紫外分光光度法测定氟奋乃静癸酸酯乳剂的含量

氟奋乃静癸酸酯是治疗急慢性各类精神分裂症的良药。其制成乳剂后没有适当定量分析方法。本文就其乳剂紫外定量方法进行了研究。分别绘制了氟奋乃静癸酸酯,吐温—80,Span,及无水乙醇的紫外吸收光谱;选定测定氟奋乃静嗪癸酸酯合适波长为λ312nm;按卫生部药典委员会有关规定测定氟奋乃静癸酸酯 E 1% 1cm 312nm=67.9;求出回归方程斜率K=68.1;确定了氟奋乃静吸收度 A 与浓度 C 之间关系的回归方程 A=68.1C—0.001,计算出相关系数 r=1;最后扣除了制剂中除了氟奋乃静癸酸酯以外的干扰吸收,从而确定了紫外分光光度法,测定氟奋乃静癸酸酯乳剂百分含量的计算公式 C%=7.34(A—0.007);最后考察了测定的影响因素。本文经过足够的实验数据,统计上的分析及实测举例,从理论到实践充分证明氟奋乃静癸酸酯乳剂用紫外分光光度法测定含量,结果是准确可靠的。     

我院抗精神病药物用药情况分析

目的：对我院１９９８年各种抗精神病药物的使用频度及药品消耗金额进行计算并排序,分析各药物在临床使用情况。方法：以药物的定日剂量（ＤＤＤ）及消耗金额作为药物利用研究评价的测定单位,并进行比较。结果：按ＤＤＤｓ排序前１０位的药物分别是氯氮平,舒必利,氯丙嗪,奋乃静,五氟利多,泰尔登,安度利可,葵氟奋乃静,氟奋乃静,利培酮。另外还进行了消耗金额前１０位的排序,其中吩噻嗪类占３种,长效类占３种。结论;使用     

氟奋乃静庚酸酯与氟奋乃静癸酸酯治疗精神病100例临床报告

氟奋乃静庚酸酯(Fluphenazine enanthate简称氟庚酯)和氟奋乃静癸酸酯(FluphenazineDecanoate简称氟癸酯)同属吩噻嗪类的一种长效抗精神病药物。其制剂是溶于麻油供肌肉注射的针剂,每毫升含25毫克。将氟奋乃静的乙醇侧链酯化,即与酸性酯结合,例如庚酯、癸酯,可使药物从注射部位的组织释放缓慢。在体内维持有效浓度分别     

内科疾病处方用药解析(76)

9急性中毒9.11吩噻嗪类抗精神病药物中毒此类药物包括氯丙嗪、奋乃静、氟奋乃静、三氟拉嗪等。当一次剂量达2～4g时,可有急性中毒反应。由于这类药物有明显的抗胆碱能作用,患者常有心动过速、高热及肠蠕动减慢;对α-肾上腺素能受体的阻滞作用导致血管扩张,     

毛细管气相色谱法测定奋乃静和盐酸氟奋乃静原料药中的甲苯残留量

目的:建立一种同时测定奋乃静和盐酸氟奋乃静原料药中甲苯残留量的方法。方法:采用毛细管气相色谱法。毛细管柱为HP-5,载气为N2,检测器为氢火焰离子化检测器,柱温为50℃,进样口温度为200℃,检测器温度为250℃,分流比为10∶1,溶剂为二甲亚砜,内标物为异辛烷,以内标法计算残留溶剂甲苯的含量。结果:甲苯检测质量浓度在9.266¹11.192μg/ml范围内同甲苯与内标峰面积的比值呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 4);检测限和定量限分别为0.593μg/ml和1.464μg/ml;精密度、稳定性、重复性试验的RSD≤5.79%;奋乃静和盐酸氟奋乃静中的平均加样回收率分别为104.77%(RSD=3.39%,n=9)和108.31%(RSD=1.09%,n=9);两种原料药各3批样品检测甲苯残留量均未超标。结论:该方法结果准确、可靠,可用于奋乃静和盐酸氟奋乃静原料药中甲苯残留量的测定。     

非典型抗精神病药的体内代谢与药物相互作用

典型抗精神病药物,又称第1代抗精神病药,代表药物有氯丙嗪、奋乃静、氟奋乃静、三氟拉嗪、氟哌啶醇、硫利达嗪等,由于它们不良反应多[1],如代谢综合征、高泌乳素血症、QTc延长、锥体外系不良反应大及体重增加等,现已逐渐被非典型抗精神病药物(即第2代抗精神病药物)取代.Leucht S等[2]对第1代抗精神病药和第2代抗精神病药进行了meta分析,认为从整体作用上讲,氯氮平、利培酮、奥氮平、氨磺必利4种药物要优于第1代抗精神病药和其他第2代抗精神病药物.本文在回顾大样本文献的基础上,从药物代谢酶和P-gp两方面对氯氮平、利培酮、奥氮平、氨磺必利的药物相互作用进行综述.     

