颅内动脉瘤夹闭术中荧光造影“假阴性”原因探讨

目的探讨吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影在颅内动脉瘤夹闭术中＂假阴性＂的原因及处理措施。方法回顾分析2008年11月-2011年10月7例颅内动脉瘤夹闭术中吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影＂阴性＂患者手术治疗经过,分析术中吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影在显示动脉瘤夹闭完全性方面的局限性及应对原则。结果 7例患者均于术中吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影显示＂阴性＂,但在剪开或刺破动脉瘤瘤体后出现少量渗血,经迅速清理瘤颈渗血并调整动脉瘤瘤夹位置,渗血消失。结论吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影是术中监测动脉瘤是否夹闭完全的重要方法,但具有一定局限性,瘤颈较宽、瘤颈血栓形成或血管壁粥样硬化,以及蛛网膜分离不完全等情况均可能导致＂假阴性＂结果。因此,对于术中夹闭动脉瘤后吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影＂阴性＂的患者,仍需配合其他监测方法,进一步确认动脉瘤夹闭情况。     

吲哚菁绿荧光强度分析在颅内动脉瘤术中的应用

目的 探讨吲哚菁绿血管造影及荧光强度分析在颅内动脉瘤夹闭术中的作用.方法回顾性分析吲哚菁绿血管造影及荧光强度分析在47例颅内动脉瘤患者夹闭术中的作用.术中行吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影,观察动脉瘤、载瘤动脉及分支血管的血流情况,并通过荧光强度分析软件进行分析.结果47例中有4例通过吲哚菁绿血管造影检测到动脉瘤夹闭不全,术中荧光强度分析为3例动脉瘤的夹闭提供了重要信息.结论 吲哚菁绿血管造影能在术中对术野血流情况进行实时的分析,而通过荧光强度分析可进一步提高吲哚菁绿血管造影对血流分析的准确性.     

吲哚菁绿术中荧光血管造影在颅内动脉瘤手术中的应用

目的 探讨吲哚菁绿术中荧光血管造影在颅内动脉瘤于术中的应用,减少术后并发症,提高手术的安全性.方法 回顾性总结18例25个颅内动脉瘤.术中动脉瘤夹闭前后均行吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影检查,根据造影结果,必要时调整动脉瘤夹.术后复查CT判断有无缺血梗死,复查DSA或CTA判断动脉瘤夹闭情况.结果 术中荧光血管造影发现动脉瘤残颈1例,载瘤动脉狭窄2例,远端分支狭窄1例,穿通支闭寨1例,均根据造影结果及时调整动脉瘤夹.术后复查CT无缺血性梗死出现,1例术后因动脉瘤夹闭不全出血,二次手术清除血肿,并调整动脉瘤火.16例复查DSA或CTA见动脉瘤夹闭完全,架桥血管通畅.结论 吲哚菁绿术中荧光血管造影对于判断载瘤动脉是否狭窄、动脉瘤是否有残颈、动脉瘤远端血管和穿支血管是否狭窄或闭寒、架桥血管是否通畅有重要的参考价值,可有效的减少术后并发症,提高手术的安全性,足一种方便快捷、安全有效的术中血管造影技术.     

吲哚菁绿血管造影在动脉瘤术中对穿通支血管保护的应用

目的 探讨吲哚菁绿血管造影在颅内动脉瘤手术中对穿通支血管的保护作用.方法 回顾性总结26例颅内动脉瘤术中暴露动脉瘤及夹闭动脉瘤后进行吲哚菁绿血管造影,观察动脉瘤、载瘤动脉及周围穿通支血管在夹闭前后的分布及显影情况,据此调整动脉瘤夹及评价手术满意与否.结果 术中共进行吲哚菁绿血管造影48次,3例各造影3次,夹闭后造影发现有穿通支被阻断,术中及时变换动脉瘤夹位置.术后全部复查头颅CT,没有出现穿通支血管损伤导致的缺血性脑梗死或功能障碍.结论 对穿通支血管的走行、分布、供应范围的深入理解及术中有效保护的同时,辅以吲哚菁绿血管造影,能够直观、即时、快速的判断穿通支血管是否通畅,有效保护穿通支血管,提高手术质量,改善患者预后.     

