糖尿病不同降糖药物与新型冠状病毒肺炎的相关性研究进展

糖尿病是一种慢性代谢性疾病,其特征为多种代谢及血管异常,会影响机体对病原体的反应,大多数现有证据表明,无论是1型糖尿病(T1DM)还是2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者,新冠肺炎的严重程度和死亡率都有显著增加,新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的存在也对糖尿病的治疗产生了一定的影响。本文对COVID-19及糖尿病的相互作用机...     

Unifying the spatial epidemiology and molecular evolution of emerging epidemics

We introduce a conceptual bridge between the previously unlinked fields of phylogenetics and mathematical spatial ecology, which enables the spatial parameters of an emerging epidemic to be directly estimated from sampled pathogen genome sequences. By using phylogenetic history to correct for spatial autocorrelation, we illustrate how a fundamental spatial variable, the diffusion coefficient, can be estimated using robust nonparametric statistics, and how heterogeneity in dispersal can be readily quantified. We apply this framework to the spread of the West Nile virus across North America, an important recent instance of spatial invasion by an emerging infectious disease. We demonstrate that the dispersal of West Nile virus is greater and far more variable than previously measured, such that its dissemination was critically determined by rare, long-range movements that are unlikely to be discerned during field observations. Our results indicate that, by ignoring this heterogeneity, previous models of the epidemic have substantially overestimated its basic reproductive number. More generally, our approach demonstrates that easily obtainable genetic data can be used to measure the spatial dynamics of natural populations that are otherwise difficult or costly to quantify.     

利用新型冠状病毒核酸采样站应对突发公共卫生事件的思考

[摘要]?新型冠状病毒肺炎（新冠肺炎）疫情自2019年12月暴发以来,已形成全球大流行,严重危害人类生命安全。新型冠状病毒核酸检测阳性是确诊感染的首要诊断标准,核酸检测是有效排查、精准防控的重要手段。医疗机构作为保障人民生命安全的重要场所、疫情防控的前线,建设相对固定的核酸采样站是开展正常诊疗的重要保障。随着我国新冠肺炎疫情防控从应急状态转为常态化“后疫情时代”,大规模核酸采集已不再常规开展,但类似传染病仍有暴发可能,诸如批量检测抗原等类似的生物样本采集应对模式,亦有相应的应用空间。本文结合解放军总医院第五医学中心在新型冠状病毒流行期间建设核酸采样站的实践经验,分析核酸采样站的建设要点与注意事项,从核酸采样站的功能分区、器材配备、配套设施、运行保障等方面提出建设性意见,并在流程、布局等方面与其他集中采样站点建设模式进行比较,分析优劣,以期在应对类似突发公共卫生事件时为建设科学合理的采样站提供有益参考。     

Hepatic and gastrointestinal involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): What do we know till now?

Since December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has posed a serious threat to global health and is currently causing a major pandemic. While patients typically present with fever and a respiratory illness, mounting evidence indicates that patients might also report extra-pulmonary manifestations, including those affecting the liver and gastrointestinal tract. This involvement may have important implications to the disease management, transmission, and prognosis, especially in patients with pre-existing hepatic or digestive co-morbidities.In this review, the characteristics and possible explanations of hepatic and gastrointestinal involvement caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection are summarized, adding to our knowledge of the spectrum of COVID-19. In addition, preventive measures implemented in endoscopy departments to prevent further dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 infection are proposed.     

Potential beneficial role of probiotics on the outcome of COVID-19 patients: An evolving perspective

Background and aimsProbiotics can support the body’s systems in fighting viral infections. This review is aimed to focus current knowledge about the use of probiotics as adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 patients.MethodsWe performed an extensive research using the PubMed-LitCovid, Cochrane Library, Embase databases, and conducting manual searches on Google Scholar, Elsevier Connect, Web of Science about this issue.ResultsWe have found several papers reporting data about the potential role of probiotics as well as contrasting experimental data about it.ConclusionsMost data show good results demonstrating that probiotics can play a significant role in fighting SARS-CoV-2 infection, also compared with their use in the past for various diseases. They seem effective in lowering inflammatory status, moreover in patients with chronic comorbidities such as cancer and diabetes, improving clinical outcomes.     

新型冠状病毒感染后血液细胞学指标变化--疾病诊断和发展的预警

新型冠状病毒(2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-Cov-2)感染引发的新型冠状病毒病(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)患者的血液学改变很常见。研究发现感染初期可见外周血白细胞和淋巴细胞减少,CD4+T及CD8+T淋巴细胞显著减少,也可见血小板减少及血红蛋白下降。随着病情加重,淋巴细胞持续严重减少。中性粒细胞数增高、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值升高及血红蛋白水平下降与疾病进展和预后不良关联。单核-巨噬细胞系统活化加重了肺和其他组织免疫损伤,导致D-二聚体升高、凝血酶原时间延长及血小板消耗增加。文章对COVID-19引起的造血异常及其可能机制进行综述。