Ankle inversion taping using kinesiology tape for treating medial ankle sprain in an amateur soccer player

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to report the effects of ankle inversion taping using kinesiology tape in a patient with a medial ankle sprain. [Subject] A 28-year-old amateur soccer player suffered a Grade 2 medial ankle sprain during a match. [Methods] Ankle inversion taping was applied to the sprained ankle every day for 2 months. [Results] His symptoms were reduced after ankle inversion taping application for 2 months. The self-reported function score, the reach distances in the Star Excursion Balance Test, and the weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion were increased. [Conclusion] This study showed that ankle inversion taping using kinesiology tape may be an effective therapy for a patient with a medial ankle sprain.Key words: Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool, Eversion ankle sprain, Star Excursion Balance Test     

下肢整体康复训练治疗功能性踝关节不稳的疗效观察

目的:观察下肢整体康复训练治疗功能性踝关节不稳的疗效.方法:选取功能性踝关节不稳患者57例随机分成对照组(28例)和治疗组(29例).对照组进行踝关节关节活动度训练、踝关节周围肌群力量训练和本体感觉训练,治疗组在此基础上辅以下肢整体康复训练,2组均进行8周的治疗训练.于训练前、训练8周后分别对2组患者的踝关节采用星形平...     

Kinematic predictors of star excursion balance test performance in individuals with chronic ankle instability

BackgroundThe Star Excursion Balance Test has identified dynamic postural control deficits in individuals with chronic ankle instability. While kinematic predictors of Star Excursion Balance Test performance have been evaluated in healthy individuals, this has not been thoroughly examined in individuals with chronic ankle instability.MethodsFifteen individuals with chronic ankle instability completed the anterior reach direction of the Star Excursion Balance Test and weight-bearing dorsiflexion assessments. Maximum reach distances on the Star Excursion Balance Test were measured in cm and normalized to leg length. Three-dimensional trunk, hip, knee, and ankle motion of the stance limb were recorded during each anterior reach trial using a motion capture system. Sagittal, frontal, and transverse plane displacement observed from trial initiation to the point of maximum reach was calculated for each joint or segment and averaged for analysis. Pearson product–moment correlations were performed to examine the relationships between kinematic variables, maximal reach, and weight-bearing dorsiflexion. A backward multiple linear regression model was developed with maximal reach as the criterion variable and kinematic variables as predictors.FindingsFrontal plane displacement of the trunk, hip, and ankle and sagittal plane knee displacement were entered into the analysis. The final model (p = 0.004) included all three frontal plane variables and explained 81% of the variance in maximal reach. Maximal reach distance and several kinematic variables were significantly related to weight-bearing dorsiflexion.InterpretationIndividuals with chronic ankle instability who demonstrated greater lateral trunk displacement toward the stance limb, hip adduction, and ankle eversion achieved greater maximal reach.     

肌内效贴治疗慢性踝关节不稳的即刻及短期疗效观察

目的：探索肌内效贴（KT）贴扎对慢性踝关节不稳（CAI）的即刻影响及短期疗效。方法：60例慢性CAI患者随机分为对照组和KT组各30例,对照组接受常规功能训练,KT组在此基础上辅以KT治疗,共治疗4周。分别在治疗前、治疗后即刻和治疗4周后采用等速肌力测试系统测试踝关节外翻平均峰值力矩（E-PT）,并结合Y平衡测试（YBT）、Cumberland踝关节不稳问卷（CAIT）及自觉踝关节稳定性量表（PAI）对患者进行评定。结果：治疗后即刻较治疗前和对照组同时间比较,KT组YBT评分均明显提高（均P<0.05）,PAI评分均明显降低（均P<0.05）。治疗4周后,2组E-PT、YBT评分、CAIT评分均较治疗前明显提高（均P<0.05）,PAI评分明显降低（均P<0.05）,且KT组YBT评分、CAIT评分较对照组同时间点比较均更高（均P<0.05）,且PAI评分更低（P<0.05）。结论：肌内效贴治疗能即刻增强慢性踝关节不稳患者踝关节稳定性,在常规功能训练基础上结合肌内效贴治疗利于进一步改善其功能障碍。     