动脉瘤夹闭术中辅助应用吲哚菁绿荧光造影的临床研究

目的 探讨动脉瘤夹闭术中辅助应用吲哚菁绿荧光造影(ICG)对手术的影响.方法 回顾分析动脉瘤夹闭术中辅助应用吲哚菁绿荧光造影及无造影辅助的共40例脑动脉瘤病例,比较两组患者术后脑缺血的发生率、预后情况以及术中造影对手术策略的影响.结果 20例术中辅助应用吲哚菁绿荧光造影的患者术后GOS分级显著高于非造影组,术后脑缺血...     

微血管多普勒超声和荧光造影在锁孔手术夹闭前交通动脉动脉瘤中的应用

目的 探讨微血管多普勒超声（MD）和吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影（ICGA）在锁孔手术夹闭前交通动脉动脉瘤中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2016年6月至2019年6月采用锁孔手术夹闭的42例前交通动脉动脉瘤的临床资料,术中采用微血管多普勒超声（MD）及吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影（ICGA）监测。结果 夹闭后,MD发现载瘤动脉血流异常7例,瘤颈夹闭不全5例;ICGA发现6例载瘤动脉及8例分支血管（A2段）狭窄,4例回返动脉不显影,经及时调整动脉瘤夹后无载瘤动脉狭窄,瘤颈夹闭完全,回返动脉显影良好。2例瘤囊未显影,切开后仍有血流,切除血栓并调整动脉瘤夹后未再出血。结论 锁孔手术夹闭前交通动脉动脉瘤中,使用MD和ICGA监测,可提高手术疗效,减少误夹重要穿支血管等严重并发症。     

后交通动脉瘤的显微手术治疗

目的 总结显微手术治疗后交通动脉瘤的经验.方法 回顾性分析108例后交通动脉瘤病人的临床资料,采用翼点入路显微手术治疗,行瘤颈夹闭术107例,动脉瘤包裹术1例.瘤颈夹闭后术中常规切开瘤体并行吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影.结果 动脉瘤颈完全夹闭107例,动脉瘤包裹1例.术中动脉瘤破裂18例.术前脑积水11例,术后改善6例,无明显改善5例.术后GOS评分:4～5分93例,2～3分11例,1分(死亡)4例.84例获随访6～12个月,无动脉瘤残留及复发.结论 显微手术是治疗后交通动脉瘤的理想方法,术中常规切开瘤体并行吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影可有效判断夹闭效果.     

吲哚菁绿术中荧光造影辅助下脊髓血管畸形的手术治疗

目的 总结吲哚菁绿术中荧光造影辅助下脊髓血管畸形的手术疗效.方法 自2009年8月至2011年5月,共收治脊髓血管畸形24例,在吲哚菁绿术中荧光造影辅助下行手术切除畸形血管团或夹闭畸形血管瘘口,对其疗效进行随访.结果 除1例外,术中荧光造影确认瘘口完全夹闭或髓内畸形血管团完全切除.脊髓正常血供和静脉回流得以满意保留.21例获得随访,术后3例失访.其中痊愈6例,改善10例,稳定2例,加重3例.结论 吲哚菁绿术中荧光造影可以有效地提高脊髓血管畸形的手术疗效.     

吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影在前循环动脉瘤手术中的应用

目的探讨吲哚菁绿（ICG）脑血管造影在颅内前循环动脉瘤手术中的作用。方法回顾性研究2007年1月至2008年4月开颅手术治疗的前循环动脉瘤患者42例,荧光显微镜下观察术野中血管,指导手术操作。术后行3DCTA或DSA检查,评估术中ICG荧光造影对开颅手术治疗颅内动脉瘤的作用。结果术中确认动脉瘤颈残留2例,载瘤动脉分支血管闭塞1例,穿通血管误夹2例,重新调整动脉瘤夹位置后,再次荧光血管造影,证实动脉瘤颈夹闭满意,术后DSA（或MRA、CTA）均证实术中ICG造影结果。结论ICG血管造影是一种术中监测颅内动脉瘤颈是否残留、载瘤动脉是否狭窄及穿通支血管是否闭塞的重要检查手段。     

