静脉内溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中病人的神经功能改善观察

目的观察急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓后24 h对神经功能改善的预测因素及其与1年后预后的关系。方法急性缺血性卒中患者经静脉rt-PA溶栓治疗,根据NIHSS记分评价神经功能及患者1年后的预后。结果 72例患者23例在治疗后24 h神经功能得到改善。年龄<60岁(OR1.9,95%CI 1.7 to 3.2)、入院时血糖水平<8 mmol/L(OR3.87,95%CI 1.9 to 9.2)与神经功能改善相关。结论年龄<60岁、入院时血糖水平<8 mmol/L及轻中度卒中是静脉内溶栓后神经功能恢复相关,治疗后24 h神经功能恢复是1年后良好结局的独立预测因素。     

急性前循环脑梗死静脉溶栓患者TIBI分级与血管再通和预后的相关性研究

目的静脉溶栓期间利用经颅多普勒超声(TCD)监测脑缺血溶栓血流(thrombolysis in brain ischemia,TIBI)分级,评估急性前循环脑梗死患者静脉溶栓治疗效果,血管再通情况及预后。方法选择急性前循脑梗死行阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗的患者,于溶栓开始时行TCD监测并记录病变血管TIBI分级。发病72 h内患者通过头部磁共振血管成像(MRA)或复查TCD评价血管再通情况,比较TIBI分级与血管再通的相关性。采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分记录患者溶栓前及溶栓后24 h临床神经功能缺损,3 m随访时采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分评估预后,分析前循环脑梗死患者静脉溶栓时血管情况与神经功能缺损程度、短期改善程度、血管再通情况及3 m预后的关系。结果溶栓时TIBI分级与24 h NIHSS评分均呈负相关关系(r=-0.407,P=0.005)。TIBI分级、基线NIHSS评分、早期神经功能改善、血管再通是90 d良好预后的独立预测因素(TIBI分级:OR2.147,95%CI,1.332~3.460,P=0.002;基线NIHSS评分:OR0.876,95%CI,0.774~0.992,P=0.037;早期神经功能改善:OR11.917,95%CI,2.826~50.246,P=0.01;血管再通:OR 8.95%CI,1.65~38.79,P=0.01)。结论急性前循环脑梗死患者阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗时TIBI血流分级,能够有效反映溶栓治疗效果并有助于判断预后,TIBI分级越高患者预后越好,是静脉溶栓患者血管评估的重要手段。     

糖化血红蛋白与大动脉粥样硬化性缺血性卒中患者预后的关系研究

目的探讨急性缺血性卒中患者入院时糖化血红蛋白与不良心脑血管预后及神经功能预后的关系。方法入选2010年5月至2011年8月首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院脑血管病中心急性缺血性卒中住院患者373例,所有患者均为TOAST分型大动脉粥样硬化型。记录患者的基线资料,按照入院时患者糖化血红蛋白≥7%或7%进行分组并随访。终点事件包括卒中复发、心脑血管事件和心脑血管死亡、随访一年的神经功能恢复情况[改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,m RS)]。结果共300例患者资料纳入分析,高糖化血红蛋白组83例,低糖化血红蛋白组217例。随访(18.9±5.0)个月。高糖化血红蛋白组糖尿病发病率、1年的m RS评分、心脑血管事件均显著高于低糖化血红蛋白组(P0.01),Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示高糖化血红蛋白组患者无心脑血管事件的生存明显低于低糖化血红蛋白组(P0.001)。Cox回归发现糖化血红蛋白(HR 1.252,95%CI 1.061~1.477,P=0.008)和既往卒中史(HR 2.630,95%CI 1.365~4.970,P=0.004)是卒中患者心脑血管预后不良的预测因素。Logistic回归分析显示缺血性卒中患者随访一年时神经功能恢复不良的独立危险因素有高龄(OR 1.069,95%CI 1.037~1.101,P0.001)、既往有卒中史(OR 4.087,95%CI 2.051~8.144,P0.001)、高糖化血红蛋白(OR 1.208,95%CI 1.002~1.455,P=0.047)和入院美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分(OR 1.320,95%CI 1.217~1.431,P0.001)。结论入院时糖化血红蛋白升高是大动脉粥样硬化性急性缺血性卒中患者一年不良心脑血管预后和不良功能预后的预测因素。     

