消旋棉酚拆分的研究——Ⅳ.苏(-)或( )-1-(对硝基苯基)-1,3-二羟基丙胺-2为拆分剂

本文介绍以光学活性苏-1-(对硝基苯基)-1,3-二羟基丙胺-2为拆分剂,与消旋棉酚缩合,用常压柱色谱或溶剂结晶法分离得到两个光学纯的非对映体,然后分别水解得( )和(-)-棉酚。     

消旋棉酚拆分的研究——Ⅱ.手性α-甲基苯乙胺及α-甲基苄胺为拆分剂

本文报道用中压柱色谱快速分离S或R-α-甲基苯乙胺及S或R-α-甲基苄胺缩(±)-棉酚的方法,可得光学活性胺缩( )或(一)-棉酚非对映体,经水解分别得到( )或(一)-棉酚。并证明胺缩光学活性棉酚非对映体之间有互相转化的性质,此特性可利用于棉酚对映体的转化。     

消旋棉酚拆分的研究——Ⅱ.手性α-甲基苯乙胺及α-甲基苄胺为拆分剂

本文报道用中压柱色谱快速分离S或R-α-甲基苯乙胺及S或R-α-甲基苄胺缩(±)-棉酚的方法,可得光学活性胺缩(+)或(一)-棉酚非对映体,经水解分别得到(+)或(一)-棉酚。并证明胺缩光学活性棉酚非对映体之间有互相转化的性质,此特性可利用于棉酚对映体的转化。     

(-)和(+)棉酚对雄大鼠生育力的影响

棉酚有明显的抗雄性生育作用,但在理论上尚不清楚消旋棉酚的抗生育作用和毒性来自那一种光学异构体。已有报告指出(+)棉酚无毒无效。但对(-)棉酚的研究迄今尚未有报道。本文应用本所合成室制备之(+)和(-)棉酚,观察了他们的抗生育作用。实验用Wistar雄大鼠(190～220g)25只,分为对照,(+)棉酚30mg/kg,(-)棉酚15和30 mg/kg以及消旋棉酚30 mg/kg等5组。每天喂药1次,(+)棉酚和(-)棉酚     

从天然植物制取(一)棉酚

本文首次报道从天然植物——海岛棉籽中分离出(-)棉酚。同时发现了受试的各种棉籽所含棉酚的光学活性的规律。(1)棉籽中棉酚的两个对映体(-)棉酚和(+)棉酚一般是不等量的,故其成分应为(±)棉酚和过量的(-)棉酚或(+)棉酚;(2)同种属棉籽含有相同旋光性的过量对映体,如海岛棉籽均含有过量的(-)棉酚,多数品种所含棉酚的光学纯度为10～25%,陆地棉籽则均含有过量的(+)棉酚,其相应棉酚的光学纯度为10～20%。     

氚标记( )与(-)棉酚在大鼠主要脏器的亚细胞分布及共价结合

给大鼠腹腔及睾内注射氚标记的( )与(-)棉酚后第7、18天,对主要脏器中各亚细胞组分的总放射活性及共价结合的放射活性进行了动态观察。结果表明,(-)棉酚在心肌线粒体共价结合放射活性较明显高于( )棉酚;( )及(-)棉酚在睾丸细胞膜、微粒体共价结合的放射活性随时间增高,且(-)棉酚较为明显。     

消旋棉酚拆分的研究——Ⅲ.胺缩棉酚理化性质的研究

本文报道消旋棉酚与15种不同结构的光学活性胺缩合产物的薄层色谱性质和核磁共振氢谱数据,以及8个光学活性胺与光学活性棉酚缩合物的光学稳定性,并探讨了结构与这些性质的关系。     

消旋棉酚拆分的研究——Ⅲ.胺缩棉酚理化性质的研究

本文报道消旋棉酚与15种不同结构的光学活性胺缩合产物的薄层色谱性质和核磁共振氢谱数据,以及8个光学活性胺与光学活性棉酚缩合物的光学稳定性,并探讨了结构与这些性质的关系。     

(-)棉酚和(+)棉酚对蛋白激酶C及蛋白激酶A活力影响的比较

部分纯化的大鼠肝脏蛋白激酶C和蛋白激酶A,在体外与棉酚的旋光异构体分别温育,结果(--)棉酚和(+)棉酚对蛋白激酶C活力均有剂量依赖性的抑制作用;(-)棉酚对Ⅰ型蛋白激酶A活力的抑制作用明显比(+)棉酚强,而(-)棉酚和(+)棉酚在高浓度时对Ⅱ型蛋白激酶A才显示抑制作用。结果提示棉酚在体内可能干扰细胞信息的传递过程。     