NEUROMUSCULAR CONTROL DURING PERFORMANCE OF A DYNAMIC BALANCE TASK IN SUBJECTS WITH AND WITHOUT ANKLE INSTABILITY

Design

Cross‐sectional, controlled laboratory study

Background

Lateral ankle sprains are common injuries and often lead to chronic ankle instability (CAI). Individuals who previously sustained a lateral ankle sprain, but did not develop CAI, termed copers, may have altered postural control strategies compared to individuals who have developed CAI. These altered postural control strategies may allow for more appropriate dynamic stabilization of the ankle joint after injury compared to those seen in patients who have developed CAI.

Objective

To compare lower leg biomechanics, as well as electromyographic (EMG) activation of the tibilias anterior and peroneus longus muscles, during the posteromedial reach of the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) in individuals with healthy ankles, copers, and those with CAI.

Participants and Methods

30 participants (12 control, 9 copers, 9 CAI) divided into three groups based on ankle sprain history and Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool score. Kinematic, kinetic, and EMG data were collected during three posteromedial reach trials on the SEBT.

Main Outcome Measures

Primary outcome measures include SEBT normalized reach distance in the posteromedial direction and average integrated EMG activation of the tibialis anterior and peroneus longus muscles during the reach. Secondary outcome measures included sagittal and frontal plane ankle complex angles and moments and sagittal plane knee angles and moments. Data were analyzed between groups using a one‐way ANOVA model.

Results

No significant differences in reach distance or kinematic and kinetic outcomes were found between groups. The activation of the tibialis anterior and peroneus longus muscles was significantly different between groups (p=0.033 and p=0.014, respectively). The post‐hoc analysis revealed that the coper group had significantly higher muscle activation compared to the control group, but not to the CAI group.

Conclusion

CAI did not alter kinematic, kinetic, or reach performance during the SEBT. When compared to controls, copers appeared to have greater activation of the ankle musculature, which may increase stability of the ankle complex during a dynamic balance task.

Level of Evidence

Prospective Cohort level II     

Effects of ankle balance taping with kinesiology tape for a patient with chronic ankle instability

[Purpose] To report the effects of ankle balance taping for a patient with chronic ankle instability (CAI). [Subject] A 33-year-old man with a 10 year history of chronic ankle stability. [Methods] ABT with kinesiology tape was performed for 2 months (average, 16 h/day) around the right ankle. [Results] At the end of two months, no ankle instability was noted when ascending and descending the stairs, jumping, turning, operating the pedals while driving, and lifting heavy objects. [Conclusion] The repeated use of kinesiology tape in ankle balance taping may be an effective treatment for recovering the ankle stability of patients with chronic ankle instability.Key words: Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool, Elastic therapeutic tape, Kinesio taping     

CAN PROXIMAL HIP STRENGTH AND DYNAMIC CONTROL DIFFERENTIATE FUNCTIONAL ANKLE STABILITY CLASSIFICATIONS?