症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的预后分析

目的探讨唐山地区急性缺血性卒中住院患者的症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄(symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis,s ICAS)的发生率和6个月预后情况。方法前瞻性、连续登记唐山工人医院缺血性卒中和短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)的住院患者231例,均经头及颈部计算机断层扫描血管成像(computed tomography angiography,CTA)检查评估颅内外大血管,按血管病变分布情况,分为s ICAS组、非s ICAS组,并对s ICAS组进行6个月随访,按结局分为预后良好组和预后不良组,应用单因素和多因素Logistic回归方程分析s ICAS患者6个月预后的影响因素。结果本研究共纳入急性缺血性卒中患者231例,其中有108例(包括单纯颅内动脉病变95例和颅内外联合病变组13例)存在s ICAS,s ICAS发生率为46.8%。单因素分析显示s ICAS患者6个月良好预后与入院美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分[比值比(odds ratio,OR)0.872,95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI)0.775~0.980,P=0.022]、高同型半胱氨酸血症(OR 0.354,95%CI 0.132~0.984,P=0.039)、抗凝治疗(OR 2.597,95%CI 1.123~6.004,P=0.026)有关;多因素分析显示:与轻度狭窄患者相比,血管重度狭窄(OR 0.182,95%CI 0.035~0.943,P=0.042)和闭塞(OR 0.156,95%CI 0.029~0.833,P=0.021)患者、入院NIHSS评分更高(OR 0.768,95%CI 0.661~0.892,P=0.001)患者以及伴有高同型半胱氨酸血症(OR 0.177,95%CI 0.051~0.608,P=0.006)患者6个月预后更差;给予抗凝治疗(OR 7.714,95%CI 2.440~24.389,P=0.001)患者6个月预后更好。结论唐山地区急性缺血性卒中住院患者中接近半数存在s ICAS。入院NIHSS评分更高、血管重度狭窄和闭塞、伴有高同型半胱氨酸血症的s ICAS患者6个月预后更差,而抗凝治疗能够改善s ICAS患者的6个月神经功能残障。     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者静脉溶栓后早期神经功能恶化的研究

目的探讨发病6 h内静脉溶栓的急性缺血性脑卒中患者发生早期神经功能恶化(END)的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2017年7月至2019年8月该科收治的151例发病6 h内进行静脉溶栓的急性缺血性脑卒中患者的临床资料,以溶栓后24 h内美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)较前增加≥4分作为END标准将患者分为恶化组与非恶化组,应用多因素logistic回归分析溶栓后END的危险因素。结果 151例患者中恶化组26例,非恶化组125例。恶化组患者的年龄、NIHSS评分、房颤患病率高于非恶化组(P 0.05);发病到静脉溶栓时间(OTT)低于非恶化组(P 0.05);两组患者的TOAST分型比较,差异具有统计学意义(P 0.05)。logistic回归分析结果显示,NIHSS评分(OR=1.124,95%CI=1.007～1.254)、房颤(OR=6.425,95%CI=1.230～33.561)、收缩压(OR=1.031,95%CI=1.001～1.063)、冠心病(OR=0.072,95%CI=0.006～0.904)与溶栓后END显著相关(P 0.05)。结论高NIHSS评分、房颤及高收缩压患者静脉溶栓后发生END风险大。     

