国产麻黄的形态组织学研究——Ⅰ.北方主产的七种麻黄

据文献记载和作者的调查,我国产麻黄属(Ephedra)植物共有13种3变种1变型。本文报道我国北方生产的7种麻黄生药形态组织学比较研究结果。7种麻黄是:草麻黄Ephedra sinica Stapf、木贼麻黄E.equisetina Bunge、中麻黄E.intermedia Schrenk ex Mey.、膜果麻黄E.przewalskii Stapf,单子麻黄E.monosperma Gmel.ex Mey.、雌雄麻黄E.fedtschenkoae Pauls和细子麻黄E.reaeliana Florin。文中附有生药性状与组织构造特征比较表及生药组织图。     

国产麻黄的形态组织学研究——Ⅰ.北方主产的七种麻黄

据文献记载和作者的调查,我国产麻黄属(Ephedra)植物共有13种3变种1变型。本文报道我国北方生产的7种麻黄生药形态组织学比较研究结果。7种麻黄是:草麻黄Ephedra sinica Stapf、木贼麻黄E.equisetina Bunge、中麻黄E.intermedia Schrenk ex Mey.、膜果麻黄E.przewalskii Stapf,单子麻黄E.monosperma Gmel.ex Mey.、雌雄麻黄E.fedtschenkoae Pauls和细子麻黄E.reaeliana Florin。文中附有生药性状与组织构造特征比较表及生药组织图     

中国毛茛科药用植物的研究 Ⅰ.中药黄连的原植物

作者对全国的中药黄连原植物进行研究后,确定味连的原植物为黄连Coptischinensis Franch.,峨眉家连的原植物为三角叶黄连C.deltoidea C.Y.Cheng et Hsiao,峨眉野连的原植物为峨眉野连C.omeiensis(Chen)C.Y.Cheng,云连的原植物主要为云南黄连C.teetoides C.Y.Cheng以及少量的五裂黄连C.quinquesecta W.T.Wang,而我国长江流域所产的黄连属土黄连则为短萼黄连C.chinensis var.brevisepala W.T.Wang et Hsiao.文中还对近年来植物和药学文献上的黄连学名问题作了讨论和订正,并作了各种黄连的分种检索表,最后还附有新种及新变种的拉丁文描述.     

国产甘草的生药形态组织学研究

本文报道了六种国产甘草生药形态组织的比较研究结果,它们是:乌拉尔甘草Glycyrrhiza nralensis Fisch.,胀果甘草G.inflata Bat.,光果甘草G.glabra L.,黄甘草G.eurycarpa P.Q.Li,粗毛甘草G.aspera Pall.和云南甘草G.yunnanensis Cheng f.et L.K.Tai ex P.C.Li的根茎和根。文中附有生药组织图3幅和上述六种生药的分种检索表。     

国产乌头类生药雪上一支蒿类的形态组织学研究

本文报道产于我国西南地区的民间药雪上一支蒿,包括7种乌头属植物即:短柄乌头Aconitum brachypodum Diels.,宣威乌头A.nagarum var.lasiandrum W.T.Wang,铁棒锤A.pendulum Busch,伏毛铁棒锤A.flavum Hand.-Mazz.,多裂乌头A.polyschisrum Hand.-Mazz.,凉山乌头A.liangshanicum W.T.Wang及小白撑A.nagarum var.heterotrichum Fletcher et Laucner根部的生药形态组织学研究。结果表明,这7种乌头根部可以根据生药外形及显微特征进行鉴别。     

商品黄芪的地区用药及其易混品的形态与显微鉴别

黄芪的地区用药及易混品共5种,即:梭果黄芪Astragalus ernesti Comb.,淡紫花膜荚黄芪A.membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge f.purpurinus (Y.C.Ho)Y.C.Ho,乌拉特黄芪A.hoantchy Franch.,甘青黄芪A.tanguticus Batalin和马衔山黄芪A.mahoschanicus Hand.-Mazz.等,对其生药形态和组织特征进行了比较研究,并编写了生药性状和组织特征检索表。     

中药败酱草的形态组织学研究——Ⅲ.菊科苦苣菜属、莴苣属和苦荬菜属植物

本文报道我国北方使用的来源于菊科植物的中药败酱草的生药形态组织学的研究结果,它们是:苣荬菜Sonchus arvensis L.S.、苦苣菜oleraceus L.圆耳苦苣菜S.asper (L.)Hill.紫花山莴苣Lactuca tatarica(L.)C.A.Mey.、中华苦荬菜Ixeris ccinensis(Thunb.)Nakai、抱茎苦荬菜I.sonchifolia Hance和苦荬菜I.denticulata(Houtt.)Stebb..文中附有生药组织图7幅以及上述生药的性状检索表和显微特征检索表.     