Background:Ankle instability can be problematic in an active population with multiple risk factors associated with recurrence.Purpose:The aim of this study was to determine if deficits in weight-bearing and non-weight bearing assessment of hip strength or dynamic balance in lower extremity reaching tasks from flat and inclined surfaces can differentiate subjects classified as controls, ankle sprain copers, or those with chronic, recurrent ankle sprains.Study Design:Quasiexperimental, Ex post factoMethods:A convenience sample of 60 subjects was classified into control, coper, or chronic ankle sprain groups based on the results of the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability Questionnaire. Subjects were tested for peak force production of their hip extensors, hip abductors, and a composite of hip extension and external rotation while in a standing position using a hand-held dynamometer. Additionally, each subject performed a modified Star Excursion Balance Test in anterior, posterolateral, and posteromedial directions from both a flat and 15 ° inverted stance position. One-way analysis of variance was calculated for between group differences of hip strength and balance reach ability and ankle stability classification. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were derived to evaluate relationships between hip strength and dynamic balance tests.Results:Twenty-one subjects were assigned to the control group, 23 to the coper group, and 16 to the chronic group. There were no significant differences between groups in self-report of Foot and Ankle Ability Measures or Tegner activity levels. Mean hip strength was not significantly different between ankle sprain classification groups (p = 0.66 – 0.82). The mean limb symmetry index for hip strength comparing injured and uninjured ankles was nearly symmetrical in all ankle stability groups (p = 0.34 – 0.97). The same symmetry was present when comparing injured and uninjured abilities for all dynamic balance reach tasks from both flat and inclined surfaces. (p = 0.16 – 0.62). There was a fair relationship between hip extension and weight-bearing hip extension/external rotation strength and the posteromedial and posterolateral reach tasks with correlation coefficients in the range of 0.33 – 0.43.ConclusionPerformance measures of tri-planar, static, isometric hip strength and lower extremity reach in dynamic balance tasks could not differentiate subjects without a history of injury from those subjects with one or more lateral ligamentous ankle sprains.Level Of Evidence:2b; Ex post facto     

髋周肌群力量训练对功能性踝关节不稳的疗效及表面肌电评价

目的 探讨髋周肌群力量训练对功能性踝关节不稳(FAI)的疗效,并采用表面肌电(sEMG)进行评价。方法 从2019年1月至2020年6月,青岛市市立医院FAI患者60例,随机分为对照组(n = 30)和观察组(n = 30)。对照组患者接受常规治疗,包括踝关节松动训练、力量训练和平衡训练;观察组加用髋周肌群力量训练。治疗前、治疗6周后采用坎伯兰踝关节不稳问卷(CAIT)、星形偏移平衡测试(SEBT)进行评定,采用sEMG测量积分肌电值(iEMG)。臀中肌、臀大肌的iEMG分别与CAIT和SEBT进行Pearson相关性分析。结果 试验过程无脱落。治疗前,两组的CAIT评分、SEBT 8个方向距离和iEMG均无显著性差异(P > 0.05)。治疗6周后,两组CAIT评分、SEBT 8个方向距离均较治疗前显著增加(t > 3.657, P < 0.001);观察组的臀中肌和臀大肌iEMG显著增加(t > 22.038, P < 0.001),对照组无显著变化(t < 1.916, P > 0.05);观察组CAIT评分、SEBT 8个方向距离及臀中肌、臀大肌iEMG均优于对照组(t > 2.125, P < 0.05)。观察组臀中肌、臀大肌iEMG均与CAIT、SEBT呈中高度相关(r = 0.712~0.866, P < 0.05)。结论 髋周肌群力量训练可以进一步改善FAI患者踝关节功能。臀中肌、臀大肌的iEMG可以评价力量训练的疗效。     

Effects of posture and lower limb muscle strength on the results of the Star Excursion Balance Test

[Purpose] This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the distance measurements in the Star Excursion Balance Test and participants’ posture and lower limb muscle strength. [Participants and Methods] Nine healthy male college students participated in this study. Star Excursion Balance Test distance was measured in both lower limbs by performing anterior, posterolateral, and posteromedial trials; measuring the maximum reach; and performing three-dimensional motion analysis to determine the posture at maximum reach. Isokinetic muscle strength for knee flexion/extension, hip flexion/extension, and hip adduction/abduction were measured using an isokinetic machine. [Results] The hip extension strength, reach side ankle dorsiflexion angles, stance side knee flexion, reach side knee flexion, and knee flexion strength were selected as significant explanatory variables in the anterior direction. For the posteromedial direction, hip adduction and hip extension strength, reach side hip flexion angle, and stance side hip flexion angle were selected. For the posterolateral direction, reach side knee flexion angle and stance side ankle dorsiflexion, knee flexion strength and reach side hip flexion angle were selected. [Conclusion] The related factors differed between the dominant and non-dominant legs even in the same reach direction.     

