临床Ⅰ期的HIV/AIDS患者,其CD4+T较基线增长值≥100个/μl的比例低。结论:江苏省HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗对免疫功能恢复效果显著,应继续规范、早期开展抗病毒治疗工作。     

Impact of baseline CD4^＋ T cell counts on the efficacy of nevirapinebased highly active antiretroviral therapy in Chinese HIV/AIDS patients： a prospective,multicentric study

Background CD4^＋T cell counts have been used as the indicator of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 （HIV-1） disease progression and thereby to determine when to start highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART）. Whether and how the baseline CD4^＋T cell count affects the immunological and viral responses or adverse reactions to nevirapine （NVP）-containing HAART in Chinese HIV-1 infected adults remain to be characterized. Methods One hundred and ninety-eight HIV-seropositive antiretroviral therapy （ART）-naive subjects were enrolled into a prospective study from 2005 to 2007. Data were analyzed by groups based on baseline CD4^＋T cell counts either between 100-200 cells/μl or 201-350 cells/μl. Viral responses, immunologic responses and adverse events were monitored at baseline and at weeks 4, 12, 24, 36, 52, 68, 84, 100. Results Eighty-six and 112 subjects ranged their CD4^＋T cell counts 100-200 cells/μl and 201-350 cells/μl, respectively. The pre-HAART viral load in CD4 201-350 cells/μl group was significantly lower than that in CD4 100-200 cells/μl group （P=0.000）. After treatment, no significant differences were observed between these two groups either in the plasma viral load （pVL） or in the viral response rate calculated as the percentage of pVL less than 50 copies/ml or less than 400 copies/ml. The CD4^＋T cell counts were statistically higher in the 201-350 group during the entire follow-ups （P 〈0.01） though CD4^＋ T cell count increases were similar in these two groups. After 100-week treatment, the median of CD4^＋ T cell counts were increased to 331 cells/μl for CD4 100-200 cells/μl group and to 462 cells/μl for CD4 201-350 cells/μl group. Only a slightly higher incidence of nausea was observed in CD4 201-350 cells/μl group （P=0.05） among all adverse reactions, including rash and liver function abnormality. Conclusions The pVLs and viral response rates are unlikely to be associated with the baseline CD4^＋T cell counts. Initiating HAART in Chinese HIV-1 infected patients with higher baseline CD4^＋T cell counts could result in higher total CD4^＋T cell counts thereby achieve a better immune recovery. These results support current guidelines to start HAART at a threshold of 350 cells/μl.     

Highly active antiretroviral therapy per se decreased mortality and morbidity of advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease in Hong Kong

Background Morbidity and mortality of advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) have declined in Western industrialized countries since the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). It is unclear if this has also happened in Hong Kong.Methods We studied a retrospective cohort of patients with advanced HIV disease in Hong Kong, China. First, the mortality of advanced HIV disease per year was calculated for the decade 1993 to 2002, both annually and according to patient observation before and after 1997. Second, the event rates were estimated for the clinical end points of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and death. Univariate and multivariate analyses were then performed to identify associated factors. Results The crude mortality of advanced HIV disease declined from 10.8-30.4 per 100 patients during 1993-1996, to 0.8-6.9 per 100 patients during 1997-2002. A rate ratio of 4.04 (95% CI, 2.52-6.47) was evident for those observed in 1993-1996, compared to those in 1997-2002. In a multivariate analysis where calendar period was adjusted, use of highly active antiretroviral therapy was associated with rate ratios of 0.13 (95% CI, 0.05-0.33) for death after AIDS, 0.08 (95% CI, 0.04-0.19) for AIDS after a CD4 cell count <200/μl, and 0.21 (95% CI, 0.07-0.67) for death after CD4 cell count <200/μl. In the same analysis, calendar period ceased to be a significant factor after adjustment for use of HAART.Conclusions The mortality and morbidity of advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease have declined in Hong Kong. This improved prognosis was attributable to the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy.     

