关节镜辅助下微创治疗胫骨平台骨折35例疗效分析

目的 探讨关节镜辅助下微创治疗胫骨平台骨折的手术方法及临床效果 .方法 2007年7月～2009年11月,在关节镜辅助下经皮螺钉、钢板内固 定术治疗胫骨平台骨折患者35例(合并其他结构损伤予相应处理),观察临床治疗效果.结果 术后随访6～20个月,平均11个月,所有骨折均在3～5个月内愈合,无 感染等并发症,按术后6个...     

膝关节镜微创手术应用于胫骨平台骨折的疗效及安全性分析

目的探讨膝关节镜微创手术治疗胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效及安全性。方法选取2014年1月-2016年1月该院50例胫骨平台骨折患者,根据随机数字法,将其分为对照组(传统开放手术)和观察组(膝关节镜微创手术),每组各25例,比较两组手术情况、术后并发症和膝关节功能恢复情况。结果与对照组相比,观察组手术时间、术中出血量、下床活动时间、负重下地活动时间和术后引流量均明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,观察组术后伤口感染、畸形愈合、创伤性关节炎和膝关节僵直等并发症发生率明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,观察组患者膝关节功能评分及放射学评分优良率均明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论膝关节镜微创手术能够明显降低胫骨平台骨折患者术后并发症发生率,有利于患者术后膝关节功能恢复,具有较高的临床疗效及治疗安全性。     

关节镜下微创治疗18例胫骨平台骨折合并前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的疗效观察

目的 探讨关节镜下微创治疗胫骨平台骨折合并前交叉韧带(ACL)胫骨止点撕脱骨折的手术效果.方法 选择2016年7月-2019年7月上海市宝山区罗店医院骨科和锦州医科大学附属第三医院骨二科收治的18例胫骨平台骨折合并ACL胫骨止点撕脱骨折的患者.利用关节镜进行关节腔检查、处理合并症、复位骨折及微创内固定,采用膝关节功能H...     

微创经皮锁定钢板内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折的效果分析

目的探讨实用微创经皮锁定钢板内固定术（MIPPO）在治疗胫骨平台骨折中的效果。方法MIP—PO治疗胫骨平台59例,其中男34例,女25例,年龄17～78岁,平均37．9岁。其中闭合伤46例,开放性损伤13例。按Schatzker分类方法：I型12例,Ⅱ型21例,Ⅲ型15例,Ⅳ型11例。术中骨折处塌陷严重者行植骨。结果所有59例患者均获得有效随访,平均随访时间18．6个月。骨折愈合平均时间3．2个月,无延迟愈合、不愈合、内固定松动及畸形愈合,最终随访采用Lysholm膝关节功能评分,优43例,良11侧,可5例,总优良率为91．5％。结论MIPP0结合锁定钢板在治疗胫骨平台骨折中具有创伤小、固定牢固、感染率低、并发症少、骨折愈合率高、可早期功能锻炼等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

关节镜辅助下治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的疗效分析

目的 探讨关节镜辅助下治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效.方法 选取2017年1月-2018年12月51例于该院治疗的胫骨平台SchatzkerⅤ型、Ⅵ型骨折患者,回顾性分析患者的临床治疗过程和术后随访资料.根据手术方式分为关节镜组和常规组,关节镜组24例,采用关节镜辅助下微创内固定治疗;常规组27例,采用常规切开复位内固...     

胫骨平台骨折38例关节镜及C形臂X线 机微创治疗的临床研究

目的 探讨在关节镜及C形臂X线机辅助下对胫骨平台骨折患者开展微创内固定术治疗的临床疗效和安全性分析。方法 选取该院2009年2月-2014年2月收治的38例胫骨平台骨折患者,Schatzker 分型（I型6例,II型9例,III型17例,IV型4例,V型2例）。所有患者均为新鲜闭合性骨折,术前均进行CT片、X片或MR检查,术中通过关节镜引导以及C形臂X线机辅助下对患者实施小切口复位内固定术治疗,诸如先对患者关节内合并损失进行处理,再对患者骨折实施解剖复位,并于复位后采用解剖支撑钢板或者松质骨拉力螺钉进行内固定,最后采用同种异体骨或者自体髂骨对患者缺损处进行植骨治疗,术后指导患者进行良好的早期功能恢复锻炼。结果 38例胫骨平台骨折患者均获得随访,平均（16.54±6.87）个月。38例患者术后3～5个月经X线片观察,均获得骨性愈合,均不存在关节内感染及切口感染,也无创口延迟愈合、皮肤坏死、内固定物断裂或松动等发生。Lysholm膝关节评分分析,优30例,占78.95%,良5例,占13.06%,可2例,占5.26%,差2例,占5.26%,总优良率达到92.11%。结论 在具备熟练的关节镜操作技术基础上,关节镜及C形臂X线机辅助下对胫骨平台骨折患者开展微创内固定术治疗胫骨平台骨折患者的疗效显著,安全性高,不良反应小,能够在有效复位的同时合理处理关节腔内其他合并损伤,具有重要的临床应用价值。此外,良好的手术经验及护理配合对手术的顺利进行及患者的康复均起到了较好的促进作用。     