Cross-cultural adaptation,reliability, and validity of the Persian version of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to translate and to cross-culturally adapt the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) into Persian language and to evaluate its psychometric properties.

Method: The International Quality of Life Assessment process was pursued to translate CAIT into Persian. Two groups of Persian-speaking individuals, 105 participants with a history of ankle sprain and 30 participants with no history of ankle sprain, were asked to fill out Persian version of CAIT (CAIT-P), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Data obtained from the first administration of CAIT were used to evaluate floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency, dimensionality, and criterion validity. To determine the test–retest reliability, 45 individuals re-filled CAIT 5–7 days after the first session.

Results: Cronbach’s alpha was over the cutoff point of 0.70 for both ankles and in both groups. The intra-class correlation coefficient was high for right (0.95) and left (0.91) ankles. There was a strong correlation between each item and the total score of the CAIT-P. Although the CAIT-P had strong correlation with VAS, its correlation with both subscales of FAAM was moderate.

Conclusions: The CAIT-P has good validity and reliability and it can be used by clinicians and researchers for identification and investigation of functional ankle instability.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Chronic ankle instability is one of the most common consequences of acute ankle sprain.

• Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool is an acceptable measure to determine functional ankle instability and its severity.

• The Persian version of Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool is a valid and reliable tool for clinical and research purpose in Persian-speaking individuals.

     

Cross-cultural adaptation,reliability, and validity of the Japanese version of the Cumberland ankle instability tool

Purpose To study validity and reliability of a Japanese version of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool and to determine the optimal cutoff score. Methods In this study, the questionnaire was cross-culturally adapted into Japanese. The psychometric properties tested in the Japanese version of the CAIT were measured for criteria validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability in 111 collegiate soccer athletes. We also established the questionnaire cutoff score for discriminating between individuals with and without CAI. Results There was a significant correlation between the Japanese version of the CAIT and the Karlsson score (r?=?0.604, p?α?=?0.833) and reliability [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)?=?0.826, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.732–0.888]. The optimal cutoff score was?≤25, which was consistent with previous reports. Conclusions The Japanese version of the CAIT has been shown to be a valid and reliable questionnaire for determining the presence of CAI. We expect that researchers and clinicians will use the Japanese version of the CAIT in Japan.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI), which not only increases recurrence rate of ankle sprain but also decreases athletic performance, is a residual symptom after ankle sprain.

• Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool, which has the reliability and validity to assess CAI, will be critically useful in assessment procedure for CAI.

• It is preferable for clinicians and researchers to use the native language version of the CAIT.

     

强化髋内收肌等长肌力训练对功能性踝关节不稳的效果北大核心CSCD

目的探讨强化髋内收肌等长肌力训练对功能性踝关节不稳者平衡能力影响。方法 2019年11月至2020年1月,从深圳某高校中招募功能性踝关节不稳的大学生18例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(n=9)和试验组(n=9)。两组均进行踝关节稳定训练,试验组增加髋内收肌等长肌力训练。每次1 h,每周3次,共4周。训练前后分别进行坎伯兰踝关节不稳评定问卷(CAIT)、 Y平衡测试(YBT)、Balance-check平衡设备和Back-check髋内收肌最大等长肌力测试。结果训练后,两组CAIT评分、YBT各方向距离、Balance-check的得分较训练前提高(t>2.540, P<0.05);试验组Back-check髋内收肌肌力较训练前显著提高(t=8.485, P<0.001)。试验组CAIT评分、YBT (后内侧、外侧)距离、Balance-check得分、Back-check髋内收肌肌力的训练前后差值均大于对照组(t>2.168, P<0.05),平均旋转角速度、最大旋转角速度和平衡等级差值均小于对照组(t>2.804, P<0.05)。结论加强髋内收肌等长肌力训练更有利于功能性踝关节不稳者平衡能力恢复。     

Short-term effects of dry needling at a spinal and peripheral site on functional outcome measures,strength, and proprioception among individuals with a lateral ankle sprain

