脊髓半切损伤模型的制备

目的：建立一种简便易行、稳定可靠的脊髓半切伤动物模型。方法：取大鼠C5-7颈髓阶段，T8—ll胸髓阶段直径1/2脊髓半切。术后不同时间观察脊髓组织学变化，并纪录脊髓神经功能综合评分(CBS)。结果：光镜下半切脊髓远端侧索和灰质神经变性坏死，术后24h、1周实验组CBS评分与假手术组有显著意义(P＜0．05)，且脊髓腹角运动神经元与假手术组比较明显变化，行为表现为大鼠运动和感觉功能障碍。结论：颈髓5—7半切模型死亡率低，安全可靠。     

Late Outcome of Spinal Cord Stimulation for Unreconstructable and Limb-threatening Lower Limb Ischemia

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the initial benefits of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) treatment for critical limb ischemia (CLI) persist over years. DESIGN: Analysis of data prospectively collected for every CLI patient receiving permanent SCS. Follow-up range 12 to 98 months (mean 46+/-23, median 50 months). POPULATION: 87 patients (28% stage III, 72%stage IV) with unreconstructable CLI due (83%) or not (17%) to atherosclerosis and with an initial sitting/supine transcutaneous pO2 gradient >15 mmHg. METHODS: Assessment of actuarial patient survival (PS), limb salvage (LS) and amputation-free patient survival (AFPS). Analysis of the impact of 15 risk factors on long-term outcomes using the Fischer's exact test for categorical variables and the t test for continuous variables. RESULTS: Follow-up was complete for patient and limb survival. A single non-atherosclerotic patient died during follow-up. Among atherosclerotic patients PS decreased from 88% at 1y, to 76% at 3y, 64% at 5y and 57% at 7y. LS reached 84% at 1y, 78% at 2y, 75% at 3y and remained stable thereafter. Diabetes was found to affect LS (p<0.05) and heart disease to reduce PS (p<0.01). AFPS was reduced in heart patients (p<0.01), diabetics (p<0.05) and in patients with previous stroke (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In CLI patients the beneficial effects of SCS persist far beyond the first year of treatment and major amputation becomes infrequent after the second year.     

男性性功能障碍与脊髓损伤及其他神经系统疾病

男性性功能是人与环境之间错综复杂的相互作用过程。性刺激的认识整合和生理反应必须依赖于神经系统的功能。因此 ,中枢或外周神经功能紊乱也许会损伤男性性功能。本文对男性性活动的正常的神经解剖学、流行病学、病理生理学 ,及由于脊髓损伤、脑血管疾病、多发性硬化和帕金森病等引起的性功能障碍进行了综述     

TMS—MEP监测脊髓缺血性损伤的实验研究

为观察经颅磁刺激的不同刺激量和脊髓缺血性损伤对运动诱发电位的影响，采用兔脊髓可逆性缺血损伤模型进行磁刺激运动诱发电位（ＴＭＳ－ＭＥＰ）监测。发现在４０％～８０％的刺激量时，ＭＥＰ相对稳定。脊髓缺血损伤后ＭＥＰ潜伏期延长或消失，恢复血供后ＭＥＰ先于后肢运动功能恢复，至４～６小时完全恢复正常，当脊髓缺血后２４小时出现继发性损伤时，ＭＥＰ再次出现异常，ＭＥＰ的表现和后肢运动功能变化及病理改变相一致。证实ＴＭＳ－ＭＥＰ可敏感而准确的反映脊髓缺血后改变，可用于监测脊髓的缺血性损伤。     

Spinal Cord Stimulation. New Regulation of National Health Insurance

Since January 1, 2008, the Belgian national health insurance (INAMI/RIZIV) edited a new agreement for the prolongation of the pilot-study on spinal cord stimulation for chronic critical unreconstructable lower limb ischemia. After a short introduction and a summary of the results of the initial Belgian pilot study (2000–2005) on spinal cord stimulation, the official new text is now published in both languages.     

