经双侧桡动脉途径对照造影行冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变介入治疗的研究

目的评价冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变(CTO)介入治疗中经双侧桡动脉途径进行左右冠状动脉造影定位的可行性及安全性。方法选择2006年6月—2007年6月本院行择期冠状动脉造影的CTO患者中存在对侧侧支循环的4例患者,经一侧桡动脉送入导引导管,经另一侧桡动脉送入造影导管,通过对侧造影使侧支循环及闭塞远端显影,帮助判断导丝是否在真腔,证实导丝在真腔后进行球囊扩张及支架置入术。结果4例均经对侧造影行经皮冠状动脉球囊扩张及支架置入,术中均未发生冠状动脉夹层及穿孔等并发症,术后症状明显缓解。结论经双侧桡动脉途径对照造影,通过侧支循环使CTO远端显影帮助判断导丝位置是一种安全有效的介入治疗方法。     

老年慢性完全闭塞病变34例治疗体会

老年急性冠脉综合征患者因高龄、病程长、多支病变，合并其它脏器功能异常，属经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）适应证中高危人群。作者收集34例具有典型心绞痛症状、心电图正常或部分ST—T变化、冠状动脉造影（CAG）为多支病变的老年慢性闭塞病变病例，分别进行完全或非完全血运重建，取得良好临床效果，报告如下：     

冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变治疗进展

冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞(CTO)病变的治疗包括药物保守治疗、介入治疗、外科治疗,其中药物治疗是基础,包括抗血小板药物、β-受体阻滞剂、硝酸酯类药物、他汀类药物、抗凝治疗等;进展最大的是介入治疗,开通CTO病变可以明显改善患者症状及预后,但对术者要求高,成功率低,术后再闭塞和再狭窄的发生率较高,被介入心脏病学家称为最后一块前沿阵地;外科治疗是早期治疗CTO病变的主要方法,经历了静脉桥、部分动脉桥及完全动脉桥3个阶段,本文就其治疗做一综述。     

正向夹层再次进入技术在冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变中的应用

目的：探讨ADR技术在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）开通冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞（chronic total occlusion,CTO）应用的有效性与安全性。方法：选取2017年1月至2018年12月在滨州市人民医院和南昌大学第二附属医院行PCI的CTO病变中未使用正向夹层再次进入（antegrade dissection re-entry,ADR）技术的48例患者（对照组）和使用ADR技术的50例患者（治疗组）为研究对象。比较2组患者的基线情况、冠状动脉造影结果、PCI成功率和随访12个月的主要不良心血管事件（major adverse cardiovascular events,MACE）。结果：对照组共有52处CTO病变,治疗组共有58处CTO病变。治疗组PCI成功率明显高于对照组（89.7%vs. 71.2%,P=0.047）,其中6例支架内再狭窄型CTO(in-stent restenosis,ISR-CTO)病变全部开通,治疗组平均PCI时间[（71±25） min vs.(95±33) min,P=0.0...     

联合使用微导管和闭塞病变专用导丝行介入治疗冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变的研究

目的:评价冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变(CTO)患者联合使用微导管和闭塞病变专用钢丝行介入治疗的可行性及安全性.方法:20例经桡动脉造影证实的冠状动脉CTO,且病变均有自身或对侧冠状动脉侧支循环形成.前向送入软导丝致闭塞病变近端,将软导丝延长后送入微导管致闭塞病变近端,撤出软导丝后,利用微导管换用不同CTO专用导丝,精细调控导引导丝方向,调整导引导丝头端硬度以及利用微导管行高选择性造影.通过闭塞病变后,行球囊扩张及支架术.结果:19例成功行冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)及支架术,1例失败.术中无冠状动脉夹层及穿孔并发症情况.结论:联合使用微导管和闭塞病变专用导丝介入治疗冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变是安全有效的方法.     