127例HIV/AIDS患者抗病毒治疗1年CD4~+T淋巴细胞结果

目的分析HIV/AIDS患者抗病毒治疗前后CD4~+T淋巴细胞数的变化情况,为全省的抗病毒治疗提供科学依据。方法对青海省2013—2015年间接受抗病毒治疗的127名HIV/AIDS患者治疗前、治疗后3个月、6个月、9个月及12个月CD4~+T淋巴细胞数进行检测和统计学分析。结果 127例HIV/AIDS患者的平均开始治疗年龄为(37.6±10.8)岁,治疗前CD4~+T淋巴细胞数平均水平为(321.2±108.4)个/μL;患者治疗3个月、6个月、9个月和12个月时与进入治疗时点相比,其CD4~+T淋巴细胞数平均增加了52.2个/μL、75.8个/μL、75.3个/μL和76.5个/μL,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);经抗病毒治疗1年后,CD4~+T淋巴细胞数500个/μL的患者从0例增至37例,占患者总数的29.1%;CD4~+T淋巴细胞数分为≤200个/μL、201~350个/μL和350个/μL三组患者,经抗病毒治疗1年后,CD4~+T淋巴细胞数平均分别增加了80.7个/μL、84.7个/μL和65.8个/μL,不同组患者HAART治疗1年后CD4~+T淋巴细胞数均值变化差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论青海省目前的HAART治疗效果明显,同时提高HIV/AIDS患者的依从性,并尽早开展抗病毒治疗,有利于提高患者的生命质量,延缓疾病进程,降低病死率。     

Activation and coreceptor expression of T lymphocytes induced by highly active antiretroviral therapy in Chinese HIV/AIDS patients

Background At the end of 2005, 650 000 people lived with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) in China, of whom 75 000 were AIDS patients. Many AIDS patients received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) supported by the “China CARES” program but the immune responses of HAART were seldom reported. This study investigated the effect of HAART on the activation and coreceptor expression of T lymphocytes in Chinese HIV/AIDS patients and evaluated its effect on immune reconstitution. Methods Seventeen HIV/AIDS patients were enrolled and three-color-flow cytometry was used to detect the activation of HLA-DR CD38 and the coreceptor CCR5, CXCR4 expression on T lymphocytes in whole blood samples taken from the patients before and after 3- or 6-month HAART.Results The activation percents of CD4(+), CD8(+) T lymphocytes were significantly higher before therapy than the normal controls (HLA-DR/CD4: 40.47±18.85 vs 11.54±4.10; CD38/CD4: 81.34±10.86 vs 53.34±11.44; HLA-DR/CD8: 63.94±12.71 vs 25.67±9.18; CD38/CD8: 86.56±11.41 vs 58.84±6.16, all P<0.01). After 6-month combined antiretroviral treatment, the activation of T lymphocytes in HIV/AIDS patients was significantly decreased (HLA-DR/CD4: 28.31±13.48; CD38/CD4: 69.88±12.64; HLA-DR/CD8: 46.56±18.64; CD38/CD8: 70.17±14.54, all P<0.01 compared with the pre-treatment values). Before the treatment, CCR5 expression on CD8(+) T lymphocytes was up-regulated while CXCR4 expression on CD8(+) T lymphocytes downregulated in HIV/AIDS patients compared with the normal controls (CD8/CCR5: 70.91±10.03 vs 52.70±7.68; CD8/CXCR4: 24.14±11.08 vs 50.05±11.68, all P<0.01). After 6-month HAART, CCR5 expression on CD8(+) T lymphocytes significantly decreased (56.35±12.96, P<0.01), while CXCR4 expression on CD8(+) T lymphocytes increased (36.95±9.96, P<0.05) compared with the pre-treatment and the normal controls. A significant statistical relationship was observed between the expression of activation markers, CCR5 and the CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts after HAART (P<0.05).Conclusions Reduced activation of T lymphocytes and a normalization of coreceptor expression were observed in Chinese HIV/AIDS patients after HAART. Immunity can be restored in HIV/AIDS patients receiving HAART.     