多重术中监护在前交通动脉瘤手术中的应用

目的 探讨经颅多普勒超声、吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影及神经电生理学等多重术中监测技术在前交通动脉动脉瘤显微外科手术中的应用价值.方法 回顾分析23例单发性前交通动脉动脉瘤夹闭术患者的临床资料、手术方式及术中监测过程,改良Rankin量表评分评价术后神经功能缺损程度.结果 23例患者动脉瘤均夹闭成功.其中,6例术中阻断A1段时运动诱发电位出现异常变化.恢复血流待缺血程度改善后继续手术;2例动脉瘤夹闭过程中经颅多普勒超声及吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影分别探及A2段及前交通动脉血流不畅,1例探及动脉瘤瘤颈残留,经调整动脉瘤夹位置后血流恢复或动脉瘤彻底夹闭,1例术后发生短暂性一侧肢体瘫痪,出院时遗留轻度神经功能障碍.改良Rankin量表评分为1分;其余患者术后均未发生脑出血或脑缺血性改变,出院时改良Rankin量表评分为0分.结论 术中多重监测技术可为前交通动脉动脉瘤夹闭术提供A1段临时阻断是否耐受缺血、动脉瘤是否残留,以及载瘤动脉和穿通支是否损伤,继而造成的脑缺血事件等重要信息.从而提高手术安全性.     

Iatrogenic false aneurysm caused by surgery of a traumatic intracranial false aneurysm

A superficial temporal artery (STA) false aneurysm caused by surgery of a traumatic intracranial false aneurysm is reported. A 28-year-old man underwent craniotomy for aneurysm clipping 20 days after traumatic head injury. At surgery the aneurysm was a false aneurysm due to its avulsion from the parent artery without a real neck. A "clip wrapping" technique was used to repair the deficit on the parent artery. On postoperative Day 25, repeat digital subtraction angiogram (DSA) revealed a new right STA aneurysm, which was not apparent in the preoperative DSA. We feel that this aneurysm might have probably resulted from the iatrogenic injury to the STA during the initial surgery as the location of aneurysm was at the initial craniotomy site. The pathophysiology, etiology, surgical treatment and preventive measures of false aneurysms have been discussed.     

吲哚菁绿造影在巨大动脉瘤手术中的应用

目的 探讨吲哚菁绿造影(ICGA)在颅内巨大动脉瘤(GIA)手术中的作用.方法 首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经外科自2007年3月至2009年10月行瘤体夹闭和(或)切除术治疗GIA患者57例(61个动脉瘤),术中瘤体夹闭前、后分别进行ICGA并做比较,术后行DSA或CTA检查观察有无瘤体残留,载瘤动脉是否畅通,并与术中瘤体夹闭后ICGA结果对比分析.结果 57例患者共行ICGA 128次,夹闭切除动脉瘤61个,ICGA可实时显示术野内血流循环,清晰显示动脉瘤、载瘤动脉和穿支血管.通过对比夹闭前、后的ICGA影像,4例患者追加或调整瘤夹后,ICGA显示无瘤体残留,无载瘤动脉和穿支血管闭塞,术后DSA与夹闭后ICGA显示一致.结论 ICGA做为术中血管成像技术的一种,对术中确认GIA与周围血管的关系、监测瘤颈是否残留和载瘤动脉及穿支动脉是否畅通具有重要意义.     

How reliable and accurate is indocyanine green video angiography in the evaluation of aneurysm obliteration?

Introduction

Indocyanine green video angiography (ICG-VA) has been recently introduced into neurovascular surgery and gained a role in assessing vessel patency and obliteration of intracranial aneurysms (IA) after clipping. Although its correlation with intra-postoperative angiography was demonstrated in previous studies, difficulties in evaluating aneurysm obliteration have not been reported. We report reliability and accuracy of ICG-VA in 109 clipped aneurysms with attention given to five cases in which ICG-VA evaluation resulted in false indication that aneurysms were secure in terms of complete obliteration.

Materials and methods

A retrospective chart review was performed of IAs surgically treated by a single surgeon from January 2009. In all cases, aneurysm obliteration was confirmed by a combination of microdoppler ultrasonography (MUSG), ICG-VA, and post-operative angiography.