双源CT冠状动脉造影对慢性管腔闭塞检测的评价

目的探讨双源CT冠状动脉造影（CTcoronary angiography,CTCA）对慢性管腔闭塞（chronic total occlusion,CTO）的检测能力。方法回顾性分析冠心病患者28例共31支管腔慢性全闭病变。由高年资影像诊断医师通过最大密度投影（maximum intensity projection,MIP）、曲面重建（curved muhiplate reconstruction,CMPR）、小间隔多时项模拟动态容积再现技术（volume rendering technique,VRT）及横断面原始图像进行分析比较。以冠状动脉造影（conventional coronaly angiography,CAG）作为金标准评价CTCA诊断敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及其影响诊断的因素。结果CTCA诊断敏感性58．1％,特异性87．0％,阳性预测值72．O％,阴性预测值78．3％。CTCA图像中13处CTO病变评估过轻,其中诊断为重度狭窄9例,轻中度狭窄4例。影响诊断因素包括病变处钙化12例（占38．7％）;病变范围局限影响诊断6例（占19．4％）;侧支循环形成共27例（占87．1％）;造影剂浓度及呼吸伪影影响诊断各1例（占3．2％）。结论双源CTCA在诊断冠心病CTO患者中尚存在不足之处,影像诊断医师应提高对冠心病CTO的认识,合理应用各种重建方法并结合模拟动态vRT图像,以提高诊断准确性。     

中国冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变介入治疗现状初步调查

目的 初步调查我国冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变(CTO)介入治疗的现状 在2008中国冠状动脉CTO介入治疗俱乐部(CTOCC)活动进行的同时,对全国45位介入治疗专家进行问卷调查.结果 本次共发出调查问卷45份,收回43份(95.6%).CTO介入治疗时术者通常使用硬导引钢丝(48.8%)或亲水多聚物涂层导引钢丝(44.2%),仅7.0%的术者使用软导引钢丝尝试开通闭塞病变.在硬导引钢丝系列中术者最常使用Miracle系列导引钢丝(34.5%),在亲水涂层多聚物涂层导引钢丝中术者最常使用Pilot系列导引钢丝(33.3%).当第1根导引钢丝无法通过闭塞病变后,术者最常使用的技术为平行导引钢丝技术(71.4%),此时最常使用的导引钢丝为Miracle(46.0%)和Conquest系列导引钢丝(28.6%).CTO介入治疗中血管内超声(IVUS)的使用率较低,93.1%的术者在CTO介入治疗中IVUS的使用率<5%.患者术前行冠状动脉CT检查的比例较低,67.4%的术者其冠状动脉CT检查的使用率<5%.在逆行导引钢丝技术的应用中,仅1个介入中心(2.2%)的手术量>20例.绝大部分术者(83.7%)的手术成功率<80%.结论 与国外CTO介入治疗水平较高的中心相比,国内术者的CTO介入治疗技术仍待进一步提高.为准确了解当前国内CTO的治疗现状,大规模的回顾性分析非常必要.     

不伴有心肌梗死的慢性冠状动脉完全闭塞病变的临床特点

目的 探讨不伴有心肌梗死的慢性冠状动脉完全闭塞病变的临床特点.方法 对1998年至2002年行冠状动脉造影显示慢性冠状动脉完全闭塞且不伴有心肌梗死的41例患者(观察组)与同期年龄匹配的急性心肌梗死患者(对照组)进行回顾性资料分析.结果 冠状动脉侧支循环的开通、远段闭塞血管及三支病变的发生率,观察组均明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).危险因素的比较中,血糖、血压和LDL 3项2组比较差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).不伴有心肌梗死的慢性冠状动脉完全闭塞病变与高血压、高血脂、糖尿病密切相关,且其临床表现以不稳定性心绞痛为主.结论 不伴有心肌梗死的慢性冠状动脉完全闭塞病变多为复杂的多支病变,侧支循环的开通是其不伴有急性心肌梗死的基础所在.远段血管闭塞多,也是其原因之一.     

慢性冠状动脉闭塞病变介入治疗后左室收缩功能的变化

目的 探讨慢性冠状动脉闭塞病变介入治疗后对患者左心室射血功能、室壁运动的影响。方法 83例慢性闭塞病变的患者[平均闭塞时间(4.6±11)个月]因心绞痛行介入治疗,其中支架置入率为74.7％。介入治疗前以及术后(6.9±2.2)个月行超声心动图检查。超声测定左心室射血分数,评价左室局部室壁运动。结果左心室射血分数由治疗前57.3％±14％提高至随诊时的63.4％±11％(P<0.01)。患者左心室室壁运动以及心绞痛在成功进行介入治疗后有明显改善。结论 介入治疗可使闭塞冠状动脉开放,从而明显提高左心室的射血功能,改善缺血心肌的室壁运动。     