国产其它乌头类生药的形态组织学研究

本文报道五种乌头:黄花乌头Aconitum coreanum (Lévl)Rapaics,金阳乌头A.jinyangense W.T.Wang,无距宾川乌头A.duclouxii var.ecalcaratum Fletcher et Lauener,兴安乌头A.ambiguum Reichb,岩乌头A.racemulosum Franch.根部的形态组织学研究,结果表明这五种乌头可根据生药外形及显微特征进行鉴别。     

中药老鹳草的形态组织学研究

报告了三种供药用的老鹳草—牛儿苗Erodiumstephanianum Willd.、尼泊尔老鹳草GeraniumnepalenseSweet和鼠掌老鹳草G。sibiricumL.的形态组织学研究结果,并列表比较鉴别特征和写出生药检索表。     

中药续断原植物研究

围绕中药续断原植物问题,进行了调查研究,查明中药续断的原植物主要是一种,过去多定为Dipsacus asper Wall.,现改正为D.asperoides C.Y.Cheng et T.M.Ai,sp.nov.。另外深紫续断D.atropurpureus c.Y.Cheng et T.T.Yin,sp.nov。在川东地区也少量进入药材续断中。同产区有近似种涪陵续断D.fulingensis C.Y.Cheng et T.M.Ai,sp.nov.则不入药。此外一直称为续断的日本续断D.Japonicus Miq.查明因根部木化一般不做中药续断用。     

Phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequence of the non-coding region of nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast of Ephedra plants in China

Twenty-four Ephedra plants belonging to 8 species grown in the northern and western parts of China were phylogenetically analyzed for their non-coding DNA sequences, internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) of nuclear ribosomal DNA as well as trnL intron and intergenic spacers between trnL and trnF (trnL/ trnF) of the chloroplast. Based on the ITS sequences, the 8 species could be divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (Ephedra intermedia, E. sinica, E. przewalskii), Group 2 (E. equisetina, E. monosperma, E. gerardiana), and Group 3 (E. likiangensis, E. minuta). The species classified into Group 1 grow mainly in the north, Group 3 in the south and Group 2 in the center, suggesting their genetic and geographic relationships. A specific primer set was designed to classify the 3 groups by routine PCR. Combined analysis of ITS and trnL/ trnF differentiated the 8 Ephedra species.     

Herbological studies on Chinese crude drug Ma-huang. Part 1-On the botanical origin of Ma-huang in ancient China and the origin of Japanese Ma-huang

The botanical origin of a Chinese crude drug Ma-huang in ancient China and the origin of Japanese Ma-huang were herbologically studied. The results showed that the plants of Ephedra sinica Stapf, E. intermedia Schrenk & C. A. Meyer and E. equisetina Bunge were used as Ma-huang in China, and the first species was considered to be of high quality. The characters of Mao-zhou Ma-huang and Tong-zhou Ma-huang printed in Tu-jing-ben-cao, published in the Song Dynasty in China, were identified as E. likiangensis Florin and E. intermedia, respectively, and both species were recognized as excellent Ma-huang in the Ming Dynasty. The word origin of Katsune-kusa, the Japanese name for Ma-huang in the Heian Era, was etymologically considered as meaning the plant having reddish brown roots. In Japan, the plant of Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. var.japonicum Milde, of the family Equisetaceae, was substituted for Ma-huang in the middle of Edo Era, and it was designated that this action was based on the confusion of Ephedra plants and Equisetum plants those days in China.     

