前臂骨间后动脉逆行岛状皮瓣的术式改进方法

目的探讨前臂骨间后动脉逆行岛状皮瓣的临床应用及术式改进的疗效。方法本组对30例手背皮肤缺损,4例虎口皮肤缺损,1例拇指背侧皮肤缺损,2例腕尺侧,1例腕屈侧皮肤缺损的患者行前臂骨间后动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复术,并利用前臂背侧皮动脉改进手术。结果38例皮瓣全部成活,修复效果满意。结论前臂骨间后动脉逆行岛状皮瓣是修复手背部、虎口、腕尺侧、腕屈侧皮肤缺损的较好选择;对于没有条件行足趾游离移植再造拇指亦是一个可行的选择;改进的手术方法使皮瓣切取更容易,是手部皮肤缺损可供选择的有效术式。     

78例背侧骨间动脉岛状皮瓣的应用回顾

目的　回顾背侧骨间动脉岛状皮瓣的临床应用方法和评价。方法　应用逆行背侧骨间动脉岛状皮瓣修复手部皮肤软组织缺损 78例 ,其中采用扩张后的逆行背侧骨间动脉岛状皮瓣 12例。单蒂串联双皮瓣 10例。术中对背侧骨间动脉的发出位置、走行和分支分布进行了解剖学的观察和皮瓣的设计应用原则进行讨论分析。结果　本组 78例中 74例背侧骨间动脉均存在 ,位置恒定 ,4例动脉在前臂背侧中 1 3段消失 ,未发现与掌侧骨间动脉有吻合支 ,乃改用其他手术方法。 5 3例逆行背侧骨间动脉岛状皮瓣中 4 9例全部成活 ,4例皮瓣末端坏死 ,经换药自愈。 12例扩张逆行背侧骨间动脉岛状皮瓣全部成活。 9例逆行背侧骨间动脉串联岛状皮瓣中 ,7例全部成活 ,2例位于血管蒂远侧皮瓣末端部分坏死 ,换药后自愈。皮瓣面积 8cm× 6cm～ 14cm× 8cm不等。皮瓣修复可达手背指蹼近侧和掌腕及拇指间隙部位。术后手的外形和功能恢复良好。结论　该皮瓣是修复手部皮肤缺损较好的手术方法 ,但术前需对血管有变异的可能性有所准备     

前臂及拇背侧皮神经营养血管蒂岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的探讨前臂及拇背侧带皮神经营养血管蒂岛状皮瓣临床应用的适应证。方法利用以前臂外侧皮神经营养血管为蒂的岛状皮瓣修复拇指末节脱套伤2例,带拇背桡侧皮神经营养血管蒂岛状皮瓣及尺背侧皮神经营养血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复拇指掌侧软组织缺损10例。皮瓣切取面积2cm×3cm～7cm×11cm。结果11例皮瓣全部成活,1例前臂外侧皮神经皮瓣因切取面积较大导致远端部分坏死。结论以前臂皮神经营养血管为蒂的岛状皮瓣适用于拇指末节脱套伤,但皮瓣长度不应超过11cm;拇背侧皮瓣宽度较小,仅适宜修复拇指较小面积的软组织缺损。     

前臂骨间背侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复手部创面

目的总结前臂骨间背侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复手部创面的临床疗效。方法 2004年3月-2010年3月,采用前臂骨间背侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复手部创面25例。男19例,女6例;年龄5～57岁,平均32.7岁。机器绞伤8例,压砸伤7例,挤压伤2例,热压伤1例,虎口挛缩组织切除后7例。左侧11例,右侧14例。创面部位:虎口7例,腕掌侧2例,手背15例,手掌尺侧小鱼际部1例。创面范围3 cm×3 cm～9 cm×7 cm。除虎口挛缩患者择期手术外,其余患者受伤至手术时间为1.5 h～11 d,平均5 h。术中皮瓣切取范围为3.5 cm×3.5 cm～10.0 cm×8.0 cm。供区直接缝合或中厚皮片移植修复。结果术后2周1例皮瓣以远1/3发生坏死,经二期植皮后愈合;其余皮瓣及供区植皮均顺利成活,切口均Ⅰ期愈合。术后14例获随访,随访时间6个月～3年。皮瓣色泽、质地好,温、痛、触觉恢复。虎口挛缩患者术后30 d开大虎口夹角度≥50°,可完成拇指外展、对掌功能。结论前臂骨间背侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复手部创面具有手术操作简便、术后功能恢复良好等优点。     