双源CT在冠状动脉慢性闭塞性病变介入治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨双源CT在冠状动脉慢性闭塞的病变介入治疗中的应用价值。方法将使用双源CT来指导经皮冠脉介入治疗的82例120处病变作为A组．未使用双源CT作指导的63例98处病变作为B组,比较两组病变的介入成功率、导丝未能通过率、导丝进入假腔的发生率。结果A组120处病变介入治疗成功率为81．7％,A组导丝未能通过率为7．5％,进入假膜形成夹层发生率为4．2％;B组98处病变介入治疗成功率为68．4％,导丝未能通过率为18．4％,进入假腔形成夹层发生率为13．3％,差异均有统计学意义。A组介入治疗成功率高于B组,导丝未能通过率、进入假膜形成夹层发生率低于B组。结论应用双源CT指导冠状动脉慢性闭塞性病变介入治疗可以提高成功率,减少并发症。是一种简便易行的方法。     

Percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion in 1263 patients: a single-center report

Background Coronary chronic total occlusion （CTO） remains one of the most challenging lesion subsets in interventional cardiology, even with the development of medical device and operator expertise. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between lesion characteristics and procedural success and the incidence of in-hospital major adverse cardiac events （MACE） after percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） for CTO. Methods Clinical and coronary angiographic data of 1263 patients with CTO who underwent PCI between June 1995 and December 2005 in Shenyang General Hospital of PLA were retrospectively analyzed. Results There were 1625 CTO lesions located in 1596 vessels with a mean occlusion time of 48.9 months. A total of 1647 coronary stents were implanted to the target lesions. The overall patient and lesion success rates were 90.8 % （1147/1263） and 88.9 % （1445/1625）, respectively. The success rate of PCI was declined with long duration of occlusion, abrupt missing stump, bridging collaterals ≥15 mm in occluded length, moderate to severe calcification or tortuosity and ostial or distal location of CTO lesions （P〈 0.05）. Procedural failure occurred in 116 patients, caused by impossibility of guide-wire （81.0%） or balloon （19.0%） to pass through the occlusion. There was no death during procedure, but 2 patients suffered from acute stent thrombosis and other 9 patients had acute or late pericardial perforation. Those complications were all successfully treated. After procedure, 3 patients died, 4 experienced urgent target vessel revascularization because of subacute stent thrombosis and 1 underwent coronary bypass graft surgery due to coronary ftstula during in-hospital period. The overall in-hospital MACE rate was 0.6% （8/1263）. Drug-eluting stents were used in 198 patients without in-hospital MACE. Conclusions In an experienced heart center, it is possible to obtain a relatively high success rate of PCI and favorable clinical outcomes for patients with coronary CTO lesions.     

经皮冠状动脉内介入治疗慢性完全闭塞病变影响因素探讨

目的:探讨慢性完全闭塞性病变(CTO)经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的影响因素.方法:回顾2000年4月至2006年6月东南大学附属中大医院行PCI治疗的CTO患者48例,CTO病变共51处,记录患者临床特征、靶病变特点和靶病变PCI操作结果,行logistic逐步回归分析,筛选PCI成功的预测因素.结果:48例患者中33例36处成功,15例15处失败,病例成功率68.8%,靶病变成功率70.6%.2000年4月至2003年5月10例患者10处病变4例4处成功,病例及病变成功率均为40.0%;2003年6月至2006年6月38例患者41处病变中29例32处成功,成功率分别为76.3%,78.0%.2003年6月之后病变成功率较之前明显提高(P＜0.05).经logistic逐步回归分析,介入操作成功的预测因素为桥侧支缺如(P=0.001)、病变闭塞持续时间≤3个月(P=0.005)、功能性闭塞(P=0.005)、病变近端呈鼠尾状(P=0.026).结论:CTO介入治疗操作成功率除与术者经验和新型介入器材应用有关外,与病变特点密切相关,而与临床特点关系较小.在病变特点中,桥侧支缺如、病变闭塞持续时间≤3个月、功能性闭塞、病变近端呈鼠尾状是CTO行PCI操作成功的预测因素.     