氟奋乃静癸酸酯

[异名]Modeeate Prolixin deeanoate 【化学名】10一〔3一(4一乙基癸酸酚呱嗓基一].)丙基〕一2一三氟甲基吩咪嗓 【结构式1 O /一\U CHZCHZCHZ一NN一CHZCH20C(CH2)8一CH3、\瓜,/\/cF3\一/、/‘\s入护 【作用特点1氟奋乃静癸酸酷是吩噬嗓类的一种作用很强的长效抗精神病药物。注射后从组织缓慢释出有效成分氟奋乃静,开始发生作用一般在注射后24~72小时,药物的抗精神病作用在48~96小时内最明显,在体内可维持2~4周或更久。 本品抗精神病作用极强,镇静和安眠作用轻微,对植物神经系统和心血管系统影响很小本品毒性不大,对造血系统和肝…     

氟哌噻吨与氟奋乃静治疗精神分裂症的随机对照试验

目的：探索氟哌噻吨治疗精神分裂症的疗效及不良反应。方法：用氟哌噻吨和氟奋乃静随机双盲对照治疗精神分裂症共５２例，每组２６例，治疗期为６ｗｋ。采用ＢＰＲＳ，ＳＡＮＳ，ＣＧＩ和ＴＥＳＳ量表评分。结果：ＢＰＲＳ总分显著下降，Ｐ值均＜０．０１，在焦虑抑郁因子分及产生显效时间方面，氟哌噻吨组优于氟奋乃静组。ＳＡＮＳ总分及因子分方面氟哌噻吨组Ｐ值均＜０．０５，氟奋乃静组无统计学意义。结论：氟哌噻吨疗效优于氟奋乃静，氟奋乃静的锥体外系不良反应较氟哌噻吨为重。     

神经-精神科疾病合理用药专家圆桌会议纪要

1精神病药及其合理应用原则1·1抗精神病药的发展历史回顾回顾自上世纪30年代以来,抗精神病药(AntipsychoticsDrugs)取得重大的发展,其研制和上市的品种层出不穷。表现在50年代的氯丙嗪;60年代的氟哌啶醇、氟奋乃静、硫利达嗪、奋乃静;上世纪70年代~90年代的氯氮平;90年代的利培酮、奥氮平、奎硫平;21世纪初,阿立哌唑抗精神病药带来了全新的治疗模式。抗精神病药按作用靶位、化学结构分为经典(1代)和非经典(2代)药。其中第1代抗精神病药(氯丙嗪、氟奋乃静、氟哌啶醇、氟哌噻吨、奋乃静和甲硫哒嗪等)被称为经典抗精神病药(Classics Antipsy…     

问题解答

[问]氟奋乃静有那几种制剂?其用法如何?[答]氟奋乃静是吩噻嗪类衍生物,属强效抗精神病药,且比其它吩噻嗪类药作用时间长,但锥体外系副作用发生率高而严重。临床主要用于急性和慢性精神分裂症,其中以妄想型效果最为明显。     

Stripping voltammetric determination of indapamide in serum at castor oil-based carbon paste electrodes

The diuretic drug indapamide has been characterized voltammetrically at carbon paste electrodes by means of cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. An adsorptive stripping method at carbon paste electrode modified with castor oil for trace determination of indapamide was described. A study of the variation of the peak current with solution variables such as pH, ionic strength, concentration of indapamide, possible interference, and instrumental variables such as scan rate, pulse amplitude, preconcentration time, accumulation potential, paste composition has resulted in the optimization of the oxidation signal for analytical purposes. By anodic stripping differential pulse voltammetry, the calibration plot was linear in the range 5 x 10(-8) x 10(-7) M with a detection limit of 5 x 10(-9) M at carbon paste electrode modified with castor oil in pH 4.0. The preconcentration medium-exchange approach was utilized for selective determination of indapamide in spiked serum. A detection limit of 15 ng ml(-1) was obtained for dilute serum sample after 3 min accumulation and medium-exchange procedure.     