前臂非主要血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复手部创面

前臂非主要血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复手部创面邢更彦，姚建祥１９８８年以来，应用前臂非主要血管—骨间背侧动脉及尺动脉腕上皮支动脉为蒂的前臂逆行岛状皮瓣修复手部创面１３例，其中应用前臂骨间背侧动脉皮瓣９例，尺动脉腕上皮支皮瓣４例。１３例中，修复拇指、２～５指毁...     

逆行前臂骨间后动脉岛状扩张皮瓣的应用

逆行前臂骨间后动脉岛状皮瓣是覆盖前臂远1/3段、腕和手皮肤缺损的可靠方法之一[1],但该皮瓣切取后,前臂背侧供区多需移植皮片修复,于明显部位留有皮片痕迹而有碍美观,是其不足.     

逆行前臂骨间后动脉岛状扩张皮瓣的应用

逆行前臂骨间后动脉岛状皮瓣是覆盖前臂远1/3段、腕和手皮肤缺损的可靠方法之一[1],但该皮瓣切取后,前臂背侧供区多需移植皮片修复,于明显部位留有皮片痕迹而有碍美观,是其不足.     

逆行前臂骨间后动脉岛状扩张皮瓣的应用

逆行前臂骨间后动脉岛状皮瓣是覆盖前臂远1/3段、腕和手皮肤缺损的可靠方法之一[1],但该皮瓣切取后,前臂背侧供区多需移植皮片修复,于明显部位留有皮片痕迹而有碍美观,是其不足.     

不同皮瓣修复虎口电烧伤的功能与美学效果比较

目的：比较三种皮瓣修复虎口电烧伤的功能与美学效果。方法：本组共有13例15处虎口电烧伤，在臂丛神经阻滞麻醉下急诊清创，依据伤口情况，分别采取3种皮瓣修复。①设计以第一掌背动脉为蒂的示指背皮瓣，宽约5cm，远端达近侧指间关节；可携蒂部分中指背皮肤，形成的皮瓣远端为双叶。②骨间背则动脉为蒂的前臂背侧逆行岛状皮瓣，通过腕部皮下隧道转移。③以旋髂浅或腹壁浅血管为蒂的同侧下腹部薄皮瓣带蒂转移，术后2周断蒂。全部病例随访6个月～3年，评价修复虎口功能与外形。结果：8例11处虎口电烧伤创面以第一掌背动脉皮瓣修复。4例4处虎口损伤以同侧前臂骨间背侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复。1例以下腹部皮瓣带蒂转移修复。15例皮瓣转移后循环良好，创面Ⅰ期修复。1例前臂背侧岛状逆行皮瓣边缘因静脉回流障碍，皮瓣边缘0．5cm坏死。第一掌背动脉皮瓣和同侧前臂逆行皮瓣血运可靠，质地较薄，虎口修复后外形及功能良好。腹部皮瓣可提供较大面积修复组织，供区隐蔽，但修复后虎口外形和功能欠佳。结论：以同侧第一掌背动脉皮瓣或前臂骨间背侧动脉岛状皮瓣修复虎口电烧伤是比较理想的方法。     

逆行前臂骨间后动脉岛状扩张皮瓣的应用

逆行前臂骨间后动脉岛状皮瓣是覆盖前臂远1/3段、腕和手皮肤缺损的可靠方法之一[1],但该皮瓣切取后,前臂背侧供区多需移植皮片修复,于明显部位留有皮片痕迹而有碍美观,是其不足.     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.