T-CELL RESPONSE OF ADVANCED AIDS PATIENTS AFTER HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY

IMMUNE reconstitution in AIDS patients after highlyactive antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has already beenreported in Western countries since 19971-4and also inChina in 2001.5 However the effect of HAART on ChineseAIDS patients especially the late stage AIDS patients isuncertain and needs further investigation.Before 1993, Chinese donors were not screened for anti-HIV. In the year of 2000, the transmission ways of ChineseAIDS patients were not only through sex and injection drug…     

艾滋病高乳酸血症患者CD4~+水平与性别的相关性研究

目的探讨艾滋病HAART发生高乳酸血症时CD4+水平与性别的关系。方法将接受HAART治疗中发生高乳酸血症68例患者分为男女两组测定CD4+水平,然后进行比较。结果发生高乳酸血症时CD4+细胞数男性为(396.00±113.17)个/μl,女性为(306.08±136.21)个/μl,t=2.10,发生高乳酸血症的男女两组CD4+水平差异有显著性(P<0.05),男性CD4+水平高于女性。结论艾滋病患者进行HAART治疗发生高乳酸血症时CD4+水平与性别有关,男性CD4+水平高于女性。     

艾滋病的临床与基础研究进展

全球约有85%的人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV-1)感染是通过性传播途径获得,避孕套的推广已在几个国家成功地控制了HIV-1的传播。高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)的出现从根本上改变了人类HIV-1的感染进程。HAART的运用可以抑制HIV-1的复制,可将血浆病毒载量控制在检测限以下,并增加CD4 T淋巴细胞的数量,但也存在耐药性和毒副作用等问题。未来几年面临的挑战是:确定预期将出现的新的药物类型的作用和治疗方法的发展,解决HIV/肝病/结核病双重感染的问题,更好地进行补救治疗,解决资源有限国家在防治艾滋病方面的问题以及努力获得预防艾滋病的成功。     

艾滋病HAART治疗免疫重建炎性综合征的好发因素和临床特征

目的 观察我国艾滋病患者(AIDS)启动高效抗反转录病毒治疗(HAART)后,发生免疫重建炎性综合征(IRIS)的发病率、病死率、临床特征及其好发易感影响因素.方法 以2007年10月到2009年9月来自湖南省和江四省的接受HAART治疗的238例AIDS患者建立前瞻性研究队列,在24周内进行定期随访.将此期间发生IRIS的47例患者纳入IRIS组,24周时仍未发生IRIS的191例患者纳入非IRIS组.收集两组患者的一般资料、临床发病表现和诊断治疗的相关资料,在HAART的0、12和24周采集患者的血标本检测HIV病毒载量和CD4+细胞计数,对所有资料进行统计学处理和对比分析.结果 IRIS发生率为19.7%(47/238),病死率6.2%(2/47);HAART起动后发生IRIS的平均天数为28(9～36)d.IRIS中以结核感染占多数(61.7%,29/47),IRIS组与非IRIS组在年龄、性别、传播途径以及抗病毒治疗的方案上差异均无统计学意义.在0、12和24周时两组的病毒载量均逐步明显下降,CD4+细胞数均逐步明显上升.但是启动HAART时IRIS组的CD4+细胞数明显低于非IRIS组(48×106个/L比146×106个/L,P＜0.01),IRIS组的CD4+细胞数在100×106个/L以内者占85.1%(40/47).结论 IRIS多发生在HAART治疗启动后的1～3个月内,接受HAART治疗者的年龄、性别、传播途径以及抗病毒治疗的方案均与IRIS的发生无明显相关.在治疗24周内IRIS组与非IRIS组的HIV RNA病毒载量下降幅度和CD4细胞上升数量均无明显差别,但起动HAART前CD4+细胞计数＜100 × 106个/L的感染者更容易出现IRIS.我国HAART发生IRIS多为结核感染,一般无须停用抗病毒药物,对症处理即可,但对结核病或其他严重的感染仍须抗感染治疗.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the morbidity, mortality, clinical manifestations and risk factors for IRIS (immune reconstruction inflammatory syndrome) during HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) in China. Methods From October 2007 to September 2009, a prospective cohort of 238 AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) patients on HAART from Hunan and Jianxi provinces was recruited for a follow-up of 24 weeks. And 47 and 191 patients were assigned into the IRIS and non-IRIS groups respectively. The data of general information, clinical manifestations and treatment of two groups were collected and compared. Blood samples were collected in both groups at pre-and post-HAART 12 weeks, 24weeks for HIV viral load and CD4 + cell count examinations. A statistical analysis was performed. Results A total of 47 ( 19. 7% ) IRIS cases was analyzed. The median onset of IRIS was 28 (9 -36) days. And 29(61.7%) cases of tuberculosis IRIS were found. There was no significant difference in age, gender, route of transmission and antiretroviral regimens between the IRIS and non-IRIS groups. At baseline, Weeks 12 and 24, both groups showed a significant decline of viral load. And there was no significant difference between them. Both groups showed a significant increase of CD4 + cell count. But there was no significant difference between two groups. However, the baseline CD4+ cell count was markedly lower in the IRIS group than that in the non-IRIS group. In 85. 1% (40/47)of cases, the CD4+ cell count was ＜ 100 × 106/L in the IRIS group at the baseline of HAART. Conclusion IRIS mostly occurs during 3 months of HAART initiation.The age, gender, route of transmission and antiretroviral treatment regimens of patients on HAART are not risk factors for the development of IRIS. The HIV RNA viral load decreases in both IRIS and non-IRIS groups without any significant difference. The patients with a CD4 + cell count ＜ 100/μl are more vulnerable to develop IRIS.     