Gallamine-tetraphenylborate-modified carbon paste electrode for the potentiometric determination of gallamine triethiodide (flaxedil)

The construction and general performance of a novel modified carbon paste electrode for the determination of gallamine triethiodide have been developed. The electrode shows a stable, potentiometric response for gallamine in the concentration range 1 x 10(-3)-2 x 10(-6) M at 25 degrees C independent of pH in the range 5-8. The electrode passes a near-Nernstian cationic slope of 17.0+/-0.7 mV and lower detection limit of 1 x 10(-6) M with a fast response time of 20-45 s. Selectivity coefficients for gallamine relative to a number of interfering substances were investigated. There is a negligible interference from the studied cations, anions, and pharmaceutical excipients. The determination of gallamine in aqueous solution shows an average recovery of 99.5% and a mean relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.4% at 100 microg/ml. The direct determination of gallamine in injection solution gave results that compare favorably with those obtained by the British pharmacopoeia method. Potentiometric titration of gallamine with sodium tetraphenylborate and phosphotungstic acid as a titrant has been monitored with the modified carbon paste electrode as an end-point indicator electrode.     

Determination of mitoxantrone by flow injection analysis using an amperometric detector.

Mitoxantrone was determined by flow injection analysis using a flow cell modified in the laboratory and fitted with carbon paste as an amperometric detector. The sample solution (100 microliters, 5 x 10(-8)-1 x 10(-5) M) was injected into the carrier stream of 0.1 M perchloric acid (pH 1.12). Mitoxantrone was determined by oxidation at the carbon paste electrode (CPE) at +0.90 V. A 60-cm delay coil (0.5 mm i.d.) was incorporated just before the detector (a canal thin layer) and a flow rate of about 4 ml min-1 was used. The system was successfully applied to the determination of mitoxantrone in a pharmaceutical preparation; the method was fast and reproducible.     

Rutin determination in pharmaceutical formulations using a carbon paste electrode modified with poly(vinylpyrrolidone)

A carbon paste electrode modified with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) was developed for the determination of rutin. PVP enhances the adsorption of rutin on the electrode surface due to the presence of hydrogen bonding between the imide group in PVP and the hydroxyl group in rutin. The current responses in cyclic and linear sweep voltammetric experiments were investigated and an oxidation peak was observed at +0.87 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Several parameters were investigated to evaluate the performance of the modified electrode. The best analytical response was obtained employing (75:15:10%, w/w/w) graphite powder:Nujol:PVP, with an accumulation time of 10 min, scan rate of 100 mV s(-1) and 0.1M phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.0) as supporting electrolyte. The analytical curve was linear for rutin concentrations of 3.9 x 10(-7) to 1.3 x 10(-5)M (r=0.9991) and the detection limit was 1.5 x 10(-7)M. The recovery of rutin from pharmaceutical samples ranged from 98.3 to 101.7% and the relative standard deviation was 3.3% for a solution containing 7.7 x 10(-6)M rutin (n=5). This electrode was successfully applied to the determination of rutin in pharmaceutical formulations. The results obtained using the proposed modified carbon paste electrode and those obtained by the standard method are in agreement at the 95% confidence level.     

Electrochemical determination of the antidiabetic drug repaglinide

The electrochemical oxidation of repaglinide has been carried out in Britton-Robinson buffer at carbon paste and glassy carbon electrodes. Repaglinide exhibits a well-defined irreversible oxidation peak over the entire pH range (2-11). Differential pulse voltammetry was used to determine repaglinide in pure form. The peak current varied linearly in the following ranges: 8.0 x 10(-7)-3.2 x 10(-6) M and 4.0 x 10(-7)-4.0 x 10(-6) M in case of carbon paste electrode and glassy carbon electrode, respectively. In case of carbon paste electrode the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 1.348 x 10(-7) M and 4.494 x 10(-7) M, respectively. For glassy carbon electrode the LOD and LOQ were 1.062 x 10(-7) M and 3.54 x 10(-7) M, respectively. The percentage recoveries were found in the following ranges: 99.09-100.07% and 99.0-100.50% for carbon paste electrode and glassy carbon electrode, respectively. The relative standard deviations were found in the following ranges: 0.636-1.395% and 0.431-1.104% in case of carbon paste electrode and glassy carbon electrode, respectively. Differential pulse voltammetry was successfully applied for the determination of repaglinide in tablets and human serum.     

