光学相干断层扫描在高度近视黄斑裂孔硅油填充术后的疗效评估

目的: 光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)评价高度近视黄斑裂孔硅油填充术后疗效评估。方法: 回顾性分析20例20眼高度近视黄斑裂孔伴视网膜脱离行玻璃体切除术后硅油填充的病例,术后平均随访7mo,随访时给予OCT检查,评估黄斑裂孔闭合及视网膜复位,记录最佳矫正视力情况。结果: 术后OCT表现有3种:黄斑裂孔闭合2眼(10%),黄斑裂孔未闭合但视网膜复位16眼(80%),黄斑裂孔未闭合伴视网膜浅脱离2眼(10%)。术后最佳矫正视力较术前有所提高,视力的提高与黄斑孔的解剖学复位情况密切相关。术后无严重并发症发生。结论: OCT用于高度近视黄斑裂孔硅油填充术后随访可以明确诊断黄斑裂孔闭合及视网膜复位情况,为硅油取出时机提供参考。     

高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离硅油填充和激光治疗随访

目的：探讨高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离玻璃体手术硅油填充联合激光治疗的解剖复位及功能恢复,方法：高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离患者23例25只眼,行玻璃体手术硅油填充联合激光治疗随访。硅油取出时间平均7个月。术后均作1年以上随访（平均18个月）。结果：硅油取出后视网膜复位23只眼（92％）,术后视力在0．1以上16只眼（66％）。结论：玻璃体手术硅油填充联合激光治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网脱离,有利于脱离的视网膜解剖复位及功能恢复。     

巩膜外黄斑外垫压术治疗硅油填充术后复发性超高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离

目的　探讨巩膜外黄斑外垫压术治疗硅油填充术后复发性超高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离（macular hole retinal detachment，MHRD） 的可行性及疗效。方法　回顾性分析 2016年6月至2018年1月玻璃体切割硅油填充术后的复发性超高度近视MHRD患者10例（10眼），所有患者均由同一术者行巩膜外黄斑外垫压术，将MEDPOR种植体+人造血管+环扎条带制成的“三明治加压块”固定垫压于黄斑区，术后行眼眶CT检查明确加压块位置。术后6~12个月取出硅油。术后随访18个月，观察并记录术后并发症、视网膜脱离复位、黄斑裂孔闭合情况、术后视力、眼轴长度等指标。结果　眼眶CT显示10眼加压块均位于黄斑区；末次随访 SD-OCT示10眼视网膜完全复位，7眼黄斑裂孔完全闭合，3眼黄斑裂孔部分闭合；9眼术后最佳矫正视力（best corrected visual acuity，BCVA）较术前提高，1眼提高不明显；术前患者 BCVA为（1.55±0.26）LogMAR，术后3个月BCVA为（0.99±0.05）LogMAR，与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）；术前患者眼轴长度为（31.27±1.18）mm，术后3个月为（28.81±0.87）mm，与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。所有患眼均未发生眼底出血、眼内炎、涡静脉回流障碍、眼前部缺血综合征等并发症。结论　巩膜外黄斑外垫压术是治疗硅油填充术后复发性超高度近视MHRD安全有效的手术方法，能提高视网膜解剖复位率、黄斑裂孔闭合率和视力。     

剥离内界膜的玻璃体切除术治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离

目的评价剥离内界膜的玻璃体切除术治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离的临床疗效。方法选择16例(16眼)高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离患者,行常规经平坦部玻璃体切除、气-液交换、裂孔区注射透明质酸钠、吲哚菁绿染色、液-气交换、内界膜剥离、再次气-液交换、14?F8填充玻璃体腔,术后保持头低位,随访1~6个月。结果16眼中,13眼黄斑裂孔愈合,视网膜复位,3眼裂孔未闭,其中1眼复发视网膜脱离;术后视力提高14眼,不变1眼,下降1眼。结论剥离内界膜的玻璃体切除术能有效治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离,并能促进黄斑裂孔的愈合。     