辽宁省阜新市抗病毒治疗患者HIV-1 DNA耐药情况及亚型分析

目的 了解阜新市已接受HAART患者HIV耐药株的发生及基因亚型分布情况。方法 采集全血标本进行白细胞富集和前病毒DNA提取,巢式PCR扩增HIV-1 pol区基因并测序,使用MEGA以及斯坦福大学HIV耐药数据库等工具对序列信息进行分析。结果 在112份全血标本中获得101例有效基因序列,CRF01_AE亚型占84.16%(85/101),CRF07_BC 亚型占8.91%(9/101),B亚型占3.96%(4/101),CRF65_cpx亚型占1.98%(2/101),G亚型0.99%(1/101);耐药分析显示27例患者发生耐药位点突变,其中,19例对核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂耐药,主要耐药突变位点为M184I/V,14例对非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂耐药,主要耐药突变位点为G190S,对两类逆转录酶抑制剂同时耐药的样本有6例,尚未出现蛋白酶抑制剂耐药突变患者;治疗时间以及基线CD4水平的差异对耐药突变具有统计学意义。结论 阜新市HIV-1存在5种亚型,CRF01_AE为主要流行亚型;耐药情况的研究为更科学有效地指导艾滋病防治工作提供参考依据,应继续加强耐药监测,掌握基线数据,严防耐药株的流行。     

HIV感染者/AIDS患者高效抗逆转录病毒治疗感知效果影响因素分析

目的:研究影响HIV感染者/AIDS患者(people living with HIV or AIDS,PLWH)感知高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(highly active antiretroviral therapy,HAART)效果的影响因素,为促进抗病毒治疗提供科学依据。方法:采用回顾性调查研究方法和面对面问卷调查收集一般人口学信息、艾滋病基本知识、服药情况、服药依从性、HAART疗效自我感知等信息。采用卡方检验、秩和检验、有序分类变量logistic回归进行统计学分析。结果:共收集到321名调查对象的有效信息,艾滋病基本知识知晓率为88.16%,最近1年有259例患者开展了HIV病毒载量检测,258例病毒载量<50拷贝/mL,最近1次CD4+T细胞平均为(444.23±178.29)个/μL。70.09%的PLWH感知到治疗效果为"有效",6.23%的PLWH感知到治疗效果"非常有效"。出现不良反应后可否自行停药或者减药(OR=0.337,95%CI=0.178～0.638)、治疗前CD4+T细胞数量(OR=2.931,95%CI=1.479～5.807)和治疗持续时间(OR=...     