BackgroundThe purpose of the study was to compare the effects of spinal and peripheral dry needling with peripheral dry needling alone, in addition to a strength and proprioception home exercise program, on pain, balance, strength, proprioception, and functional limitations among individuals with a history of a lateral ankle sprain.MethodsThe study design is a single-blinded, repeated measures randomized clinical trial. Thirty-four participants, aged 18–50, with a history of a lateral ankle sprain within the last twelve months were randomly assigned into a peripheral dry needling (PDN) group or a spinal and peripheral dry needling (SPDN) group. Outcome measures included a pain assessment, strength testing, Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration and Balance, physical performance on hop tests, Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool and the Foot and Ankle Disability Index assessed at baseline, one week, and at four to six weeks.ResultsThe mixed model ANOVAs showed significant side by time interaction (p < 0.05) for inverter/dorsiflexion strength and significant improvements in side, time, and side by time (p < 0.05) for the CAIT.ConclusionTrigger point dry needling demonstrated short-term improvements in strength of the inverters/dorsiflexors and the CAIT scores on the involved side at one week and at four to six weeks irrespective of a PDN or SPDN approach.DiscussionThese results suggest that improvements in strength and function can be achieved with PDN without additional needling at the corresponding spinal level.     

Loss of proprioception or motor control is not related to functional ankle instability: an observational study

QUESTIONS: Is loss of proprioception or loss of motor control related to functional ankle instability? Are proprioception and motor control related? Is there any difference in proprioception or motor control between ankles with different severity of functional ankle instability? DESIGN: Cross-sectional, observational study. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty people aged between 18 and 40 years with functional ankle instability associated with a history of ankle sprain more than one month prior. Twenty age-matched controls with no functional ankle instability or history of ankle sprain. OUTCOME MEASURES: Functional ankle instability was classified using the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool, proprioception at the ankle was measured as movement detection at three velocities, and motor control was measured using the Landing Test and the Hopping Test. RESULTS: There was little if any relation between proprioception (r = 0.14 to 0.03, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.25) or motor control (r = 0.08 to 0.07, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.20) and functional ankle instability. There was also little if any relation between proprioception and motor control except for a low correlation between movement detection at 0.1 deg/s and the Landing Test (r = 0.35, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.58). Furthermore, there was no difference between the ankles with or without functional ankle instability in proprioception or motor control. CONCLUSION: By greater than one month after ankle sprain, loss of proprioception does not make a major contribution to functional ankle instability.     

The relationship between balance performance,lumbar extension strength,trunk extension endurance,and pain in participants with chronic low back pain,and those without

BackgroundChronic low back pain is associated with lumbar extensor deconditioning. This may contribute to decreased neuromuscular control and balance. However, balance is also influenced by the hip musculature. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine balance in both asymptomatic participants and those with chronic low back pain, and to examine the relationships among balance, lumbar extension strength, trunk extension endurance, and pain.MethodsForty three asymptomatic participants and 21 participants with non-specific chronic low back pain underwent balance testing using the Star Excursion Balance Test, lumbar extension strength, trunk extension endurance, and pain using a visual analogue scale.FindingsSignificant correlations were found between lumbar extension strength and Star Excursion Balance Test scores in the chronic low back pain group (r = 0.439–0.615) and in the asymptomatic group (r = 0.309–0.411). Correlations in the chronic low back pain group were consistently found in posterior directions. Lumbar extension strength explained ~19.3% to ~37.8% of the variance in Star Excursion Balance Test scores for the chronic low back pain group and ~9.5% to ~16.9% for the asymptomatic group.InterpretationThese results suggest that the lumbar extensors may be an important factor in determining the motor control dysfunctions, such as limited balance, that arise in chronic low back pain. As such, specific strengthening of this musculature may be an approach to aid in reversing these dysfunctions.     

Stance foot alignment and hand positioning alter star excursion balance test scores in those with chronic ankle instability: What are we really assessing?