脊髓损伤大鼠脊髓组织的病理形态学观察

目的：研究脊髓损伤（SCI）用高压氧（HBO）处理后脊髓的病理学变化。方法：用SD大鼠复制SCI模型，0．1MPa和0．25MPaHBO处理后，取损伤脊髓作HE染色。结果：正常对照组脊髓结构完整，细胞形态正常，分布均匀，胞膜，胞核正常，组织间隙正常，单纯损伤组示组织出血，疏松水肿，细胞空泡变性，神经纤维溶解，消失；处理后，0．25MPaHBO组及0．25MPaHBO＋激素（L，M）组脊髓恢复最明显，组织水肿，细胞空泡变性减轻，细胞形态恢复，结构排列完整，结论：HBO治疗可明显阻止或减轻脊髓损伤的病理变化，有利于脊髓功能的恢复。     

手术减压时间对兔颈脊髓急性损伤并压迫模型的疗效影响

目的制造颈脊髓损伤动物模型,观察颈脊髓损伤后减压时间对脊髓损伤后神经功能恢复的影响。方法选择新西兰大白兔65只,随机分对照组与实验组,实验组进一步分为6个亚组(A、B、C、D、E、F组)。C3椎体前路钻孔开窗,用改良Allen’s法40.0gcm力撞击脊髓,然后从骨窗处置入小螺钉造成脊髓压迫。并在术后18h、24h、2d、3d、5d、7d减压(去除小螺钉)。在术后28d内对改良Tarlov评分,体感诱发电位,细胞凋亡及病理等监测指标进行观察。结果运动学评分和体感诱发电位显示A、B组的神经恢复情况优于其他组,C、D组优于E、F组。而E、F、G组之间无明显差别。组织学显示脊髓受压时间越长,脊髓结构损害越严重。结论本实验显示脊髓损伤后确实存在一个减压的时间窗,该窗口为损伤后3d内,而术后18h内减压可以获得最佳的神经功能恢复。     

脊髓前动脉损伤后脊髓病理演变的实验研究

目的观察脊髓前动脉损伤后脊髓组织形态学演变过程,研究病理机制.方法以家犬为实验模型,损伤脊髓前动脉后进行肉眼、光镜和电镜动态观察,定量测定坏死神经元.结果脊髓前动脉损伤2h运动神经元变性,轴索病变,6h神经元坏死,24h脊髓水肿达到高峰,7d髓内出血最明显.在脊髓前动脉损伤节段,24h 30%～40%的运动神经元坏死,3d达80%,7d以后95%以上.病变均位于脊髓2/3.脊髓前动脉损伤节段变性坏死最严重,相邻节段其次,尾侧脊髓坏死量逐渐减少.结论脊髓前动脉损伤后脊髓缺血性病变是渐进和不可逆的,可引起广泛节段脊髓病变.     

复位内固定治疗脊柱骨折脱位合并脊髓损伤

本文报告1989年3月至1990年1月外院转入我院53例脊柱骨折脱位合并脊髓损伤患者,其中50例曾行手术治疗。结果,复位:向后成角平均20.5°,37例有成角,占70％;椎体移位平均0.5cm,47例有移位,移位率88％。固定:53例中仍存有内固定者18例,有11例内固定失败,占61％。减压:27例做核磁检查,有椎管狭窄脊髓受压者19例占70.4％。我院1981～1989年对32例新鲜脊柱骨折脱位进行复位内固定术。结果,复位:完全复位24例(75％),大部复位6例(19％),部分复位2例(6％)。内固定:无改变29例,3例失败,占9％。通过对比分析,提出充分复位、减压及有效内固定的重要性。     

脊柱外伤的MRI表现

本文报告了50例急、慢性脊柱外伤病人MRI的检查结果,描述了15例急性期脊髓损伤后水肿和出血的MRI信号改变和35例慢性期脊髓损伤后脊髓囊变、纤维化和脊髓萎缩的MR信号改变。探讨不同MR信号与预后的关系。     

Reduction of Spinal Cord Injury with Pentobarbital and Hypothermia in a Rabbit Model

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the effects of hypothermia and pentobarbital on spinal cord ischaemia induced in a rabbit model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: thirty-two rabbits, allocated into four equal groups, had the infrarenal aorta clamped distal to the left renal artery and above the iliac bifurcation for 40 min. Groups 3 and 4 had infusion of 15 mg/kg of pentobarbital intravenously for 5 min, 15 min before the cross-clamping. Groups 2 and 4 had infusion of 20 ml of Ringer's lactate (LR) solution at 3 degrees C for 3 min during aortic cross clamp into the isolated aortic segment. Group 1 was untreated and served as control. Postoperative functions of spinal cord were assessed. RESULTS: paraplegia occurred in all rabbits in Group 1, in one in each of Groups 2 and 3, whereas no paraplegia was observed in Group 4. In addition 2 and 3 animals of Groups 2 and 3, respectively revealed varying degree of neurological disturbances, whereas all animals of Group 4 had normal function. This difference between Groups 2, 3, and 4 vs Group 1 was significant (p<0.002). So was the difference between Groups 2 and 4 (p=0.03), whereas the difference between Groups 3 and 4 was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: hypothermia and pentobarbital was more effective than hypothermia alone for prevention of spinal cord ischaemia in a rabbit model.     