布拖县102例艾滋病患者抗病毒治疗效果分析

目的：了解当地艾滋病（AIDS）患者高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）效果,分析影响治疗效果的因素,提高抗病毒治疗质量。方法定期随访监测 HAART患者CD4 T淋巴细胞,观察抗病毒治疗效果。结果在24个月随访监测期中,102例抗病毒治疗患者CD4 T淋巴细胞计数逐步增加,前3个月增加较明显（P＜0．01）,吸毒患者和性传患者 CD4 T淋巴细胞计数组内比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,11例病死患者CD4 T淋巴细胞基线均数小于200个/μL,治疗3个月后CD4 T淋巴细胞计数较基线差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论该群 AIDS患者 HAART的免疫学疗效不理想。     

抗病毒治疗艾滋病138例疗效评价

目的:评价抗病毒药物治疗艾滋病(AIDS)效果。方法:应用国家免费提供的抗病毒治疗药物,对符合治疗条件的138例AIDS患者进行规范治疗,定期随访并检测CD4T淋巴细胞。结果:治疗后前3个月内CD4T淋巴细胞增加速度最快,2年后升高(254.32±98.76)个/mm3;患者机会性感染得到有效控制,治疗后2年生存率86.36%。结论:抗病毒治疗能显著提高AIDS患者的细胞免疫功能,有效地控制机会性感染,符合治疗条件的患者应及时进行规范的抗病毒治疗。     

重庆市公共卫生医疗救治中心ART情况分析

目的 统计分析该中心2004～2014年治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者/艾滋病患者(HIV/AIDS)的抗病毒治疗(ART)情况.方法 采用回顾性研究,通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统中的艾滋病综合防治信息系统收集HIV/AIDS的ART数据信息并进行分析.结果 2004～2014年累计治疗1 856例艾滋病患者,对其随访情况进行统计,在治患者87.0％,死亡0.6％.根据纳入和删除标准,最终研究分析1 504例病例,男84.2％,女15.8％;平均年龄(39.17±13.36)岁;75.8％患者通过性接触途径感染;79.7％患者基线CD4小于350个/μL.免疫学效果分析显示,同基线时相比,不同治疗时间病例的CD4淋巴细胞计数均明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).治疗时间为1～2年的患者,CD4淋巴细胞平均增加149.8个/μL.病毒学效果分析显示,接受治疗的HIV/AIDS最近一次病毒戴量(VL)检测结果中,1 460例(占97.1％)小于400 copy/mL,病毒得到抑制.接受ART 0～6、6～12、12～24年时,病毒抑制率分别为90.0％、94.5％、98.2％.结论 该中心收治HIV/AIDS例数日趋增长,但病毒学抑制率较高、免疫学应答较好,在重庆市ART中取得了较好的成绩.     