频域光学相干断层扫描评估高度近视黄斑裂孔眼硅油取出术后裂孔复发的风险

背景 伴有严重脉络膜萎缩的高度近视黄斑裂孔因预后的不确定性和高复发率一直是眼科临床的关注热点,频域光学相干断层扫描(SD-OCT)技术可以对黄斑裂孔进行测量和评估,但由于高度近视黄斑裂孔患者多伴有视网膜脱离,术前很难进行OCT检查.SD-OCT检查对高度近视眼视网膜复位术后黄斑裂孔复发风险的评估价值值得探讨. 目的 探讨SD-OCT对高度近视黄斑裂孔硅油填充眼硅油取出后裂孔复发风险的评估. 方法 采用描述性病例观察研究设计.收集2009年10月至2011年1月在同济大学附属第十人民医院眼科确诊的高度近视黄斑裂孔合并视网膜脱离的患者25例25眼,均为玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥离及硅油填充手术后6个月,所有患者均未进行晶状体联合手术,利用SD-OCT技术检查表现为视网膜色素上皮(RPE)裸露型愈合的黄斑裂孔.纳入的患者中男4例,女21例;平均年龄(61.4±9.0)岁;平均屈光度为(-14.14±6.86)D.均于硅油取出前1d进行SD-OCT检查,检测指标为黄斑区视网膜厚度、黄斑裂孔指数(MHI)和裂孔中心点下脉络膜厚度.其他检查项目包括裂隙灯显微镜检查、眼底照相、眼轴长度测定等,记录黄斑裂孔的愈合状态.硅油取出后随访6个月. 结果 25例患者均完成6个月的随访.术眼眼轴长度平均为(29.9±1.5) mm,25眼中有19眼黄斑裂孔愈合(裂孔愈合组),6眼黄斑裂孔复发(裂孔未愈合组),复发时间为术后1～5个月,平均(3.3±1.4)个月.裂孔愈合组术眼黄斑中心凹＜1 mm区视网膜厚度、MHI和裂孔中心凹下脉络膜厚度分别为(216.5±95.6) μm、0.30±0.09、(122.9±20.5)μm,裂孔未愈合组分别为(113.5±28.7) μm、0.58±0.27、(96.8±22.9)μm,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(t=2.577、-4.143、2.669,P＜0.05).以MHI=0.5作为界限,MHI＜0.5的黄斑裂孔愈合率为85.7％,MHI≥0.5的愈合率为25.0％,差异有统计学意义(P=0.031).裂孔愈合组黄斑裂孔基底直径为(533.3±277.7) μm,裂孔未愈合组为(1070.2±393.6) μm,裂孔未愈合组黄斑裂孔基底直径明显大于裂孔愈合组,差异有统计学意义(t=-3.700,P=0.001). 结论 高度近视黄斑裂孔硅油填充眼硅油取出术前应用SD-OCT进行黄斑区视网膜厚度、MHI和脉络膜厚度检查可预测硅油取出术后黄斑裂孔复发的风险.MHI＞0.5时裂孔复发风险提高.     

高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离的再次手术

目的 评价高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离再次手术的治疗效果。方法 对需再次手术的黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离17例17眼，其中11例是第1次经玻璃体切割联合膨胀气体填充后黄斑裂孔未闭合，6例是黄斑裂孔闭合后晚期复发的患者行玻璃体切割，彻底黄斑前膜剥离，2例行视网膜内界膜剥离，全部病例联合硅油内填充，11例术后补充氩激光光凝。结果 17例17眼黄斑裂孔闭合，视网膜全部复位，最终视力较术前提高。随访3—24个月，视网膜复位良好，无1眼复发。结论 黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离再次手术中彻底剥离黄斑前膜，剥离视网膜内界膜，硅油填充和激光光凝可有效封闭黄斑裂孔。     

光学相干断层扫描对黄斑"白孔"性视网膜脱离的疗效评价

目的使用光学相干断层扫描(opticalcoherencetomography,OCT)观察用不同眼内填充物(C3F8气体或硅油)治疗伴随视网膜脱离的高度近视性黄斑“白孔”的预后。方法对由于高度近视性黄斑“白孔”而发生视网膜脱离,并接受玻璃体切除联合眼内填充物注入术的29眼(C3F8填充的10眼、硅油填充的19眼)进行随访,使用OCT评价黄斑孔的愈合情况。结果经OCT检查证实,19眼经玻璃体切除联合硅油填充术治疗后黄斑裂孔成功闭合,其中8眼是在以C3F8填充后未愈,而再次行玻璃体切除手术并改用硅油填充治疗获成功。10只患眼以玻璃体切除联合C3F8填充手术后视网膜复位,但8只患眼黄斑孔未闭合。结论使用OCT检查可以帮助评价手术疗效。适当采用玻璃体切除联合眼内硅油填充手术有助于提高黄斑裂孔的闭合成功率。     