临床症状和影像学特征与轻度缺血性脑卒中患者静脉溶栓不良预后的相关性分析

目的评估重组型组织纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)溶栓治疗轻度缺血性脑卒中后出现不良预后的临床和影像学特征。方法分析了2011年1月至2016年12月期间本院收治的240例轻度缺血性脑卒中患者接受静脉溶栓治疗患者的临床资料和溶栓前DWI特征。以溶栓后90d mRS量表评分≥2分为主要不良预后结局。通过多因素Logistics回归分析确定影响轻度脑卒中患者不良预后的独立危险因素。结果 91例(37.9%)患者溶栓后90d再次评估的m RS≥2分、表示溶栓后加重神经功能障碍;余149例(62.1%)患者溶栓后90d再次评估的m RS≤1分、表示溶栓后神经功能恢复良好。不良预后患者的早期神经功能恶化发生率(25.3%)显著高于预后良好患者(4.7%,P<0.001),但两组患者症状性脑出血发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。根据溶栓前DWI检查,不良预后患者的大脑中动脉深穿支梗死伴或不伴周围区域梗死患者的比例(58.2%)显著高于预后良好组患者(26.8%,P<0.001)。多因素Logistics回归分析提示并发糖尿病(OR=3.41,95%CI:1.69～5.03,P=0.015)、入院时NIHSS评分较高(OR=2.11,95%CI:1.35～3.30,P=0.001)、大脑中动脉深穿支梗死(OR=4.19,95%CI:1.63～9.48,P=0.001)是轻度脑卒中患者神经功能不良预后的独立危险因素。结论并发糖尿病史、入院时NIHSS评分较高、脑中动脉深穿支梗死能够有效预测轻度缺血性脑卒中患者静脉rt-PA溶栓后发生神经功能不良预后。     

r-PA治疗超急性期脑梗死的疗效观察

目的观察急性期脑梗死患者使用瑞替普酶(reteplase,r-PA)治疗过程中不同血压对疗效的影响。方法 39例超急性脑梗死患者,符合溶栓条件,美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损评分(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)≥4分,采用r-PA 36~54mg行静脉溶栓治疗。动态观察患者溶栓过程中血压变化及NIHSS评分。比较2组入院时、溶栓24h、溶栓2周后NIHSS评分和临床疗效。结果患者溶栓24h及2周后NIHSS评分无明显差异,平均动脉压越高出血风险越大。Logistic回归分析显示,患者溶栓过程中平均动脉压≥105mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)是脑梗死溶栓出血的危险因素(OR=10.833,95%CI=1.974~59.461)。结论 r-PA治疗超急性期脑梗死安全有效,能有效控制患者血压。     

丁苯酞联合阿替普酶治疗缺血性卒中临床疗效的观察性研究

目的 探讨丁苯酞联合阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗缺血性卒中的临床疗效及安全性。 方法 回顾性分析青岛大学附属烟台毓璜顶医院急性缺血性卒中行静脉溶栓患者205例的队列，其 中联合治疗组（阿替普酶+丁苯酞组）112例，阿替普酶组93例。分析两组患者溶栓后即刻及14 d后 NIHSS评分，90 d的mRS评分，并分析不同急性卒中治疗低分子肝素试验（Trial of Org 10 172 in Acute Stroke Treatment，TOAST）分型中的临床疗效。同时分析溶栓后14 d症状性颅内出血及死亡情况。 结果 ①溶栓后两组NIHSS评分差异无统计学意义。溶栓后14 d联合治疗组NIHSS评分低于阿替普 酶组，差异有统计学意义（[ 4.82±0.44）分 vs（6.40±0.66）分，P=0.041]。联合治疗组90 d预后良好 率高于阿替普酶组，差异有统计学意义（72.3% vs 55.9%，P =0.014）；其中LAA亚型中联合治疗组患 者NI HSS评分（P =0.023）及预后良好率（P =0.045）均高于阿替普酶组，差异有统计学意义。②治疗 后90 d两组死亡率及14 d颅内出血率差异无统计学意义。③多因素回归分析结果显示丁苯酞是改善 缺血性卒中溶栓患者预后的保护因素（OR 0.425，95%CI 0.216～0.835，P =0.013）；年龄＞60岁（OR 2.233，95%CI 1.047～4.766，P =0.038）、入院时收缩压＞160 mm Hg（OR 2.295，95%CI 1.126～4.679， P =0.022）、溶栓前NIHSS评分＞10分（OR 9.354，95%CI 4.049～21.610，P＜0.001）是预后的独立危险 因素。 结论 丁苯酞联合阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗缺血性卒中患者能改善90 d临床预后，对LAA患者可能更 有效。     

阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性后循环缺血性卒中患者的预后相关因素分析

目的探讨分析影响阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性后循环缺血性卒中患者的预后的相关因素。方法选取发病0~4.5 h急性后循环缺血性卒中患者,分为阿替普酶静脉溶栓组和非静脉溶栓组,记录患者的一般人口学资料及基本资料、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分,溶栓组记录发病至溶栓时间及溶栓后24 h NIHSS评分下降。结局指标采用90 d改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,m RS)评分、症状性颅内出血(symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage,SICH)及患者死亡率,应用Logistic回归模型分析卒中患者90 d不良结局的相关因素。结果急性后循环缺血性卒中患者共116例,其中成功给予阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗的患者84例,非静脉溶栓32例。静脉溶栓组3个月预后良好53例(63.1%),预后不良31例(36.9%),其中发生出血转化6例(7.1%),症状性颅内出血3例(3.5%),死亡3例(3.5%)。非静脉溶栓组3个月预后良好12例(37.5%),预后不良20例(62.5%),其中发生出血转化5例(15.6%),症状性颅内出血3例(9.3%),死亡3例(9.3%)。静脉溶栓组经多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、发病至溶栓时间、基线NIHSS评分、高血压与90 d不良预后相关(P0.05)。静脉溶栓组和非静脉溶栓组相比,静脉溶栓组有更好的临床预后及更低的死亡率,两组在症状性颅内出血发病率方面并无明显差异。结论对于急性后循环缺血性卒中患者,尽早实施静脉溶栓对改善近期预后有一定临床意义。     

阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中后出血性转化的影响因素分析

目的探讨急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)经阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗后出血性转化(HT)的影响因素。方法选取2015-01—2017-07作者医院收治的经阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗的AIS患者348例,根据阿替普酶静脉溶栓后是否发生HT将患者分为出血组和未出血组。回顾性收集所有研究对象的临床资料(人口统计学、血管危险因素和实验室检查指标等),采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨ALS经阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗后发生HT的独立危险因素。结果出血组32例,未出血组316例。两组患者间基线血糖、基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分、发病至静脉溶栓治疗时间、心房颤动史、溶栓24h后收缩压以及抗血小板药物服用史差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,基线血糖(OR=3.781,95%CI:1.851~11.765)、基线NIHSS评分(OR=2.678,95%CI:1.384~10.441)、发病至静脉溶栓治疗时间(OR=2.436,95%CI:1.324~4.488)、心房颤动史(OR=4.538,95%CI:2.036~14.132)和溶栓24h后收缩压(OR=1.581,95%CI:1.071~6.415)是发生HT的独立危险因素(均P0.05)。结论基线血糖、基线NIHSS评分、发病至静脉溶栓治疗时间、心房颤动史和溶栓24h后收缩压是脑梗死患者静脉溶栓后发生HT的危险因素。     

Intravenous thrombolysis for acute cerebral ischaemia in old stroke patients ≥80 years of age

Despite increasing life expectancy, few data exist on the outcome of elderly stroke patients treated with IV thrombolysis. We analyzed the prospectively collected data from the Lille University Hospital stroke unit on patients treated with IV rt-PA within 4.5 h, comparing patients ≥80 years to younger ones. We considered the following outcomes: neurological improvement at the acute phase (NIHSS 0 or 1 at 24 h, or if the difference between NIHSS at 24 h and at baseline was ≥4), occurrence of intracerebral haemorrhage, mortality and functional outcome in survivors (favourable if mRS ≤2 or equal to pre-stroke score) at 3 months. Predictors of vital and functional outcome were determined using logistic regression analysis. Four hundred patients were treated with IV rt-PA, 98 (25%) being ≥80 years. The proportion of patients with neurological improvement at the acute phase (31 vs. 40%, OR 0.7, 95%CI 0.4-1.2), and with ICH (19 vs. 21%, OR 0.9, 95%CI 0.5-1.7) was similar among older and younger patients. At 3 months, 35% of patients ≥80 years had died; 52% of survivors had favourable functional outcome. Using multivariate analysis, age ≥80 years was an independent predictor of death (3.4; 95%CI 1.6-7.3), and of reduced likelihood of favourable functional outcome in survivors (OR 0.3; 95%CI 0.2-0.7) at 3 months. Although outcome at 3 months is worse for older patients than for their younger counterparts, our results are encouraging with a similar proportion of patients with early neurological improvement and with ICH in old and young patients and about half of the survivors having a favourable functional outcome in patients ≥80 years.     