氚标记(+)与(-)棉酚在大鼠主要脏器的亚细胞分布及共价结合

给大鼠腹腔及睾内注射氚标记的(+)与(-)棉酚后第7、18天,对主要脏器中各亚细胞组分的总放射活性及共价结合的放射活性进行了动态观察。结果表明,(-)棉酚在心肌线粒体共价结合放射活性较明显高于(+)棉酚;(+)及(-)棉酚在睾丸细胞膜、微粒体共价结合的放射活性随时间增高,且(-)棉酚较为明显。     

(-)和(+)棉酚对雄大鼠生育力的影响

Racemic, (-) and (+) gossypol, provided by the Department of Organic Chemistry of our institute, was suspended in 2.5% tween 80 solution. Adult male Wistar rats 190～220 g in weight were allotted to 5 groups. Animals in group 1 received 2.5% tween 80 solution as control. Rats in group 2 were treated with racemic gossypol at the dosage of 30 mg/kg for 2 weeks. Animals in group 3 and 4 were given 15 mg/kg of (-) gossypol for 2 weeks and 30 mg/kg of (-) gossypol for 1 week respectively. Rats in group 5 were treated with (+) gossypol at the dosage of 30 mg/kg for 2 weeks.Four weeks from the beginning of gossypol treatment the rats were cohabited with adult females for 7 days. Then the motility of the sperms in the cauda epididymides was estimated The female rats were examined for pregnancy 7 days later.Treatment with (-) gossypol at 30 mg/kg caused significant decreases in body weight of the rats (P<0.05). One of the five rats died 7 days after the last administration, while (+) gossypol and racemic gossypol at the dosage employed had no effect on the body weight. (+) Gossypol at 30 mg/kg for 2 weeks had no effect on the motility of the sperms in the cauda epididymides and no effect on the fertility of the animals: nor was there any effect on the weights of the testis, epididymis, prostate and seminal vesicle. The sperms of the cauda epididymides were found to be dead in the groups treated with 15 and 30 mg/kg of (-)gossypol. Raccmic gossypol given for 2 weeks at 30 mg/kg caused loss of fertility of the male rats which confirmed our previous findings.(?)t may be postulated that (+) gossypol has no antifertility effect nor toxicity at the dosage employed. (-) Gossypol is the active stereoisomer of racemic gossypol.     

3-(S)-(-)-(1-氨甲酰基-1,1-二苯甲基)吡咯烷酒石酸盐的制备

以L-苹果酸(2)为原料,经与苄胺缩合、还原、氢解脱苄、磺酰化、烷基化、脱保护基、水解后成盐制得氢溴酸达非那新关键中间体3-(S)-(-)-(1-氨甲酰基-1,1-二苯甲基)吡咯烷酒石酸盐,总收率约22%(以2计).     

Metabolism of a glucuronide conjugate of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in rats

 Besides 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), [4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)but-1-yl]-β-O-d-glucosiduronic acid (NNAL-Glu) is another important metabolite of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) which has been detected in the urine of tobacco users and non-smokers heavily exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke. In order to evaluate the toxicological significance of NNAL-Glu formation and excretion, the metabolism of [5-³H]-NNAL-Glu was studied in rats. Five male F344 rats were administered 3.7 mg/kg [5-³H]-NNAL-Glu by i.v. injection and the metabolites in urine analysed by HPLC. More than 90% of the radioactivity was excreted in urine within the first 24 h. Unchanged NNAL-Glu accounted for 81.2±3.1% of the total radioactivity; the remaining part of the dose appears to be deconjugated resulting in the urinary excretion of NNAL (3.6±1.7%) and its α-hydroxylation (11.5±2.2%) and N-oxidation (3.6±1.6%) products. The presence of α-hydroxylation products of NNAL-Glu in urine suggests that this NNK metabolite may be activated in vivo to carcinogenic intermediates. Received: 25 April 1994 / Accepted: 29 June 1994     

Multiple sites of action of ( +)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(1-propyl)piperidine (( +)-3PPP) in blood vessels

Functional effects of the σ ligand, (+)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(1-propyl)piperidine ((+)-3PPP), were explored in perfused rat tail and rabbit ear arteries in vitro. In the rat tail artery (+)-3PPP inhibited contractile responses to adrenergic nerve stimulation, an effect which was reversed to potentiation by the dopamine D₂ receptor antagonist sulpiride. In the rabbit ear artery, however, (+)-3PPP potentiated contractile responses to nerve stimulation, an effect which was unchanged by sulpiride. In the rat tail artery, blockade of norepinephrine uptake by cocaine and deoxycorticosterone in the presence of sulpiride revealed two additional actions of (+)-3PPP. First, an inhibitory action on the monoamine uptake site was confirmed by direct measurement of [³H]norepmephrine accumulation. Second, at higher concentrations, an action to inhibit contractile responses to adrenergic nerve stimulation was manifested at a still unidentified site. These studies demonstrate that the observed functional effect of (+)-3PPP results from its combined actions on three individual sites with the net effect dependent on the relative densities of these different receptor sites in each type of vessel.     

