16岁以下第五跖骨骨折回顾性分析

尽管小儿第五跖骨骨折占全部的小儿骨折不到6%~([1]),但它是最常见的小儿跖骨骨折,在小儿足部损伤中变得越来越常见~([2]).多数关于第五跖骨骨折文献报道的都是成人骨折~([3-7]),只有一篇文献报道了小儿第五跖骨骨折在跖骨骨折中的构成比,但并没有提到治疗~([2]).     

Schloffer法包皮成形术治疗小儿包茎的疗效分析

小儿包茎的治疗,在国内广泛应用包皮环扎术~([1,2]),它具有手术简单,无出血,可用于出血性疾病的患儿等优点~([3]),但切除了具有生理作用的包皮.较多学者主张保留包皮的成形术~([4,5]).笔者于1992年开始采用包皮背侧切开成形术~([6]),1997年运用无血环扎术~([2]),2006年起义采用schloffer法包皮成形术近200例.现将保存有完整记录、疗效满意,并获随访的了7例报告如下.     

儿童安全合理使用抗生素的重要性和紧迫性

感染性疾病是儿童期最为常见的疾病,也是儿童致死的主要原因,据WHO和国际儿童基金会报告,全球每年有1080万5岁以下儿童死亡,疾病与损伤是直接的死因~([1-2]).尽管在不发达国家和发展中国家儿童腹泻和肺炎是最常见的死因~([3]),但是不恰当的治疗可使本可治愈的疾病导致死亡.     

儿童泌尿系结石的诊断和治疗

在泌尿系结石患者中,儿童患者约占2%～3%~([1]).小儿泌尿系结石的发病率有其特点,如地区性、经济状况等.关于儿童泌尿系结石的发病率,尚缺乏可靠的统计学数据,VanDervoort等~([2])报道在一个医疗机构中,1994至2005年间泌尿系结石患儿所占住院患儿的比例增加了5倍.     

小儿重症肺炎并发症的诊治进展

由于众所周知的原因 ,小儿重症肺炎仍是我国5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因 ,其中绝大多数患儿是死于各种肺炎并发症[1] 。关于小儿重症肺炎并发症国外极少报道 ,可能与国外肺炎及重症肺炎发病率较低 ,以及对重症肺炎及并发症的界定不同有关。因此可以说 ,我国儿科工作者在小儿肺炎并发症的诊治方面具有许多独到的见解 ,对降低我国小儿重症肺炎的病死率也起到了非常积极的作用。1　关于小儿重症肺炎的评估、诊断绝大多数肺炎并发症都发生在重症肺炎的基础之上。因此 ,评价儿童肺炎病情轻重 ,不仅是决定在门诊治疗、住院治疗或在PICU治疗的依据…     

马蹄肾伴左侧重复肾并上、下肾及输尿管积水一例

患儿,女,~([1])岁,因B超检查发现左肾积水3d入院.患儿无不适,腹部查体无异常.B超示:左肾增大,大小约7.4cm×3.9cm,左肾盂明显扩张,约2.7cm,皮质受压变薄出约0.4cm,左侧输尿管全程扩张,近端~([1]).~([1])cm,远端~([1]).5cm,末端呈瘤样膨入膀胱,大小约3.2cm×2.3cm.     

重症肺炎的诊断与治疗

小儿重症肺炎起病快、病情重,变化快,并发症多,治疗矛盾多,易产生医源性疾病,促使病情恶化甚至死亡,故重症肺炎的诊断和正确治疗仍为儿科的重大课题.重视小儿重症肺炎的界定、社区获得性重症肺炎与医院获得性重症肺炎的定义及病原学、肺炎严重度评估、抗病原微生物的治疗及其预防的现代观点对重症肺炎的诊治十分重要.     

一氧化氮在小儿肠套叠发病机制中的作用的研究

小儿肠套叠是指肠管的一部分连同相应的肠系膜套人邻近肠腔内的一种特殊类型的肠梗阻,本病是婴幼儿时期的一种特有疾病,是最常见的婴幼儿急腹症,居婴幼儿肠梗阻原因之首位~([1]).     

从诊治常规变迁看肾小球疾病分类的进展

回首30年我国儿肾发展历程,诊治常规的制定、补充、修正一直备受关注.1979年首届小儿肾脏病科研协作组即制定了"关于小儿肾小球疾病临床分类及治疗的建议",将肾小球疾病分为原发和继发两大类,前者又进一步分为肾小球肾炎、肾病综合征、无症状血尿或蛋白尿,并就各自诊断标准给予详尽说明,此外还对肾病综合征治疗方案提出建议~([1]).     

小儿重症肺炎并发症的诊治进展

由于众所周知的原因，小儿重症肺炎仍是我国5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因，其中绝大多数患儿是死于各种肺炎并发症。关于小儿重症肺炎并发症国外极少报道，可能与国外肺炎及重症肺炎发病率较低，以及对重症肺炎及并发症的界定不同有关。因此可以说，我国儿科工作者在小儿肺炎并发     

Effect of the adaptation of the food of the hospitalized child on the cover of the nutritional needs]

AIMS: Denutrition remains a major concern in hospitalized children. Daily experience suggests that the meals proposed by hospital dietetic service, although well-balanced and in accordance with the recommendations, may be poorly accepted and consumed by children. The aims of this study were to assess the effect of modification of foods offer on energy intakes as well as nutriments and minerals and trace elements in hospitalized children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During a 1-month period, 25 consecutive children (range 4-17 years; 13 girls), hospitalized in our pediatric department were included in the study (reasons for hospitalisation comprised: medical reasons [n=7], orthopedic problem [n=16] or surgery [n=2]). They had no restricted diet and received the usual pediatric hospital feeding according to the French recommended dietary allowances (RDA) (D1). They were compared to 21 children--matched for age, sex, nutritional status and pathology, hospitalized during the following 1-month period--who received a modified diet (D2), elaborated by dieticians according to the child's preference and excluded or limited food usually nonconsumed by the children. Food consumption was prospectively measured for 24h by analysis of the nonconsumed foods, as well as browsing and extra food brought by the family. Analysis of energy, carbohydrate, lipid, protein, iron and calcium intake was made using Bilnut 3 software (Nutrisoft, France). RESULTS: D2 covered 119+/-37% of the median energy needs versus 89+/-37% for D1 (p<0.05). The median energy needs were more often reached with D2 as compared to D1 (62% versus 32%, p<0.05). Protein intake was high in both groups, more importantly with D2 (266+/-111% of RDA versus 193+/-77% with D1, p<0.05). We observed no difference between the 2 diets in regards of fat/carbohydrate balance and iron intake. Calcium intake was increased with the adapted diet: 68+/-26% of RDA with D2 versus 49+/-26% with D1 (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Adapting food offers to preference influences food and caloric intakes in hospitalized children. This could be an efficient strategy to prevent acute undernutrition in hospital.