复杂胫骨平台骨折两种微创内固定方法的生物力学对比研究

目的比较复杂胫骨平台骨折两种微创内固定方法的生物力学差异。方法采集12具成人防腐尸体胫骨平台标本,制成复杂胫骨平台骨折模型(Schatzker分型Ⅵ型)。分别用外侧LISS锁定钢板+后内侧重建钢板(LISS+RP)、单独外侧锁定钢板(LISS)固定,进行位移、轴向刚度的研究。结果 LISS+RP组生物力学稳定性显著优于LISS组(P0.05)。结论LISS+RP是目前治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折较合适的内固定方式。     

Minimising tibial fracture after unicompartmental knee replacement: A probabilistic finite element study

BackgroundPeriprosthetic tibial fracture after unicompartmental knee replacement is a challenging post-operative complication. Patients have an increased risk of mortality after fracture, the majority undergo further surgery, and the revision operations are less successful. Inappropriate surgical technique increases the risk of fracture, but it is unclear which technical aspects of the surgery are most problematic and no research has been performed on how surgical factors interact.MethodsFirstly, this study quantified the typical variance in surgical cuts made during unicompartmental knee replacement (determined from bones prepared by surgeons during an instructional course). Secondly, these measured distributions were used to create a probabilistic finite element model of the tibia after replacement. A thousand finite element models were created using the Monte Carlo method, representing 1000 virtual operations, and the risk of tibial fracture was assessed.FindingsMultivariate linear regression of the results showed that excessive resection depth and making the vertical cut too deep posteriorly increased the risk of fracture. These two parameters also had high variability in the prepared synthetic bones. The regression equation calculated the risk of fracture from three cut parameters (resection depth, vertical and horizonal posterior cuts) and fit the model results with 90% correlation.InterpretationThis study introduces for the first time the application of a probabilistic approach to predict the aetiology of fracture after unicompartmental knee replacement, providing unique insight into the relative importance of surgical saw cut variations. Targeted changes to operative technique can now be considered to seek to reduce the risk of periprosthetic fracture.     

关节镜监护下微创经皮钢板固定治疗胫骨平台骨折

目的为胫骨平台骨折治疗探索一种新的治疗方法。方法运用关节镜、微创技术经皮钢板内固定治疗40例胫骨骨折。常规膝关节镜检查，在胫骨内侧建立皮下隧道，通过此隧道将解剖钢板安放在胫骨内侧骨膜上，在关节镜监视下骨折复位，少数螺钉予以固定。结果35病例得到随访，时间12-24个月，平均15个月。骨折愈合时间2.5～4．5个月，平均3．1个月。未见骨不连，及钢板断裂、松动。结论胫骨平台骨折关节镜处理能提供关节内良好视野，有助于骨折的正确复位和固定；微创钢板接骨术能减低对骨折处血运的干扰，提高骨折愈合率。     

微创经皮锁定钢板治疗胫骨骨折34例疗效分析

目的：探索微创经皮锁定钢板治疗胫骨骨折的疗效。方法：采用微创经皮锁定钢板治疗胫骨骨折34例,其中男性21例,女性13例,胫骨上段骨折8例,中下段骨折26例,按AO分型,A型24例,B型6例,C型4例。结果：手术用时30~57min,平均48min;术中出血50~150mL,平均100mL,术后肿胀消退时间2~7d,平均4d,临床愈合时间为12~19周,平均15周。有1例发生切口处湿疹,1例切口处感染,所有患者均一期愈合,无钢板螺钉松动断裂,无骨髓炎等。临床近期治疗效果按Johner-Wruhs标准评定：本组病例优23例,良8例,中2例,差1例,优良率91.2%。结论：微创经皮锁定钢板固定法治疗胫骨骨折具有手术创伤小,软组织破坏少,固定可靠,术后并发症少,骨折愈合快,愈合率高,临床疗效好。     