1-(2,6-二甲氧基)-2-(3,4-二甲基苯乙氨基)丙烷盐酸盐(DDPH)拮抗α1肾上腺素受体的特性

目的　研究DDPH对α₁-肾上腺素受体(α₁-AR)及其亚型的拮抗作用。方法　放射配体结合实验和离体血管收缩功能实验。结果　DDPH对¹²⁵I-BE2254与大鼠脑皮质和脾脏α₁-AR结合呈竞争性拮抗作用。pK_I值在两者间无显著性差别, Hill系数均接近于1.0。在分别稳定表达α_1A,α_1B或α_1D-AR的克隆HEK293细胞中,其拮抗的pK_I值α_1A和α_1D比α_1B-AR高约2倍,Hill系数均接近于1.0。并拮抗去甲肾上腺素(NE)介导大鼠主动脉,肾动脉和脾脏收缩的pA₂值,在三者间无显著差别,斜率接近1.0。结论　DDPH对α₁-AR有竞争性拮抗作用,但其作用对α₁-AR亚型无选择性。     

咪康唑中间体1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-(1-咪唑基)乙醇合成新工艺

目的合成1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-(1-咪唑基)乙醇.方法以2,4-二氯苯甲醛为原料,在碱性条件下与锍内鎓盐反应得到的1-(2,4-二氯苯基)环氧乙烷与咪唑反应得到抗真茵药物咪康唑中间体1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-(1-咪唑基)乙醇.结果此工艺具有反应条件温和、易控,原料便宜易得等优点,总收率54%,产品纯度≥99.0%.结论该合成工艺可行,具有工业生产价值.     

1-(3-(9H-Carbazol-9-yl)-1-propyl)-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-piperidinol,a novel subtype selective inhibitor of the mouse type II GABA-transporter

The selectivity of new derivatives of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-uptake inhibitor, tiagabine was characterized at the four cloned mouse GABA transporters (mGAT1 through mGAT4) by measuring [³H]-GABA uptake into stably transfected baby hamster kidney cells. While tiagabine is a highly selective inhibitor of mGAT1 (K_i=0.11±0.02 μM), these derivatives exhibited low potencies at mGAT1 but differential activities at mGAT2, mGAT3 and mGAT4. In particular, 1-(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-1-propyl)-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-piperidinol (NNC 05-2090) was a potent inhibitor of mGAT2 (K_i=1.4±0.3 μM) showing at least 10 fold selectivity over mGAT1, mGAT3 and mGAT4. NNC 05-2090 is the first subtype selective inhibitor of mGAT2 and may represent a novel useful tool for investigating the physiological roles of GAT2 in the brain and periphery.     

LC-MS/MS法研究1-[1-(6-甲氧基-2-萘基)乙基]-2-(4-硝基苄基)-6,7-二甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉氢溴酸盐在大鼠体内的代谢产物

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法对大鼠灌胃1-［1-(6-甲氧基-2-萘基)乙基］-2-(4-硝基苄基)-6,7-二甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉氢溴酸盐(编号P91024)后粪便、尿液、胆汁和血浆中的主要代谢产物进行研究。通过比较给药样品和空白样品的全扫描总离子流色谱和选择离子扫描色谱图差别寻找I相代谢产物；根据其一级和二级质谱图，确定I相代谢产物的分子结构。完全提取I相代谢产物后的样品溶液，再用葡糖醛酸酶酶解，得II相结合物的苷元部分，采用与I相代谢产物鉴定同样方法寻找和鉴定II相代谢产物苷元的结构，进而确证II相代谢产物的分子结构。从大鼠粪便中鉴定出P91024的2个I相代谢物，从胆汁中鉴定出1个I相和5个II相代谢产物，从尿液中鉴定出1个I相和3个II相代谢产物，从血浆中鉴定出4个I相和1个II相代谢产物；并分别分析推测出它们的结构。P91024在大鼠体内被代谢转化为多种产物，利用LC-MS/MS可以快速寻找和鉴定。     

1-(5-硝基吲哚-2-羰基)-4-[3-(1-甲基乙胺基)-2-吡啶基]哌嗪的制备

地拉韦定(delavirdine)是由美国Pharmacia&Upjohn公司研制的非核苷HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂(NNRTIs),临床与其它抗HIV药联合使用,用于治疗获得性免疫缺陷综合征[1].1-(5-硝基吲哚-2-羰基)-4-[3-(1-甲基乙胺基)-2-吡啶基]哌嗪(1)是其重要中间体.文献[2-4]以5-硝基吲哚-2-羧酸(2)和1-[3-(1-甲基乙胺基)-2-吡啶基]哌嗪(3)为原料,在1-(3-二甲胺基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺(EDC)作用下缩合制得.EDC价昂,后处理用氯仿作提取溶剂,且需通过柱色谱纯化,不适于规模化生产.