Objective: The literature has consistently shown that the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) is a reliable and valid tool to anticipate the risk of lower extremity injury, assess dynamic postural control differences among groups, and assess the effectiveness of balance training programs in both healthy individuals and people with lower extremity injuries. However, there is no standard administration technique for the SEBT in research, clinical practice, or performance settings. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to compare six different combinations (3 different foot alignments × 2 hand positions) on the SEBT performance in those with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Design: Repeated Measures Design. Setting: University Research Laboratory. Participants: Twenty-five university students with CAI (12 males, 13 females; age: 20.3 ± 2.4 years, height: 172.7 ± 7.4 cm, weight: 77.5 ± 15.3 kg., BMI: 25.9 ± 4.0 kg/m²) voluntarily participated in the study. Methods: Six different SEBT positions were used to assess dynamic postural control. Three foot positions: 1) Foot centered; 2) Toe fixed; and 3) Toe-heel changing and two hand placements: 1) Hands free and 2) Hands on the hips were used in this study. After 6familiarization trials for each condition, three Star Excursion Balance Test scores were recorded. Main outcome measures: Normalized reach distance (% of leg length) in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions as well as a composite reach score quantified dynamic postural control. Results: Both foot alignment and hand position significantly altered normalized SEBT reach distance in the anterior (p < 0.003), posteromedial (p < 0.001), posterolateral (p < 0.001), and composite reach scores (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Different foot alignments and hand constraints significantly altered normalized reach distances and the composite score in individuals with CAI. These results do not suggest that any combination of foot alignments and/or hand constraints is superior. However, changing the toe/heel position, while maintaining hands on the hips, may provide the best standardization for clinicians and researchers.     

Does verbal encouragement change dynamic balance? The effect of verbal encouragement on Star Excursion Balance Test performance in chronic ankle Instability

BackgroundThe Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) is commonly used for testing dynamic balance in chronic ankle instability (CAI) in both clinical and research settings. However, the effect of verbal encouragement (VE) on the SEBT performance is not known.ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of VE on maximum reach distance performance between CAI and healthy participants on the SEBT.MethodThirty-four college-aged adults, 17 with CAI and 17 healthy controls, performed the SEBT in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral reach directions. Independent variables (VE versus No-VE) and group (CAI versus healthy) were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine whether VE and group affected reach performance.ResultsThere was a significant group-by-condition interaction (p = 0.02) for the anterior as well as for the posteromedial reach (p = 0.04). There was no statistically significant interaction (p = 0.48) for the posterolateral reach. There were moderate to large effect sizes in the reach distances found in the No-VE condition between the CAI and healthy controls, but with VE, the range of effect sizes from No-VE to VE were diminished.ConclusionThere was a significant group by condition interaction for anterior and posteromedial reaches which shows that providing VE resulted in a greater increase in performance for participants with CAI compared to healthy controls. Psychological constraints need to be considered while performing and interpreting the results of the SEBT.     

The effects of Mobilization with Movement on dorsiflexion range of motion,dynamic balance,and self-reported function in individuals with chronic ankle instability

Previous studies have examined the effectiveness of a manual therapy intervention known as Mobilization with Movement (MWM) to increase dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). While a single talocrural MWM treatment has increased dorsiflexion ROM in these individuals, examining the effects of multiple treatments on dorsiflexion ROM, dynamic balance, and self-reported function would enhance the clinical application of this intervention. This study sought to determine if three treatment sessions of talocrural MWM would improve dorsiflexion ROM, Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) reach distances, and self-reported function using the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) in individuals with CAI. Eleven participants with CAI (5 Males, 6 Females, age: 21.5 ± 2.2 years, weight: 83.9 ± 15.6 kg, height: 177.7 ± 10.9 cm, Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool: 17.5 ± 4.2) volunteered in this repeated-measures study. Subjects received three MWM treatments over one week. Weight-bearing dorsiflexion ROM (cm), normalized SEBT reach distances (%), and self-reported function (%) were assessed one week before the intervention (baseline), prior to the first MWM treatment (pre-intervention), and 24–48 h following the final treatment (post-intervention). No significant changes were identified in dorsiflexion ROM, SEBT reach distances, or the FAAM-Activities of Daily Living scale (p > 0.05). Significant changes were identified on the FAAM-Sport (p = 0.01). FAAM-Sport scores were significantly greater post-intervention (86.82 ± 9.18%) compared to baseline (77.27 ± 11.09%; p = 0.01) and pre-intervention (79.82 ± 13.45%; p = 0.04). These results indicate the MWM intervention did not improve dorsiflexion ROM, dynamic balance, or patient-centered measures of activities of daily living. However, MWM did improve patient-centered measures of sport-related activities in individuals with CAI.     