Results

ICG-VA appropriately assessed vessel patency and aneurysm obliteration in 93.5% of aneurysms clipped. In four cases (3.6%), puncturing the dome of the aneurysm after satisfactory clipping revealed persistent flow within the aneurysm despite ICG-VA showing no flow after clipping. In one case (0.9%), ICG-VA showed persistent flow within the aneurysm and MUSG did not, and puncture of the dome confirmed no flow within the aneurysm. In one case (0.9%), ICG-VA failed to demonstrate residual neck.

Conclusion

ICG-VA is a simple and safe procedure and an important adjunct to microsurgical clipping of aneurysm. Although ICG-VA assesses vessel patency and obliteration of aneurysms in most cases, applying the principles of microsurgery in aneurysm clipping remains a main tool for obtaining the complete obliteration of aneurysm along with preservation of the normal vasculature.     

Microsurgical clipping of previously coiled intracranial aneurysms

Objective

Endovascular coiling techniques for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms have rapidly developed as an alternative option to surgical clipping. A distinct problem after endovascular coiling is the management of a residual aneurysm neck due to incomplete filling, compaction of coils or regrowth of the aneurysm. Treatment options in this situation include surgical clipping, re-coiling, stent implantation or observation.

Methods

From June 2006 to August 2011, 15 patients underwent surgical clipping of residual or recurrent aneurysms after previous endovascular treatment. The mean age of the patients was 50.6 years (range, 27–85 years). The mean interval between coiling and clipping was 76.5 weeks (range, 0–288 weeks).

Results

Thirteen patients revealed a regrowth of coiled aneurysms, and in 5 patients compaction of coils was present. Coil extrusion was observed in 9 patients intraoperatively. In case of coil obstruction at the aneurysmal neck during surgery, coils were partially or completely removed. In all cases complete occlusion of the aneurysms was surgically achieved.

Conclusion

Coiled aneuryms with incomplete occlusion, coil compaction or regrowth of the aneurysmal neck can be successfully treated with microsurgical clipping. Coil extrusion was more often observed intraoperatively than expected. Complete occlusion of the aneurysm can be performed safely, even if loops of coils protrude into the aneurysmal neck. In these cases intraoperative removal of the coils enables secure closure of the aneurysm with a surgical clip.     

颅内动脉瘤夹闭术中动脉瘤破裂的危险因素分析

目的 探讨颅内动脉瘤病人夹闭术中动脉瘤破裂的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2009年7月至2018年7月夹闭术治疗的296例颅内动脉瘤的临床资料。采用多因素logistic回归分析检验术中动脉瘤破裂的影响因素。结果 296例中,夹闭术中发生动脉瘤破裂59例,未破裂237例。多因素logistic 回归分析,年龄≥60岁、Hunt-Hess分级Ⅲ~Ⅴ级、发病至手术时间>3 d、手术器械不佳及手术操作不细致、动脉瘤瘤体血管弹性差及瘤体粘连是术中动脉瘤破裂的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 高龄、Hunt-Hess分级高、发病至手术时间长、分离动脉瘤颈操作不细致、动脉瘤瘤体粘连为颅内动脉瘤病人夹闭术中动脉瘤破裂的主要危险因素     

硬性内镜辅助下的颅内动脉瘤显微手术

目的 探讨硬性内镜在颅内动脉瘤手术中的应用,分析其优缺点.方法 回顾性分析63例患者66个动脉瘤的显微手术,其中63个破裂动脉瘤,3个未破裂动脉瘤.多数患者在内镜辅助下完成动脉瘤夹闭术,包括动脉瘤夹闭前后对载瘤动脉、瘤颈及瘤周穿通支的观察,以确定最佳夹闭位置和程度.结果 内镜能更好地观察瘤周局部解剖结构,保证首次最佳夹闭,5例第一次夹闭后,经内镜发现夹闭不佳而重新调整动脉瘤夹,其中1例颈内后交通动脉瘤夹闭不全;1例颈内动脉眼动脉瘤夹闭不全;1例颈内后交通动脉瘤夹闭动脉瘤同时夹闭后交通动脉;2例前交通动脉瘤夹闭穿通支.在使用内镜过程中造成1例轻度颞叶脑挫伤,在所有过程中未造成动脉瘤破裂出血.结论 在颅内动脉瘤夹闭过程中辅助使用内镜,能更好地观察动脉瘤及其周围的局部解剖结构,提高动脉瘤夹闭手术的质量.     