高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离玻璃体手术56例

目的：评价高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离玻璃体手术治疗效果。方法：高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离患56例,行玻璃体切除。PVRC110眼,C214眼,C332眼,伴周边部裂孔7眼,白孔11眼。手术中彻底清除玻璃体后皮质,或人工玻璃体后脱离剥膜,气液交换使视网膜复位,眼内填充200mL／L C3F845眼,白孔眼内硅油填充。并发周边部裂孔病例后行巩膜外环扎裂孔冷凝。术后给予抗炎降眼压处理。气泡变小裂孔愈合不佳,裂孔周围氪黄激光封闭或再次补充气体。注气俯卧位14d以上。所有患随访3～12mo。结果：黄斑裂孔闭合、视网膜复位53例,周边裂孔闭合7例。术后视力提高46眼(82．1％),黄斑裂孔术后视力无变化10眼。结论：玻璃体切除联合眼内填充C3F8或硅油治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离是安全有效的。     

ILMP及玻璃体腔注药联合硅油填充治疗高度近视MHRD合并脉络膜脱离

目的:观察内界膜剥除(internal limiting membrane peeling,ILMP)和玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德联合硅油填充治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离合并脉络膜脱离的临床疗效.方法:高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离合并脉络膜脱离患者28例28眼,均行玻璃体切割(pars plana vitrectomy,PPV)吲哚菁绿辅助的ILMP以及硅油填充手术,术中将曲安奈德注射于玻璃体腔,术后随访6~24mo,观察术后视网膜复位率、视力恢复情况和术后并发症.结果:术后随访6~24mo,患者手术后平均LogMAR矫正视力为1.01± 0.31,与手术前平均LogMAR矫正视力比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-39.28,P<0.01).黄斑裂孔闭合19眼(68%),黄斑裂孔未闭合9眼(32%),26眼视网膜复位(93%),6眼出现高眼压.结论:玻璃体切割联合ILMP及硅油填充和玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离合并脉络膜脱离,可阻止增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的再生,提高视网膜复位率.     

光学相干断层扫描评价高度近视黄斑裂孔伴视网膜脱离的玻璃体手术疗效

目的 光学相干断层扫描(Optical Coherence Tomography，OCT)评价高度近视黄斑裂孔伴视网膜脱离行玻璃体手术的疗效。方法 回顾性分析17例(17眼)高度近视黄斑裂孔伴视网膜脱离行玻璃体切除术的住院病史资料，术后平均随访10月，所有病例均行以下检查：OCT、裂隙灯生物显微镜、三面镜、90D前置镜、验光。结果 术后OCT表现有3种：黄斑裂孔闭合2眼(11．8％)，黄斑裂孔未闭合但视网膜复位12眼(70．6％)，黄斑裂孔未闭合伴视网膜浅脱离3眼(17．6％)。预后情况与黄斑区色素上皮和脉络膜的健康状况以及黄斑裂孔的大小有关。结论 高度近视黄斑裂孔伴视网膜脱离行玻璃体手术的裂孔闭合率低。OCT是术后随访的有效手段。     

Results of high-density silicone oil as a tamponade agent in macular hole retinal detachment in patients with high myopia

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the use of high-density silicone oil (HDSO) as a tamponade agent for retinal detachment secondary to myopic macular hole. METHODS: 12 eyes of 12 patients with macular hole retinal detachment underwent pars plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling and HDSO tamponade. No posturing was required postoperatively and HDSO was removed 3-4 months later. Outcome measures included macular hole closure and retinal attachment rates, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and intraoperative and postoperative complications. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 67.8 years and the mean spherical equivalent refractive error was -13.4 diopters. After the removal of HDSO, 10 (83%) eyes had macular hole closure with retinal reattachment without any tamponade. One eye had retinal reattachment after re-operation and the other refused further surgery. At the last follow-up, the median BCVA improved from 20/800 to 20/600 (p = 0.046). A transient increase in intraocular pressure was observed in 5 (42%) eyes and one eye each developed mild oil emulsification and transient peripheral choroidal detachment. None of the eyes was found to have severe intraocular inflammation postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: HDSO seemed to be an effective tamponade agent for myopic macular hole retinal detachment. Further prospective controlled studies seem warranted.     