不同剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗对超早期急性脑梗死预后的影响

目的 通过对超早期脑梗死患者接受不同剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（rt-PA）静脉溶栓治疗的分析，探讨使用rt-PA对超早期脑梗死预后的影响。方法 超早期脑梗死患者308例，根据家属的意愿及是否签署溶栓治疗知情同意书分别给予溶栓治疗和非溶栓治疗。溶栓组221例，接受rt-PA静脉溶栓，其中92例给予rt-PA 0.9 mg/kg，发病在3 h内68例，>3～≤4 h内9例，>4～≤6 h内15例。129例给予rt-PA0.6～0.8 mg/kg，发病在3 h内72例，>3～≤4 h内24例，>4～≤6 h内33例。对照组87例，未应用rt-PA治疗。记录各组在基线、治疗24 h、发病90 dNIHSS评分、Barthel指数。预后良好定义为发病90 d Barthel指数≥95；颅内出血分为症状性颅内出血和非症状性颅内出血。同时记录随访期间的血管性死亡事件和卒中再发事件。应用logistic多因素分析预后的独立相关因素。结果 预后良好的独立相关因素为患者接受治疗前NIHSS评分（OR＝2.067，95%CI 1.201～3.556，P =0.009），冠心病史（OR =1.942，95%CI 1.040～3.625，P =0.037）和溶栓治疗（rtPA 0.9 mg/kg时，OR =0.414，95%CI 0.207～0.826，P =0.012；rtPA 0.6～0.8 mg/kg时，OR =0.261，95%CI 0.137～0.497，P＜0.01）。症状性颅内出血发生率在rtPA 0.9 mg/kg溶栓组与rtPA 0.6～0.8 mg/kg溶栓组分别为3.3%（3/92）和4.7%（6/129），差别无统计学意义。结论 静脉应用r t - PA溶栓治疗超早期急性脑梗死可获得较好的预后，不同剂量 r t - PA（0.6～0.8 mg/kg vs 0.9 mg/kg）对预后的影响无统计学差异，伴有心房颤动、糖尿病史将可能影响预后。     

Redefining Early Neurological Improvement After Reperfusion Therapy in Stroke

Background and Purpose: Early neurologic improvement (ENI) in patients treated with alteplase has been shown to correlate with functional outcome. However, the definition of ENI remains controversial and has varied across studies. We hypothesized that ENI defined as a percentage change in the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (percent change NIHSS score) at 24-hours would better correlate with favorable outcomes at 3 months than ENI defined as the change in NIHSS score (delta NIHSS score) at 24 hours. Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected single-center quality improvement data was performed of all acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients treated with alteplase. We examined delta NIHSS score and percent change NIHSS score in unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models as predictors of a favorable outcome at 3 months (defined as mRS 0-1). Results: Among 586 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 194 (33.1%) had a favorable outcome at 3 months. In fully adjusted models, both delta NIHSS score (OR per point decrease 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-1.36) and percent change NIHSS score (OR per 10 percent decrease 1.17; 95% CI 1.12-1.22) were associated with favorable functional outcome at 3 months. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve comparison showed that the area under the ROC curve for percent change NIHSS score (.755) was greater than delta NIHSS score (.613) or admission NIHSS (.694). Conclusions: Percentage change in NIHSS score may be a better surrogate marker of ENI and functional outcome in AIS patients after receiving acute thrombolytic therapy. More studies are needed to confirm our findings.     