胫骨平台后外侧骨折3种内固定方式的有限元分析

背景：如今胫骨平台骨折的研究已由起初的内外侧＂双轨道结构＂逐步转型为＂360°全方位立体结构＂,国内外学者们更关注平台后侧结构的稳定性、复位情况以及对复位后功能恢复的影响。后侧平台的内固定材料的选择仍无明确定论,存在较大争议。目的：探讨胫骨平台后外侧骨折3种内固定方式的生物力学特性。方法：通过计算机三维有限元技术,模拟胫骨平台后外侧1/2和后外侧1/4骨折。分别使用前侧2枚6.5 mm拉力螺钉、外侧4.5 mm L型钢板以及后侧3.5 mm T型钢板置入内固定骨折块。在胫骨平台中心处加载500 N纵向应力,比较3种内固定方式的生物力学状态。结果与结论：在1/2骨块模型中,前侧拉力螺钉与后侧钢板在各个方向上的位移较小,外侧钢板的位移较其他两种固定方式大。而在1/4骨块模型中,前侧拉力螺钉在各方向的位移优势更明显,后侧钢板的位移居次,外侧钢板的位移最大。1/2骨块上,前侧拉力螺钉的最大应力为36.523 MPa,外侧钢板为153.372 MPa,后侧钢板为115.922 MPa;而在骨块上的最大应力前侧拉力螺钉模型为4.309 MPa,外侧钢板为4.37 MPa,后侧钢板为3.124 MPa。1/4骨块上前侧拉力螺钉的最大应力为36.803 MPa,外侧钢板为153.336 MPa,后侧钢板为104.234 MPa;而在骨块上的最大应力前侧拉力螺钉模型为1.195 MPa,外侧钢板为0.827 MPa,后侧钢板为1.196 MPa。提示前侧拉力螺钉能够承担更大的应力,并在受到应力后位移变化较小,可提供较稳定的支持。而后侧钢板在骨块较大（1/2骨块）时,能够提供较强的稳定性,与拉力螺钉相仿;而在骨块较小（1/4骨块）时,稳定性不如前侧拉力螺钉。外侧钢板在固定胫骨平台后外侧骨折时,稳定性较差,不如前侧拉力螺钉和后侧钢板。     

A fluoroscopy-based planning and guidance software tool for minimally invasive hip refixation by cement injection

Purpose

In orthopaedics, minimally invasive injection of bone cement is an established technique. We present HipRFX, a software tool for planning and guiding a cement injection procedure for stabilizing a loosening hip prosthesis. HipRFX works by analysing a pre-operative CT and intraoperative C-arm fluoroscopic images.

Methods

HipRFX simulates the intraoperative fluoroscopic views that a surgeon would see on a display panel. Structures are rendered by modelling their X-ray attenuation. These are then compared to actual fluoroscopic images which allow cement volumes to be estimated. Five human cadaver legs were used to validate the software in conjunction with real percutaneous cement injection into artificially created periprothetic lesions.

Results

Based on intraoperatively obtained fluoroscopic images, our software was able to estimate the cement volume that reached the pre-operatively planned targets. The actual median target lesion volume was 3.58 ml (range 3.17–4.64 ml). The median error in computed cement filling, as a percentage of target volume, was 5.3 % (range 2.2–14.8 %). Cement filling was between 17.6 and 55.4 % (median 51.8 %).

Conclusions

As a proof of concept, HipRFX was capable of simulating intraoperative fluoroscopic C-arm images. Furthermore, it provided estimates of the fraction of injected cement deposited at its intended target location, as opposed to cement that leaked away. This level of knowledge is usually unavailable to the surgeon viewing a fluoroscopic image and may aid in evaluating the success of a percutaneous cement injection intervention.

     

不同内固定物治疗胫骨平台后内侧骨折的生物力学分析

背景：胫骨平台后内侧骨折的治疗较困难,容易出现因骨折固定方式选择不当导致骨折再次移位、骨不连、内固定失效及关节功能活动障碍等并发症。目的：分析3种胫骨平台后内侧骨折不同固定方法的生物力学效果。方法：27具新鲜骨标本,制成胫骨平台后内侧骨折模型,分别制成正常组,双钢板固定组,T形钢板固定组,拉力螺钉固定组。对以上3组进行压力、载荷一位移、应力强度、刚度和旋转性能测试。结果与结论：双钢板固定组载荷一位移显著小于T型钢板固定组和拉力螺钉固定组,双钢板固定组轴向刚度、水平剪切刚度及转矩扭角变化,均显著大于T型钢板固定组和拉力螺钉固定组。提示胫骨平台后内侧骨折双钢板固定较其他2种方法更具有生物力学上的稳定性。     

胫骨平台骨折手术治疗的临床分析

目的探讨胫骨平台骨折的治疗方法。方法对手术治疗43例胫骨平台骨折做回顾性总结分析。结果 43例随访37例,按KDLMERT膝关节功能恢复标准,膝关节功能优良者32例(86.5%),可、差者5例(13.5%)。结论不同类型的胫骨平台骨折应采用不同的手术方法 ,对并发症的准确判断、处理和正确有效的功能锻炼,是提高手术效果的关键。     

Biomechanical comparison of traditional and minimally invasive intradural tumor exposures using finite element analysis

Background

Minimally invasive approaches to intradural pathology have evolved in part in an effort to reduce approach related destabilization of the spine. No biomechanical data exist however evaluating the effects of traditional and minimally invasive exposures.