慢性完全闭塞性病变介入治疗影响因素分析

目的：探讨经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗慢性完全闭塞性病变(CT0)介入治疗成功率的影响因素。方法：对本院2000年5月—2002年9月24例26处CT0的PCI资料进行回顾性分析。结果：24例26处CT0，总成功率达80．8％，支架置人19处(73．1％)。血管闭塞时间≤3个月、闭塞长度≤20mm、闭塞末端呈尖形者PCI成功率较高，有桥状侧支、闭塞近端血管重度弯曲者手术均失败。结论：影响成功率的因素有血管闭塞时间、闭塞长度、闭塞末端形态、桥状侧支、闭塞近端血管弯曲等。     

介入治疗冠脉完全闭塞病变影响因素的分析

目的评价冠状动脉（冠脉）慢性完全闭塞病变（CTO）特点对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）的影响。方法对300例CTO患者的临床资料、病变特征和PCI结果进行回顾性分析。结果闭塞病变类型为功能性及绝对性、长度≤15mm和〉15mm、有开口和无开口及断端为鼠尾状和刀切状,以上各组内PCI成功率分别为90．1％和76．3％、85．2％和72．1％、88．3％和80％、84．2％和55％（P〈0．05）;闭塞病变的位置、闭塞时间、有无桥血管、有无分支发出、有无钙化、远端有无显影及血管有无迂曲各组内差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论闭塞病变类型、长度、有无开口及断端的形状是成功PCI的影响因素。     

Long-term outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention for in-stent chronic total occlusion

BackgroundThe development of the technique has improved the success rate of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for in-stent chronic total occlusion (IS-CTO). However, long-term outcomes remain unclear. The present study sought to investigate long-term outcomes of PCI for IS-CTO.MethodsA total of 474 IS-CTO patients were enrolled at two cardiac centers from 2015 to 2018 retrospectively. These patients were allocated into either successful or failed IS-CTO PCI groups. The primary endpoint (major adverse cardiac events [MACE]) consisted of recurrent angina pectoris (RAP), target-vessel myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure, cardiac death, or ischemia-driven target-vessel revascularization (TVR) at follow-up. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the association between treatment appropriateness and clinical outcomes.ResultsA total of 367 patients were successfully treated with IS-CTO PCI while 107 patients had failed recanalization. After a median follow-up of 30 months (interquartile range: 17–42 months), no significant difference was observed between the two groups for the following parameters: cardiac death (successful PCI vs. failed PCI: 0.9% vs. 2.7%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.442; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21–9.887; P = 0.709), RAP (successful PCI vs. failed PCI: 40.8% vs. 40.0%; adjusted HR: 1.025; 95% CI: 0.683–1.538; P = 0.905), heart failure (successful PCI vs. failed PCI: 6.1% vs. 2.7%; adjusted HR: 0.281; 95% CI: 0.065–1.206; P = 0.088), target-vessel related MI (successful PCI vs. failed PCI: 1.5% vs. 2.7%; adjusted HR: 1.150; 95% CI: 0.221–5.995; P = 0.868), MACE (successful PCI vs. failed PCI: 44.2% vs. 45.3%; adjusted HR: 1.052; 95% CI: 0.717–1.543; P = 0.797). More patients were free of angina in the successful IS-CTO PCI group compared with failed PCI in the first (80.4% vs. 60%, P < 0.01) and second years (73.3% vs. 60.0%, P = 0.02) following up. Successful IS-CTO PCI had a lower incidence of MACE in the first and second years (20.2% vs. 40.0%, P < 0.01; 27.9% vs. 41.3%, P = 0.023) compared with failed PCI. After a median follow-up of 30 months, the reocclusion rate was 28.5% and TVR was 26.1% in the successful IS-CTO PCI group. Receiving >18 months of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) was an independent predictor of decreased risk of TVR (HR: 2.682; 95% CI: 1.295–5.578; P = 0.008) or MACE (without TVR) (HR: 1.898; 95% CI: 1.036–3.479; P = 0.038) in successful IS-CTO PCI.ConclusionsAfter a median follow-up of 30 months, the successful IS-CTO PCI group had MACE similar to that of the failed PCI group. However, the successful IS-CTO PCI group had improved angina symptoms and were free from requiring coronary artery bypass grafting in the first or second years. To decrease MACE, DAPT was found to be essential and recommended for at least 18 months for IS-CTO PCI.     