缺血性卒中患者静脉rt-PA溶栓治疗的性别差异及其相关因素分析

目的 探讨急性缺血性卒中患者重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, rt-PA）静脉溶栓治疗性别反应性差异及其可能影响因素。 方法 搜集2012至2013年江苏省临床卒中中心包括南京、徐州和扬州地区,6家三级医院神经内科住 院的急性缺血性卒中发病6 h内,行rt-PA静脉溶栓病例,回顾性分析其不同性别之间的基线危险因素, 溶栓后颅内出血、卒中并发症发生率、神经功能及预后的差异,并分析不同性别患者溶栓后10～14 d 对神经功能产生重要影响的可能相关因素。 结果 本研究共入组289例患者,其中女性111例,男性178例。女性组平均发病年龄,女性组年龄 ≥75岁比率,既往有心房颤动、高血压病史,血小板计数、球蛋白、高密度胆固醇、D-二聚体方面等凝 血水平,溶栓前平均收缩压水平,心源性栓塞性卒中发生率等高于男性组;在既往吸烟、饮酒史,大 动脉粥样硬化性卒中发生率,颅内外磁共振血管造影或计算机断层扫描血管造影术提示的血管内 轻度狭窄率低于男性组;而两组在既往脑血管事件、糖尿病病史,血管内无狭窄率、中度及重度狭窄 率等方面未见明显性别差异。女性在入院时、溶栓后24 h内及10～14 d时神经功能缺损评分、格拉 斯哥昏迷评分、意识受累程度、颅内出血发生率、卒中相关并发症发生率（尤其心血管相关事件发生 率）均高于男性组,24 h内及溶栓后10～14 d神经功能缺损评分下降程度低于男性。而24 h内、溶栓后 10～14 d症状性脑出血及死亡发生率未见显著性别差异。分别对女性组及男性组发病10～14 d神经功 能缺损评分进行线性相关分析,发现入院神经功能缺损评分、早期神经功能改善（24 h内神经功能 缺损评分下降≥8分或24 h神经功能缺损评分为0或1分）、溶栓后10～14 d症状性脑出血发生、既往心 房颤动病史、基线高密度胆固醇水平与女性患者溶栓后10～14 d神经功能相关。同时,入院神经功能 缺损评分、24 h较入院神经功能缺损评分的改善程度,溶栓后10～14 d症状性脑出血发生,发病距离 溶栓时间≤180 mi n发生率与男性患者溶栓后10～14 d神经功能相关。 结论 在本研究中,女性卒中患者溶栓后神经功能获益不如男性,与入院高密度胆固醇水平、入院 神经功能缺损评分、溶栓后24 h内神经功能改善程度、溶栓后症状性脑出血发生、既往有心房颤动病 史等因素相关。     

后循环急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗与静脉溶栓的对照研究

目的 比较后循环大血管闭塞致急性缺血性卒中患者接受血管内治疗（endovascular treatment，EVT） 与单纯静脉溶栓（intravenous thrombolysis，IVT）治疗后的临床结局。 方法 纳入2012年3月-2016年11月期间在北京天坛医院行EVT与IVT治疗的后循环大血管闭塞所致 急性缺血性卒中患者，以1∶1比例匹配两组的年龄、性别、基线NIHSS评分、发病至治疗时间及卒中亚型 （TOAST分型），匹配患者的NIHSS评分≥10分。主要疗效结局为治疗后90 d的mRS评分，安全性结局为 24 h ICH及90 d全因死亡率。 结果 共纳入328例后循环急性缺血性卒中患者，其中EVT组69例，IVT组259例，匹配后两组基线数 据相似，每组各55例。各卒中亚型比例在两组均有显著性差异（所有P <0.001），两组均以大动脉粥 样硬化型为主，其中EVT组63例（91.3%），IVT组164例（63.3%）。临床疗效结局显示匹配后EVT组90 d mRS评分≤1分比例（30.9% vs 38.2%，校正OR 0.724，95%CI 0.329～1.595，P =0.423）及mRS评分≤2 分比例（38.2% vs 50.9%，校正OR 0.596，95%CI 0.279～1.272，P =0.181）均低于IVT组，但差异均无统 计学意义。安全性结局方面，24 h症状性脑出血及治疗后90 d全因死亡率，两组比较差异也无统计学 意义。 结论 对于后循环大血管闭塞所致急性缺血性卒中患者行EVT治疗和单纯IVT治疗，在疗效及安全 性结局方面均无显著性差异。     

Statin pretreatment may increase the risk of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage in thrombolysis for ischemic stroke: results from a case–control study and a meta-analysis