Early Protective Effects of Iloprost after Experimental Spinal Cord Ischemia in Rabbits

The potential role of Iloprost, a stable analogue of prostocyclin, in treating spinal cord ischemia was investigated in rabbits subjected to aortic occlusion for 15 minutes. Ten adult rabbits weighing 2-2.5 kg received an intravenous infusion of saline (SF) as a control group and 14 rabbits received an intravenous infusion of Iloprost, 25 microg/kg/h. Iloprost infusion was started immediately after clamping of the aorta and continued 60 minutes thereafter. Cortical somatosensorial evoked potentials (CSEP) were recorded during the pre-ischemic period as a baseline and post-ischemic readings were taken at 15, 30 and 60 minutes. There was no statistically significant difference between CSEP of the saline and Iloprost treated groups (p < 0.05). All animals were examined neurologically by using a modification of Tarlov scale and all subjects were then deeply anesthetized and their spinal cords were removed for light and electron microscopic examinations at 24 h after spinal cord ischemia. In order to obtain an accurate comparison of ultrastructural changes between saline treated and Iloprost treated groups, a grading scale was performed. The light microscopic and ultrastructural analysis of the Iloprost treated group revealed that there was moderate protection of the myelin and axons and edema was attenuated. Findings of this study suggest that Iloprost exerts a protective effect on spinal cord ischemia. However, further studies are needed to reveal possible mechanisms of protection provided by Iloprost.     

胚胎脊髓细胞悬液植入急性成年大鼠损伤脊髓

目的：建立胚胎脊髓细胞悬液移植于脊髓损伤模型，以评价其治疗脊髓损伤的可能性。方法：４２只Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠以改良Ａｌｅｎ法（５０ｇｃｍ）打击脊髓，３天后将孕１４天（Ｅ１４）ＦＳＣＳ２０μｌ植入损伤空腔，移植后２、４、６、８、１０、１２周，以光、电镜、免疫组织化学观察移植物存活、分化及其与宿主之间关系。结果：移植细胞逐渐长大。充满不规则空腔，宿主ＮＦ、５－ＨＴ、ＣＧＲＰ纤维分别出现于移植物，ＧＦＡＰ纤维于宿主移植物交界处适量存在。移植成神经细胞、成少突胶质细胞、成星形细胞的细胞器日渐完善，细胞功能活跃。复杂及多样突触与细胞连接，将上述细胞与神经纤维、胶质纤维、毛细血管网在三维空间内连接成一体，并与宿主紧密嵌合。结论：（１）成年大鼠脊髓损伤３天后植入ＦＳＣＳ可以存活。（２）移植物进入宿主后，出现再分布，继而器官样分化。（３）长、短传导束进入移植物，显示了移植物的桥作用。（４）成少突胶质细胞的神经营救作用。（５）移植区内出现多种突触，提示移植物中继作用的可能性。     

脊髓损伤细胞内Ca^2＋变化及其与脊髓神经功能损害的关系

目的：观察脊髓损伤（ＳＣＩ）后细胞内Ｃａ２＋（［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）的动态变化，探讨其与脊髓神经功能损害的关系。方法：Ａｌｅｎ＇ｓ法致伤大鼠脊髓，于伤后１、４、８、２４、７２和１６８小时，采用原子吸收光谱分析和Ｌａ３＋阻断技术测定伤段脊髓［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ含量，参照Ｋｏｎｒａｄ的方法记录脊髓运动诱发电位（ＭＥＰ），应用斜板试验评价大鼠的运动功能。结果：ＳＣＩ后伤段脊髓［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ显著升高（Ｐ值＜０．０５或０．０１），与脊髓ＭＥＰ的变化和大鼠运动功能的损害呈显著相关关系。结论：ＳＣＩ后，伤段脊髓［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ超载可能在ＳＣＩ的病理发展机制中有重要意义。     

应用中医传感针观察伤段脊髓氧分压的变化

目的：探讨应用中医传感针观察脊髓损伤（SCI）后伤段脊髓氧分压的变化及其与病理变化、神经功能损害的关系。方法：改变Allen法致伤大鼠脊髓，于伤前和伤后1／2、1、3、6、24、72、168h，用中医传感针技术测量脊髓氧分压，应用光、电镜观察脊髓病理变化，应用斜板试验评价大鼠运动功能。结果：SCI后伤段脊髓氧分压明显下降（P＜0．01），与病理变化及神经功能损害的发生发展一致。结论：中医传感针可应用于测量SCI后脊髓氧分压；脊髓氧分压是脊髓损伤研究中的重要观察指标。