Stenting versus non-stenting after revascularization of chronic total coronary artery occlusion: short- and long-term clinical and angiographic results

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血小板分布宽度与慢性完全闭塞性冠状动脉病变的关系

目的：探讨血小板分布宽度（PDW）与慢性完全闭塞性冠状动脉病变（CTO）的关系。方法选取行冠状动脉造影的255例患者,将其分为冠状动脉正常组、冠心病非CTO组和CTO组,每组85例。比较3组患者的临床资料及血生化指标,采用多元logsitic回归分析冠心病患者发生CTO的危险因素,采用受试者工作特征（ ROC）曲线分析PDW预测CTO的敏感性及特异性。结果 CTO 组 PDW 水平明显高于其余两组（ P ＜0．05）。多因素 logistic 回归分析结果显示 PDW、WBC、Gensini积分是冠心病患者发生CTO的危险因素（P＜0．05）。 ROC曲线结果显示,PDW截点值为12．35时,PDW预测CTO的敏感性和特异性分别为73．0％和57．0％。 PDW与CTO组冠状动脉病变严重程度呈正相关（r＝0．946,P＜0．05）。结论 PDW与CTO有关,前者可独立预测CTO的发生及评估冠状动脉狭窄程度,并且具有较好的敏感性。     

Retrograde approach for the recanalization of coronary chronic total occlusion: collateral selection and collateral related complication

Background The retrograde approach through collaterals has been applied in the treatment of chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions during percutaneous recanalization of coronary arteries.This study was ...     

Clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion lesions in remote hospitals without on-site surgical support

Background The safety of percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） for chronic total occlusion （CTO） lesions in remote hospitals without surgical facilities remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate three-year outcomes after CTO for PCI in ten centers around China where no on-site coronary artery bypass grafting （CABG） support was available. Methods A total of 152 patients from 10 Chinese hospitals without on-site surgical facilities were prospectively studied. Intra-procedural and in-hospital events were assessed. Angiographic follow-up was indexed eight months after the initial procedure. Clinical follow-up was extended to three years. The primary outcome was the rate of major adverse cardiac events （MACE）, defined as cardiac death, myocardial infarction and target-vessel revascularization （TVR）. Results The incidence of CTO was 7.9% in patients who underwent PCI, Successful recanalization was achieved in 132 patients （86.8%）. Compared with patients in the PCI success group, patients with PCI procedural failure had longer lesion lengths （（42.32±22.08） mm vs （27.61±22.85） mm, P=0.023）, a higher rate of perforation （25.0% vs 0, P=0.014）, and a greater need for pericardial puncture. There were significant differences in MACE in-hospital and at one year and three years between the failure （10.0%, 30.0% and 35.0%） and the success （3.0%, 12.1% and 14.4%） groups （P=0.037, 0.034 and 0.040, respectively）. These led to a significant decrease in the MACE-free survival rate at one and three years in the failure group, compared with the success group （P=0.031 and 0.023, respectively）. Stump was the only predictor of recanalization success （HR 0.158, 95% Cl 0.041-0.612, P=0.008）, whereas procedural failure （OR 13.023, 95% CI 6.67-13.69, P=0.002）, incomplete revascularization （OR 9.71, 95% CI 2.93-5.59, P=0.005）, and total stent length （OR 6.02, 95% Cl 1.55-11.93, P=0.027） were three independent predictors of MACE. Conclusions PCI for CTO was unsafe in remote hospitals without CABG facilities. Paying attention to coronary perforation is important for successful procedures.     

冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变治疗后远期心脏磁共振右心室心肌应变的初步分析

目的 旨在探讨心脏磁共振（cardiac magnetic resonance,CMR）心肌应变（myocardial strain,MS）用于定量分析冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞（chronic total occlusion,CTO）患者临床治疗后随访复查右心室（right ventricle,RV）的功能情况。方法 纳入于我院确诊为CTO、并于治疗前后两次均完成CMR扫描病人13例,复查时间范围259~1168天。采用CVI 42软件测量左右心室结构功能参数及RV MS参数,比较CMR复查前后各参数差异性。结果1、就左心室结构功能参数而言,CTO患者治疗前后数据均无明显统计学差异（P均＞0.05）。2、就右心室参数而言,RVEDV、RVESV较复查前明显增大（分别为144.52±25.14 vs 118.46±28.08 mL,P=0.02;71.51±14.59 vs 55.62±15.93 mL,P=0.014）,RVEF等及各应变、应变率均无明显统计学差异。结论CTO患者在经治疗随访500.08±228.34天后,RVEF及MS保持稳定,但可观察到RVEDV、RVESV增大改变。