前后段联合手术及硅油填充治疗高度近视黄斑孔视网膜脱离的疗效观察

目的 观察前后段联合手术及硅油充填治疗高度近视黄斑孔视网膜脱离临床疗效.方法 回顾分析前后段联合手术及硅油充填治疗高度近视黄斑孔视网膜脱离患者48例48只眼的临床资料.患者均有高度近视史,视网膜脱离以后极部为主.裂隙灯前置镜和(或)光相干断层扫描(OCT)检查均发现黄斑裂孔.均行白内障超声乳化或抽吸联合玻璃体切割硅油充填,41例行内界膜(ILM)剥离,23例植入人工晶状体(10L).硅油取出的时间距第一次手术时间为3.5～48.0个月.取硅油前均行OCT检查.取硅油后随访观察均1年以上.结果 除5例外,其他患者手术后1周,前置镜检查均不能看到黄斑孔边缘;视力均有不同程度的提高.48例患者全部已取硅油.取硅油前OCT检查,黄斑孔愈合呈U型8例,V型为6例,W型为23例;未闭合11例.未闭合的11例经取硅油与膨胀气体充填后全部复位,其中,U型2例,W型9例.32例W型愈合者中2例患者在取油后13、38个月后出现视网膜脱离复发.最终黄斑裂孔U型和V型愈合者16例,占33.3%;W型愈合者32例,占66.7%.视网膜复位率为100.0%.结论前后段联合手术及硅油充填是治疗高度近视黄斑孔视网膜脱离的有效方法 ;OCT检查是确定黄斑孔是否封闭的客观标准.     

前后段联合手术及硅油填充治疗高度近视黄斑孔视网膜脱离的疗效观察

目的 观察前后段联合手术及硅油充填治疗高度近视黄斑孔视网膜脱离临床疗效.方法 回顾分析前后段联合手术及硅油充填治疗高度近视黄斑孔视网膜脱离患者48例48只眼的临床资料.患者均有高度近视史,视网膜脱离以后极部为主.裂隙灯前置镜和(或)光相干断层扫描(OCT)检查均发现黄斑裂孔.均行白内障超声乳化或抽吸联合玻璃体切割硅油充填,41例行内界膜(ILM)剥离,23例植入人工晶状体(10L).硅油取出的时间距第一次手术时间为3.5～48.0个月.取硅油前均行OCT检查.取硅油后随访观察均1年以上.结果 除5例外,其他患者手术后1周,前置镜检查均不能看到黄斑孔边缘;视力均有不同程度的提高.48例患者全部已取硅油.取硅油前OCT检查,黄斑孔愈合呈U型8例,V型为6例,W型为23例;未闭合11例.未闭合的11例经取硅油与膨胀气体充填后全部复位,其中,U型2例,W型9例.32例W型愈合者中2例患者在取油后13、38个月后出现视网膜脱离复发.最终黄斑裂孔U型和V型愈合者16例,占33.3%;W型愈合者32例,占66.7%.视网膜复位率为100.0%.结论前后段联合手术及硅油充填是治疗高度近视黄斑孔视网膜脱离的有效方法 ;OCT检查是确定黄斑孔是否封闭的客观标准.     

Episcleral macular buckling for posterior retinal detachment in silicone oil filled eyes associated with myopic macular hole

AIM:To evaluate anatomical and visual outcomes of episcleral macular buckling (EMB) for posterior retinal detachment in silicone oil filled eyes associated with myopic macular hole.METHODS: Five cases of EMB for initial failure of retinal reattachment after internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and silicone oil tamponade caused by myopic macular hole were retrospectively reviewed. A silicone sponge sutured directly across the macular region was performed on the silicone oil filled eyes. Silicone oil was removed no sooner than 1 month post-EMB. The duration of follow-up time after removal of silicone oil was more than 3 months.RESULTS: Retinas of five eyes were all reattached at the last follow-up. The postoperative vision ranged from counting fingers to 0.08.CONCLUSION: Anatomical results improved after EBM for posterior retinal detachment in silicone oil filled eyes associated with myopic macular hole, which was not evident for visual outcome.     

Amniotic membrane for covering high myopic macular hole associated with retinal detachment following failed primary surgery

AIM: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of amniotic membrane (AM) for covering high myopic macular hole associated with retinal detachment following failed primary surgery. METHODS: Seventeen eyes of 17 patients whose axial length was more than 29 mm suffered from macular hole (MH) or MH associated with retinal detachment (RD), and had previously surgery of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and silicone oil (SO) tamponade. Half a year after the surgery, optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed that MH did not heal in all 17 eyes and RD was still maintained in 13 eyes of these 17 eyes. We performed SO removal combined with AM covering on macular area and C3F8 tamponade, and phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation simultaneously cataract eyes. We followed up these patients for one year. RESULTS: In all 17 eyes, SO was removed successfully, MHs were healed and RDs were reattached. One eye (5.89%, 1/17) had AM shifted half a month after surgery and underwent a second surgery to adjust the position of the AM and supplement C3F8. After surgery, the visual acuity (VA) improved in 15 eyes (88.24%, 15/17), no change in two eyes (11.76%, 2/17). No serious complications occurred in all eyes. CONCLUSION: AM covering is helpful to rescue the previous failure surgery of high myopic MH.     