The influence of statins on the results of intravenous thrombolysis for ischemic stroke is controversial. We studied the risks and benefits of statin pretreatment (SP) in patients treated with intravenous alteplase (t-PA) at our institution, and included our data to a meta-analysis of previous related studies. We reviewed prospectively collected data from consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with IV rt-PA at our institution over the past 9 years. We compared symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (SICH), favourable short-term outcome (decrease of ≥4 points on the NIHSS score after 24 h from baseline assessment), favourable long-term outcome (mRS score ≤2 at 3 months) and mortality rates between statin-pretreated (SPP) and nonstatin-pretreated patients (NSPP). We performed a systematic search through MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase datasets to identify similar English language studies. A total of 182 patients were included (mean age 68.3 ± 11.4 years, 54.3% men). There were no significant differences between SPP and NSPP regarding SICH (3.3 vs. 1.7%, p = 0.47), favourable short-term outcome (44.8 vs 56%, p = 0.31) and favourable long-term outcome rates (40 vs 44.1%, p = 0.84). In a meta-analysis of 1,055 patients, SP was neither related to long-term functional outcome nor mortality, but it was a risk factor for SICH (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.03–3.84, p = 0.04). Statin pretreatment may increase the risk of SICH in patients receiving IV t-PA for ischemic stroke, though it does not influence the 3 months outcome. Prospective studies are needed to confirm this safety concern.     

Early Neurological Deterioration within 24 Hours after Intravenous rt-PA Therapy for Stroke Patients: The Stroke Acute Management with Urgent Risk Factor Assessment and Improvement rt-PA Registry

Background: The initial 24 h after thrombolysis are critical for patients' conditions, and continuous neurological assessment and blood pressure measurement are required during this time. The goal of this study was to identify the clinical factors associated with early neurological deterioration (END) within 24 h of stroke patients receiving intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) therapy and to clarify the effect of END on 3-month outcomes. Methods: A retrospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted in 10 stroke centers in Japan. A total of 566 consecutive stroke patients [211 women, 72 ± 12 years old, the median initial NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 13] treated with intravenous rt-PA (0.6 mg/kg alteplase) was studied. END was defined as a 4-point or greater increase in the NIHSS score at 24 h from the NIHSS score just before thrombolysis. Results: END was present in 56 patients (9.9%, 18 women, 72 ± 10 years old) and was independently associated with higher blood glucose [odds ratio (OR) 1.17, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.07-1.28 per 1 mmol/l increase, p < 0.001], lower initial NIHSS score (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87-0.97 per 1-point increase, p = 0.002), and internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion (OR 5.36, 95% CI 2.60-11.09, p < 0.001) on multivariate analysis. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within the initial 36 h from thrombolysis was more common in patients with END than in the other patients (per NINDS/Cochrane protocol, OR 10.75, 95% CI 4.33-26.85, p < 0.001, and per SITS-MOST protocol, OR 12.90, 95% CI 2.76-67.41, p = 0.002). At 3 months, no patients with END had a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-1. END was independently associated with death and dependency (mRS 3-6, OR 20.44, 95% CI 6.96-76.93, p < 0.001), as well as death (OR 19.43, 95% CI 7.75-51.44, p < 0.001), at 3 months. Conclusions: Hyperglycemia, lower baseline NIHSS score, and ICA occlusion were independently associated with END after rt-PA therapy. END was independently associated with poor 3-month stroke outcome after rt-PA therapy.     

血清前白蛋白与脑出血预后的相关性研究

目的探讨血清前白蛋白水平与脑出血患者预后的相关性。方法纳入自发性脑出血患者31例,收集临床资料,在入院24 h内采集空腹血检测血清前白蛋白水平。采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)对入院时的神经功能缺损严重程度进行评定,在发病后第90天应用改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,mRS)评价患者功能预后,根据第90天mRS将患者分为预后良好组(0~2分)和预后不良组(3~6分)。结果在31例自发性脑出血患者中,预后良好组21例(67.7%),预后不良组10例(32.3%)。与预后不良组比较,预后良好组患者入院时前白蛋白(prealbumin,PA)水平较高,而NIHSS评分和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)水平较低。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,高基线NIHSS评分、低血清前白蛋白水平是脑出血患者预后不良的独立危险因素;随着基线NIHSS评分的增高,患者预后不良的趋势增加(OR 1.333,95%CI 1.023~1.738;P=0.033);血清前白蛋白水平增高,患者预后不良的趋势降低(OR 0.972,95%CI 0.946~0.998;P=0.039)。结论在预后不良的患者中血清前白蛋白水平明显降低,血清前白蛋白水平是自发性脑出血患者预后不良的独立危险因素。     