Treatment related morbidity of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: results of a prospective single centre series with an interdisciplinary approach over a 6 year period (1999-2005)

Objectives

To review the angiographic and clinical outcome of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm(s) (UIA) with regard to complications and successful obliteration by surgical clipping or endovascular coiling.

Methods

Data were derived from a prospective database of intracranial aneurysms from June 1999 to May 2005. All patients were followed‐up for 6 months using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Favourable outcome was classified as mRS 0–2. From a total of 691 patients included in the database, 173 harboured 206 UIA of whom 118 patients (133 UIA) were treated.

Results

Primary treatment assignment was surgical repair in 91 UIA and endovascular treatment in 42. In 3 UIA (7.1%), endovascular treatment was not feasible and had to be abandoned. Definite treatment was surgery in 94 UIA (81 patients) and endovascular obliteration in 39 UIA (37 patients). There were no deaths related to any treatment. Immediately after treatment, 6.4% of the surgical and 7.7% of the endovascular patients showed new neurological deficits, mainly related to cerebral ischaemia. After 6 months, 3 (2.3%) patients had a treatment related unfavourable outcome, defined as mRS >2, 2 patients after surgical and 1 patient after endovascular aneurysm repair (not statistically different, p = 0.3; Fisher''s exact test). This led to an overall satisfactory outcome in 97.9% of surgically and 97.4% of endovasculary treated UIA. After surgical clipping, complete occlusion of the aneurysm was achieved in 88 (93.6%) and near complete (small residual neck) in 4 (4.3%) of 94 UIA. Two small posterior communicating artery aneurysms with a fetal type posterior communicating artery were wrapped. After endovascular treatment, obliteration was complete in 26 (66.7%). Small residual neck was seen in 13 (33.3%), but none of the UIA showed residual aneurysm filling. Five patients in the endovascular group (13.9%) underwent repeated endovascular treatment after aneurysm recanalisation.

Conclusions

If patients are carefully selected and individually assigned to their optimum treatment modality, UIA can be obliterated by surgery or endovascular treatment in the majority of patients, with a low percentage of unfavourable outcomes. In this series, the outcome was not dependent on treatment. However, the rate of recanalisation of UIA is higher after endovascular obliteration. After diagnosis of an UIA, an individual interdisciplinary decision is essential for each patient to provide the optimum management.An increasing number of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) are diagnosed by modern non‐invasive imaging procedures, mostly performed because of unspecific symptoms not related to the aneurysm. Thus the majority of patients with UIA present without neurological deficits and therefore prophylactic treatment of UIA remains a challenge for neurosurgeons and endovascular neuroradiologists. The results of the International Study of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm (ISUIA),^1,2 analysing the natural history of UIA and treatment related morbidity and mortality, were inconclusive, causing a dilemma for both treating physicians and patients about whether treatment of UIA can be recommended and, if it is, which method of aneurysm obliteration (clipping or coiling) should be performed. Reviewing the literature in smaller series, the results of obliteration and outcome of patients seems to be biased by the treating physician, which means that surgery is promoted by neurosurgeons and endovascular treatment by endovascular neuroradiologists.^{3,4,5,6,7,8,9} Thus the optimal treatment modality remains controversial.However, data derived from ISUIA² indicate that in patients less than 50 years old with small and medium sized aneurysms, similar proportions of adverse outcomes after clipping and coiling are observed, while clipping gives a higher percentage of definite and complete aneurysm obliteration. To recommend a certain treatment for a given patient, it is a prerequisite to know the individual data from a cerebrovascular centre, not only with regard to the number of complete obliterations but also in terms of the number and severity of periprocedural complications.The aim of this study was to analyse the results of UIA treatment of patients in a single cerebrovascular centre in a given period where both methods were used in an interdisciplinary context.