Omeprazole determination using HPLC with coulometric detection

A sensitive high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of omeprazole and three related benzimidazoles is reported. Coulometric detection was carried out at +800 mV using a porous carbon electrode. The linear range is 0.01-10 microg/ml. The method has a high degree of precision; the relative standard deviation of omeprazole at a concentration of 1.06 microg/ml was 0.7% (n=4). The cyclic voltammogram of omeprazole is consistent with the hydrodynamic voltammogram exhibiting a single major irreversible oxidative wave with a peak potential at +1105 mV. The response factors for the four compounds are similar indicating that the oxidative process does not involve the sulfur moiety exclusively. The data are most consistent with oxidation primarily of the benzimidazole groups. The method was applied successfully to the determination of omeprazole in a paste formulation.     

Amperometric biosensor based on monoamine oxidase (MAO) immobilized in sol-gel film for benzydamine determination in pharmaceuticals

The development and application of a flow-through amperometric biosensor for benzydamine determination in anti-inflammatory drugs is described. The biosensor was obtained by physical entrapment of monoamine oxidase in a sol–gel film applied on platinum or carbon paste conducting support. The sol–gel membranes were prepared using an optimum concentration of 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl-trimethoxy silane, double distilled water saturated with polyethylene glycol 6000 and HCl. The developed biosensors were incorporated in a single channel flow injection system to enable the determination of benzydamine in the concentration range of 0.05–2.5 mmol l⁻¹ (with platinum based electrode) or within 0.1–2.5 mmol l⁻¹ (carbon paste based electrode). The operational stability of the bioanalytical system developed was about 3 months permitting approximately 4700 substrate measurements. The flow injection system developed enables a sampling rate of 20–25 samples h⁻¹ and relative S.D. of results less than 4%. The analytical usefulness of the proposed procedure was evaluated through analysis of commercial pharmaceutical products containing benzydamine, available on the Portuguese market. The results obtained did not differ significantly from the values resulting from analysis of the same products by the method described in the BP Pharmacopoeia.     

Determination of pantoprazole by adsorptive stripping voltammetry at carbon paste electrode

A voltammetric method was described for the determination of pantoprazole by differential-pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry at a carbon paste electrode. Accumulation of pantoprazole was found to be optimized in Britton-Robinson buffer (0.04 M, pH 4.0) solution following 5 min accumulation time at open circuit condition. Under optimized conditions, the current showed a linear dependence with concentration in the range 1.0 x 10(-7)-1.0 x 10(-5) M. The detection limit was 2.0 x 10(-8) M. The method was applied successfully for the analysis of pantoprazole in tablet dosage form. The results of accuracy and precision were comparable to those obtained by spectrophotometry.     

谷胱甘肽在咖啡酸修饰碳糊电极上的电催化氧化及电分析方法

目的:研究了谷胱甘肽(还原型,glutathione,GSH)在咖啡酸(Caffeic acid,CFA)修饰碳糊电极(CFA/CPE)上的电催化氧化行为和电化学分析方法。方法:循环伏安法(CV),计时电流法(CA)和线性扫描伏安法(LSV)。结果:GSH在碳糊电极(CPE)上的直接电化学氧化过程十分迟缓,CFA/CPE对GSH电化学氧化具有良好的催化作用。同时测定了GSH在CFA/CPE上的电极过程动力学参数,用LSV法测得催化氧化峰电流与GSH在5.0×10-5～1.0×10-3 mol.L-1浓度范围内呈良好线性关系,线性回归方程为Ipa(μA)=2.003c(10-3 mol.L-1)+3.448,r=0.9989,检出限为4.0×10-5 mol.L-1。结论:CFA/CPE对GSH电化学氧化具有良好的催化作用,该方法可用于市售还原型谷胱甘肽药物含量的电化学定量测定。     

谷胱甘肽在10-甲基吩噻嗪修饰碳糊电极上的电催化氧化及电分析方法

研究了谷胱甘肽(还原型, glutathione, GSH)在10-甲基吩噻嗪(10-methylphenothiazine, MPT)修饰碳糊电极(MPT/CPE)上的电催化氧化行为。GSH在裸碳糊电极(carbon paste electrode， CPE)上的直接电化学氧化过程十分迟缓， 但在MPT/CPE上于0.702 V处出现一个不可逆氧化峰， 氧化电流大幅度增大。计时电流(chronoamperometry， CA)实验测得该电催化氧化反应速率常数k为(5.44±0.03)×10² (mol·L^-1)^-1·s^-1。用线性扫描伏安法(linear sweep voltammetry, LSV)测得催化氧化峰电流与GSH在5.0×10^-6～2.0×10^-3 mol·L^-1呈良好的线性关系， 线性回归方程I_pa=3.536c+2.117， r=0.999 0， 检测限为1.0×10^-6 mol·L^-1。同时用本方法对含GSH的市售药品进行了含量测定， 结果可靠。