十二种国产麻黄的品质评价

本文应用高效液相色谱法对我国24个产地所产的12种麻黄生药进行了六种生物碱的定量分析,这六种生物碱是:麻黄碱(ephedrine),伪麻黄碱(pseudoephedrine),去甲基麻黄碱(norephedrine),去甲基伪麻黄碱(norpseudoephedrine),甲基麻黄碱(methylephedrine)和甲基伪麻黄碱(methylpseudoephedrine)。根据分析结果,对这些麻黄生药的品质作出了评价。     

Survey of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ephedra </Emphasis>resources in the Northern Areas of Pakistan and their genetic diversity

More than 400 species of medicinal plants grow in the Northern Areas of Pakistan, including Ephedra plants. To investigate the wild Ephedra plant resources in the area, we surveyed the medicinal plants and collected 71 specimens from 18 collecting sites to analyze their genetic variation. The DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS 1 and 2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and a noncoding sequence of chloroplast DNA (trn L/F) were analyzed. This DNA data analysis and external morphological features were used to confirm the species of the specimens, and it was found that E. intermedia was the major species in the area and that E. gerardiana and E. przewalskii were present sporadically. Although it inhabits a relatively small area in comparison with the northwestern Chinese provinces, the DNA sequence of E. intermedia in the Northern Areas of Pakistan was significantly more heterogeneous than the same species grown in those neighboring regions. Most of the E. intermedia specimens contained more than 0.7% ephedrine alkaloids, fulfilling the requirement of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia; thus, the Ephedra plants in the area are a genetic and medicinal resource of great importance.     

中药龙胆的形态组织学研究

本文报道九种龙胆:东北龙胆Gentiana manshurica Kitag.,建德龙胆G.manshurica Kitag.ssp.jiandensis J.P.Luo et Z.C.Lou(ssp.nov.),粗糙龙胆G.scabra Bunge,三花龙胆G.triflora Pall.,坚龙胆G.rigescens Franch.,头花龙胆G.cephalantha Franch.,亚木龙胆G.suffrutescens J.P.Luo et Z.C.Lou(sp.nov),德钦龙胆G.atuntsiensis W.W.Sm.和红花龙胆G.rhodantha Franch.的生药性状与它们的根,根茎、残茎和四种植物的越冬芽的显微特征。根据组织学研究结果,将上述九种生药分为二个型:关龙胆型与坚龙胆型,并发现上述分型与形态分类结果颇为一致。     

Sequence analysis of chloroplast chlB gene of medicinal Ephedra species and its application to authentication of Ephedra Herb

Chloroplast chlB gene encoding subunit B of light-independent protochlorophyllide reductase was amplified from herbarium and crude drug specimens of Ephedra sinica, E. intermedia, E. equisetina, and E. przewalskii. Sequence comparison of the chlB gene indicated that all the E. sinica specimens have the same sequence type (Type S) distinctive from other species, while there are two sequence types (Type E1 and Type E2) in E. equisetina. E. intermedia and E. prezewalskii revealed an identical sequence type (Type IP). E. sinica was also identified by digesting the chlB fragment with Bcl I. A novel method for DNA authentication of Ephedra Herb based on the sequences of the chloroplast chlB gene and internal transcribed spacer of nuclear rRNA genes was developed and successfully applied for identification of the crude drugs obtained in the Chinese market.     

白茅根挥发油的气相色谱-质谱联用分析

目的研究白茅根挥发油中的化学成分。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取白茅根中的挥发油,运用气相色谱-质谱法对其进行分析,结合计算机检索对其化学成分进行鉴定,并采用面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量。结果从白茅根中共分离得到12个成分,经计算机谱库检索鉴定了10个化合物的化学结构,占挥发油总量的99.71%。其中相对含量较高的是亚油酸（44.99%）、棕榈酸（35.23%）、顺-7-十四烯醛（13.82%）。结论该方法简便快速、灵敏度高、重现性好,适用于白茅根挥发性成分的分析。     

白茅根化学及药理研究进展

白茅根为中医传统常用中药，用作利尿和抗炎剂．本文对白茅根的化学和药理研究进展进行了综述，包括晚近自该中药中分得一些重要的化学成分如三萜类化合物、内酯、甾醇及有机酸等，以及有关其止血、利尿、抗菌和抗肝炎等活性研究．