Cross-cultural adaptation,reliability, and validation of the Korean version of the identification functional ankle instability (IdFAI)

Abstract

Purpose: To cross-culturally adapt the Identification Functional Ankle Instability for use with Korean-speaking participants.

Methods: The English version of the IdFAI was cross-culturally adapted into Korean based on the guidelines. The psychometric properties in the Korean version of the IdFAI were measured for test-retest reliability, internal consistency, criterion-related validity, discriminative validity, and measurement error 181 native Korean-speakers.

Results: Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC_2,1) between the English and Korean versions of the IdFAI for test–retest reliability was 0.98 (standard error of measurement?=?1.41). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.89 for the Korean versions of IdFAI. The Korean versions of the IdFAI had a strong correlation with the SF-36 (r_s?=??0.69, p?<?.001) and the Korean version of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (r_s?=??0.65, p?<?.001). The cutoff score of >10 was the optimal cutoff score to distinguish between the group memberships. The minimally detectable change of the Korean versions of the IdFAI score was 3.91.

Conclusion: The Korean versions of the IdFAI have shown to be an excellent, reliable, and valid instrument. The Korean versions of the IdFAI can be utilized to assess the presence of Chronic Ankle Instability by researchers and clinicians working among Korean-speaking populations.

• Implications for rehabilitation

• The high recurrence rate of sprains may result into Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI).

• The Identification of Functional Ankle Instability Tool (IdFAI) has been validated and recommended to identify patients with Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI).

• The Korean version of the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability Tool (IdFAI) may be also recommend to researchers and clinicians for assessing the presence of Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI) in Korean-speaking population.

     

Effect of Dry Needling on Spinal Reflex Excitability and Postural Control in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare postural control and neurophysiologic components of balance after dry needling of the fibularis longus between individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) and a healthy control group.MethodsThis quasi-experimental university-laboratory study included 50 adult volunteers—25 with CAI (16 female, 9 male; age: 26 ± 9.42 years; height: 173.12 ± 9.85 cm; weight: 79.27 ± 18 kg) and 25 healthy controls (15 female, 10 male; age: 25.8 ± 5.45 years; height: 169.47 ± 9.43 cm; weight: 68.47 ± 13 kg). Participants completed the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), single-leg balance, and assessment of spinal reflex excitability before and after a single treatment of dry needling to the fibularis longus. The anterior, posterolateral, and posteromedial directions of the SEBT were randomized, and reach distances were normalized to a percentage of leg length. A composite SEBT score was calculated by averaging the normalized scores. Postural control was assessed in single-limb stance on a force plate through time-to-boundary measurements in eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. Fibularis longus and soleus spinal reflexes were obtained by providing electrical stimulation to the common fibular and tibial nerves with participants lying prone. A Group × Time analysis examined changes in performance, and effect sizes were calculated to assess significance.ResultsSignificant group × time interactions were identified for composite (P = .006) and posteromedial (P = .017) SEBT scores. Significant time effects for all directions of the SEBT, time to boundary with eyes open, and the mediolateral direction with eyes closed indicate improved postural control following treatment (P < .008). Within-group effect sizes for significant time effects ranged from small to large, indicating potential clinical utility.ConclusionDry needling demonstrated immediate short-term improvement in measures of static and postural control in individuals with CAI as well as healthy controls.