Frequency and predictors of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with ischemic stroke treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator outside clinical trials

BACKGROUND: To determine the frequency and predictors of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) in patients treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). METHODS: We reviewed the databases of 7 tertiary hospitals that treated ischemic stroke patients with intravenous rt-PA. We recorded demographic data, vascular risk factors, time between onset and treatment, dose, the NIHSS score, body temperature, blood pressure, platelet count, blood glucose, antiplatelet treatment, and CT data. We also registered the study protocol used for treatment and deviations from the accepted protocol. A control CT was performed on all patients. SICH was diagnosed if a parenchymal hematoma was detected within the 36 h after rt-PA and was associated with an increase of > or =4 in the NIHSS score. Bivariate analyses were performed followed by a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 347 patients were studied, whose mean age was 68 +/- 10.9 years; 56% were men. Thirty-two patients (9.2%) exhibited a parenchymal hematoma, and 8 patients (2.3%) suffered a SICH. Patients with SICH had a higher frequency of previous transient ischemic attack (p = 0.04), early signs of ischemia (p = 0.003), hyperdense arterial sign (p = 0.008), and deviations (p = 0.002). Early signs of ischemia (OR 8.5, 95% CI 1.6-45.4, p = 0.01) and deviation from the protocol (OR 11.1, 95% CI 2.4-50, p = 0.002) were independent predictors of SICH. CONCLUSIONS: SICH is infrequent in patients with ischemic stroke treated with rt-PA outside of a clinical trial. Its frequency increases in the presence of early signs of ischemia on the non-contrast CT scan and deviations from the recommended protocol.     

脑白质高信号与孤立大脑中动脉重度狭窄或闭塞患者临床预后的相关性研究

目的 探讨脑白质高信号（white matter hyperintensity,WMH）与孤立大脑中动脉（middle cerebral artery,MCA）重度狭窄或闭塞患者临床预后的关系。方法 前瞻性连续纳入就诊于新乡医学院第一附属医院神经内科,发病在72 h内的孤立MCA M1段重度狭窄或闭塞的急性缺血性卒中患者。收集患者的临床资料,入院时采用NIHSS评估卒中严重程度,采用Fazekas评估WMH严重程度。本研究的主要结局为发病90 d和1年时的神经功能结局,根据mRS将患者分为预后良好（mRS 0～2分）和预后不良（mRS>2分）组,单因素分析比较2组的基线指标、WMH等脑小血管病影像学指标、侧支循环评级等因素;采用多因素分析判断预后不良的独立危险因素。本研究的次要结局包括卒中进展、发病90 d和1年卒中复发,采用单因素logistic回归分析评估WMH与发病3 d内卒中进展、随访90 d和1年卒中复发的关系。结果 最终纳入117例患者,男性74例（63.2%）,平均60.6±9.9岁。90 d随访时,60例患者预后良好,57例患者预后不良,多因素logistic回归分析显示Fazekas总分（OR 1.612,95%CI 1.245～2.087,P<0.001）、入院时NIHSS（OR 1.215,95%CI 1.025～1.440,P=0.025）、侧支循环不良（OR 3.111,95%CI 1.188～8.142,P=0.021）是预后不良的独立危险因素;1年随访时,86例患者预后良好,31例患者预后不良,多因素logistic回归分析显示Fazekas总分（OR 1.495,95%CI 1.083～2.065,P=0.014）、入院时NIHSS（OR 1.725,95%CI 1.359～2.193,P<0.001）、侧支循环不良（OR 4.217,95%CI 1.218～14.598,P=0.023）与预后不良独立相关。单因素logistic回归分析显示WMH与卒中进展及复发无相关性。结论 WMH与MCA重度狭窄或闭塞患者临床预后密切相关,高Fazekas总分、入院时NIHSS评分高、侧支循环不良可作为评定MCA重度狭窄或闭塞患者临床预后的独立危险因素。