脂肪因子与高效抗逆转录病毒治疗相关脂肪营养不良的临床研究

目的 调查接受高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)的AIDS患者糖脂代谢异常的发生率及其在HIV相关脂肪营养不良综合征(HIV related lipodystrophy,HIV-LD)组和非HIV-LD)组中的差异;比较两组的脂联素(adiponectin,APN)、瘦素(leptin,LEP)水平及其与糖脂代谢、脂肪异常分布的关系.方法 募集2007年3至5月期间在北京协和医院门诊随诊的成年HIV/AIDS患者52例,根据患者报告和医师评估结果,将上述患者分成HIV-LD组与非HIV-LD组,并对其进行全身双能X射线扫描(DEXA)检查和血浆胆固醇(CHO)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和胰岛索测定,应用ELISA法测定血浆APN和LEP水平,调查血脂异常和高胰岛素血症的发生情况及两组之间差异,并分析APN和LEP水平及其与血脂、胰岛素水平和各部位体脂含量的相关性.结果 ①52例HIV/AIDS患者中,至少一项血脂指标异常者59.6%,合并CHO、TG及HDL-C异常血症者分别为17.3%、50.0%和17.3%,空腹高胰岛素血症发生率25.0%.②LD组的TG水平显著高于非HIV-LD组,LD组的HDL-C水平和APN水平显著低于非HIV-LD组.HIV-LD患者的APN水平降低是HDL-C和胰岛素水平异常的独立预测指标,与四肢/全身脂肪总含量正相关,与躯干/全身脂肪总含量负相关.两组的血浆LEP水平均与全身脂肪总含量、四肢和躯干脂肪含量正相关.结论 血脂异常和胰岛素抵抗在接受HAART的AIDS患者中有较高发生率,HIV-LD组比非HIV-LD组更为明显.血浆APN水平下降在HIV-LD组中是HDL-C和胰岛素水平异常的独立预测指标,与脂肪异常分布密切相关;血浆LEP水平则是反映人体内脂肪总最的生物学标志之一.     

高效抗逆转录病毒治疗对AIDS患者MCP-1和MSP水平的影响

目的:研究高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)对AIDS患者血清中MCP-1、MSP水平的影响。方法:采用ELISA法检测40例经HAART3个月的国内AIDS患者及84例经HAART3至6年的德国患者血清MCP-1、MSP的水平,荧光定量PCR测定HIV-RNA滴度,流式细胞术检测CD4 T细胞计数。结果:HIV-1感染者血清MCP-1的水平显著高于正常人群(P<0.01),MSP则显著低于正常人群(P<0.01);经短期HAART(3月)后,MCP-1水平下降(P<0.01),MSP无明显改变;长期HAART(3至6年)后MCP-1水平显著升高(P<0.01),而MSP显著下降(P<0.01),MCP-1和MSP水平的变化呈负相关(r=-0.99,P=0.029)。结论:MCP-1、MSP与AIDS病程进展有密切关系,HAART对AIDS患者MCP-1、MSP水平有显著的改变,进而改善患者病程进展。     

Impaired CD4-cell immune reconstitution upon HIV therapy in patients with toxoplasmic encephalitis compared to patients with pneumocystis pneumonia as AIDS indicating disease

Objectives

There is only little data on immune reconstitution in antiretroviral naïve AIDS-patients with toxoplasmosis. The observation of several cases with reduced increase of CD4-cells upon start of antiretroviral treatment (ART) prompted us to investigate the topic using the ClinSurv cohort.

Methods

17 German HIV treatment centers contribute to ClinSurv, a multicentre observational cohort under the auspices of the Robert Koch Institute. We retrospectively selected all antiretroviral-naïve patients with toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) and -as comparator group -with pneumocystosis (PCP) between January 1999 and December 2005.

Results

A total of 257 patients were included in the analysis, 61 with TE and 196 with PCP. Demographic baseline data showed differences with regard to gender, transmission group, and baseline CD4⁺ counts (60.9 vs. 44.7/μl, p = 0.022). After ART-initiation the increase in CD4⁺ lymphocytes was lower in the TE-versus the PCP-group in the first, second and fourth three-month-period (74.4 vs. 120.3/μl, p = 0.006; 96.6 vs. 136.2/μl, p = 0.021; 156.5 vs. 211.5/μl, p = 0.013). Viral load (VL) was higher in the PCP-group at baseline (4.46 log₁₀cop/ml vs. 5.00 log₁₀cop/ml, p = 0.008), while virological success of ART was equal.

Conclusions

Our data show for the first time that the average CD4⁺ T-cell increase of patients with toxoplasmosis is impaired compared to PCP-patients. Most clinicians would not be prepared to discontinue follow-up TE-therapy unless CD4⁺ counts of 200/μl are reached. Explanation for our finding might be the myelosuppressive side effect of pyrimethamine, possible interactions of toxoplasmosis therapy with ART, or an unknown direct biological influence of toxoplasmosis on immune restoration.