Methods

A finite element model of the lumbar spine was generated, and a simulated open laminectomy and a modified hemilaminectomy at L4 were performed. Forces were applied to assess changes in flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending.

Findings

Open laminectomy produced much greater changes in extension, flexion, and axial rotation than the modified hemilaminectomy from the intact. Lateral bending was similarly unaffected for both exposures.

Interpretation

The results suggest that a minimally invasive hemilaminar exposure preserves the structural integrity of the lumbar spine and minimizes alterations to segmental motion postoperatively.     

经皮微创钢板治疗胫骨平台骨折患者的早期康复护理

目的探讨早期康复护理对经皮微创钢板治疗胫骨平台骨折患者术后功能恢复的影响。方法对40例胫骨平台骨折患者术前予康复训练指导；术后针对患者具体情况实施起始康复、继续康复、促进康复、后期康复的四阶段康复护理干预。结果术后3月按膝关节功能评分标准评定，优14例、良19例、尚可6例、差1例。结论早期康复护理有利于患者术后膝关节屈曲度增加，减少并发症，缩短住院天数，提高患者的生活质量。     

经皮微创钢板内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折对患者膝关节功能、生活质量的影响

目的 探讨经皮微创钢板内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折对患者膝关节功能、生活质量的影响.方法 将120例胫骨平台骨折患者按照抽签法分为对照组和观察组,各60例.对照组实施切开复位钢板内固定术治疗,观察组实施经皮微创钢板内固定治疗.比较两组的治疗效果.结果 观察组的手术切口长度、骨折线消失时间、住院时间短于对照组,术中出血量少于对...     

Design and finite element analysis of a novel smart clamper for aortic cross-clamping in minimally invasive surgery

Aortic cross-clamping is a critical action during heart surgeries which may cause some injuries to the wall of the artery. These injuries may have both short-term and long-term adverse effects on the artery function. Appropriate clampers can properly occlude the artery and decrease the extent of injury. Thus, developing a model for evaluation of such clampers is inevitable. In this paper, a finite element model of the aorta is presented; then, different mechanisms of clamping are investigated. In this regard, a numerical model of aortic cross-clamping by three types of clampers has been implemented with consideration of nonlinear behavior of two-layer artery, residual stress in aorta, and calcification. These three clamper models are commercial Chitwood clamper and linear mechanism clamper with and without balloon. Using the obtained results, comparative analysis was performed between the proposed clamper design and the commercial one. Based upon the analysis, it was concluded that the designed clamper, linear mechanism clamper with balloon, helps to distribute the stress uniformly in different layers of the aorta, which results in better performance of the clamping procedure and causes less injury in the aorta, especially when there is calcification.     

关节镜监视下微创经皮螺丝钉内固定治疗低能量胫骨平台骨折围手术期护理

目的 总结在关节镜监视下微创经皮螺丝钉内固定治疗低能量胫骨平台骨折围手术期护理方法及近期疗效.方法 在关节镜监视下经皮螺丝钉内固定治疗低能量胫骨平台骨折36例,指导患者早期进行股四头肌及关节功能锻炼,并做好出院前指导,嘱患者定期X线复查,晚负重.结果 36例随访6～24个月,平均12个月,所有骨折均获骨性愈合.总体优良率91.6%.结论 关节镜监视下经皮螺丝钉内固定治疗低能量胫骨平台骨折复位满意,固定可靠,关节功能恢复快、恢复好,镜下手术创伤小,并发症少,还能同时处理关节内并发伤及其它疾病.     

微创治疗胫骨平台骨折患者围术期人性化护理效果研究

目的探讨关节镜辅助下微创治疗胫骨平台骨折患者围术期实施人性化护理干预的效果。方法采用微创关节镜辅助下治疗45例胫骨平台骨折患者,并对此45例患者实施围术期人性化护理。结果 45例患者全部得到了随访,随访时间为12~20个月,平均16个月。所有患者手术切口均Ⅰ期愈合,未出现骨筋膜室综合症、血管神经损伤、感染及下肢静脉血栓等并发症。骨折均愈合,愈合时间为11~20周,平均愈合时间为15周。按Rasmussen膝关节功能评分标准评定疗效为优34例,良9例,可2例,优良率为95.6%。结论关节镜辅助下微创治疗胫骨平台骨折,创伤小,可同时处理关节内合并伤,围术期实施人性化护理干预,骨折愈合良好,并发症少,功能恢复快,是一种良好的方法。