后巩膜加固术治疗硅油填充术后复发性超高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离

目的　探讨后巩膜加固术治疗硅油填充术后复发性超高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离（ｍａｃｕｌａｒｈｏｌｅｒｅｔｉｎａｌｄｅｔａｃｈｍｅｎｔ,ＭＨＲＤ）的可行性及疗效。方法　选取２０１１年６月至２０１４年６月硅油填充术后的复发性超高度近视性ＭＨＲＤ患者３６例（３６眼）,所有患者均由同一术者行黄斑区改良后巩膜加固术,术后３个月取出硅油。术后随访１２个月,观察记录术后并发症、视网膜脱离复位情况、黄斑裂孔闭合情况、术后视力、眼轴长度等指标。结果　３６眼视网膜完全复位,视网膜复位率为１００％;末次随访ＳＤ-ＯＣＴ示２２眼黄斑裂孔完全闭合,占６１．１％,１１眼黄斑部分闭合,占３０．６％,３眼仍未闭合,占８．３％;３１眼术后最佳矫正视力（ｂｅｓｔｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｖｉｓｕａｌａｃｕｉｔｙ,ＢＣＶＡ）较术前提高,占８６．１％,５眼ＢＣＶＡ较术前无明显改变,占１３．９％;术前患者ＢＣＶＡ为（１．４８±０．９２）ｌｏｇＭＡＲ,术后ＢＣＶＡ为（０．９３±０．３８）ｌｏｇＭＡＲ,差异有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）;术前患者眼轴长度为（３０．９５±１．１６）ｍｍ,术后为（２８．４６±１．３４）ｍｍ,差异有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．００１）。所有患眼均未发生眼底出血、眼内炎、涡静脉回流障碍、眼前部缺血综合征等并发症。结论　改良后巩膜加固术是治疗硅油填充术后复发性超高度近视ＭＨＲＤ安全有效的手术方法,能提高视网膜解剖复位率、黄斑裂孔闭合率、视力及减少并发症。     

Long-term follow-up of retinal detachment due to macular hole in myopic eyes treated by temporary silicone oil tamponade and laser photocoagulation.

PURPOSE: To determine the long-term anatomic and functional results of temporary silicone oil tamponade coupled with laser photocoagulation of the macular hole rim for retinal detachment due to macular hole in eyes with myopia higher than -10.0 diopters (D). DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: Eleven patients (9 female, 2 male; average age, 57+/-3 years) with spontaneous retinal detachment due to macular hole. All patients had a myopia higher than -10.0 D and had no proliferative vitreoretinopathy and no history of trauma. The average myopia amounted to -17.7+/-1.1 D, and in eight cases, a large posterior staphyloma was present. Follow-up was 69+/-17 months. INTERVENTION: Patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy, temporary silicone oil tamponade, and laser photocoagulation of the macular hole rim. Silicone oil removal was performed after 2.8+/-0.8 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Anatomic attachment of the retina was determined and visual acuity was measured. RESULTS: Final successful retinal attachment at the end of follow-up was achieved in ten eyes (91 %). Average logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity increased from 1.39+/-0.12 before surgery to 1.18+/-0.13 after surgery (P < 0.05, Student's t test for paired data). This corresponds to a mean increase of measured Snellen equivalents from 0.06+/-0.03 to 1.11+/-0.04. Intraocular pressures remained stable with 13.9+/-1.8 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) before surgery and 16.6+/-1.6 mmHg at the end of follow-up (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Primary vitrectomy with temporary silicone oil tamponade and laser photocoagulation of the macular hole rim for retinal detachment due to macular hole in highly myopic eyes appears to provide a good long-term anatomic success and acceptable functional results.     

Retinal Layers Measurements following Silicone Oil Tamponade for Retinal Detachment Surgery

This study aimed to investigate the influence of silicone oil on the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment who underwent vitreoretinal surgery. The study included 47 patients (eyes), who underwent a pars plana vitrectomy with the silicone oil tamponade. The control group included unoperated eye of all participants. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was used for the measurements of peripapilar and macular RNFL thickness. The average peripapillary RNFL thickness was significantly higher in the silicone oil filled eyes during endotamponade and after its removal. The eyes with elevated IOP had less thickening of the RNFL in comparison to the eyes with normal IOP. Central macular thickness and macular volume were decreased in the silicone oil filled eyes in comparison to the control eyes. In conclusion, silicone oil caused peripapilar RNFL thickening in the vitrectomized eyes during endotamponade and after silicone oil removal.